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A
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OF
ENGLAND
;jFrout iSgl1ert tfJe
re4t to tfJr ltebolutiott:
CONSISTIÑG OF
CHARACTERS DISPOSED IN'DIFFERENT CLASSES,
AND ADAPTED TO
A l\IETHODICAL CATALOGUE OF ENGRAVED BRITISH HEADS:
I
TENDED AS
AN ESSAY TOWARDS REDUCING OUR BIOGRAPHY TO SYSTEl\I, A
D
A HELP TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF PORTRAITS:
INTERSPERSED WITH
A VARIET"\
OF ANECDOTES,
AND
MEMOIRS OF A GREAT NUMBER OF PERSONS
. - ,
NOT TO BE FOUND IN ANY OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL WORK.
"TITH A PREFACE,
f'HEWING THE UTILITY OF A COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS TO SUPPLY THE
DEFECT, AND ANSWER THE VARIOUS PURPOSES, OF MEDALS.
BY THE REV. J. GRANGER,
\ ICAR OF SHIPLAKE, I:"i OXFORDS HIRE.
Animom pictorâ pascit inani.-VIRG.
Celebrare domestica facta.-HoR.
FIE' THE D I T ION,
nUll l1P\\ARDS OF FOUR HUNDRED ADDlTIO
AL U\ES.
IN SIX VOLUMES:
VOL. III.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR \VILLIAl\I BAYNES AND SON,
PATERN"OSTER ROW:
-\7\lJ SULD UY W. CLARKE, NEW BOND STREET; J. I\IAJOR FLEET STREET' J Aì\D J ARC
C'ORNIJILL: J. PARK ER, OXFORD: DEIGHTO
A
D SONS, CAI\JBRIVG
" II,
H. S. HAYI\ESAI'\J) CO. EDINBURGH; A
D R.M. TlJ\IS, DPDLfN.
1824.
Printed by J. F. ÐOVE, St. .T ulm's Square.
A
BIOGRAPHICAL
HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
REIGN OF CHARLES I. CONTINUED.
CLASS v.
COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.
SIR JOHN COKE, secretary of state. G. White J.
h. sh. mezz.
SIR JOHN COKE, &c. Sturt sc. 8vo.
Sir John Coke, master of requests, was, upon the death of Sir
Albert Moreton, preferred to the office of secretary of state. He
was a man of considerable experience; and from long habit, more
than from any extraordinary natural abilities, became a good pro-
ficient in politics, as far as they related to this kingdonl: but as to
foreign interests and connexions, the knowledge of which must
ever have been essential to the secretary's office, he was totally
ignorant. He was removed from his place to make room for Sir
Henry Vane, the elder, who was promoted by the interest of the
queen.
SIR FRANCIS WINDEBANK,. secretary of
state. P. Paul (De Wìlde),. an etching.
VOL. III.
B
2
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR FRANCIS 'VINDEBANK, ,vith John, lord
Finch; s'JJzatl oval; sill;' Enp;lish verses; (Glover)
scarce.' copied by Thane.
Sir Francis \Vindebank, the secretary, was a creature of Laud's;
a sufficient rèason for his being extremely obnoxious to the COln-
n10ns. He was secretly suspected too of the crime of popery; and
it was known that, from complaisance to the queen, and indeed in
compliance with the king's Inaxims of government, he had granted
n1any indulgences to Catholics, and had signed warrants for the par-
don of priests, and their delivery from confinen1ent. Grimstone, a
popular member called him, in the house, the very pander and
broker to the whore of Babylon. Finding t.hat the scrutiny of the
commons was pointed towards him, and being sensible that Eng-
land was no longer a pl
ce of safety for men of his character, he
suddenly made his escape into France.- Vide H ume.
" SIR PHILIP PERCEVAL, knt. register of the
court of wards, *" and one of the most honourable
privy council to Charles I. born 1559, died 1647."
Allt. TTandyclî p. C. Lenzpriere del. W. lIen. 70171S se.
1738. Engraved for Lord Eg'JJlont"s "History of the
House of Yvery."
SIR PHILIP PERCEVAL, &c. Faberf.1743; 8vo.
1nezz. enp;ravcdfoJ' Anderson's" Genealogy;" 8vo.
Sir Philip Perceval, who, in the early part of his life, was too
easily swayed by his passions, became afterward a man of a sedate
and amiable character. He was a friend of virtue, and a lover of
his country. He plunged deeply in business, and proved hinlself
an able man in the management of his private affairs, and in every
part of his conduct with regard to the public. He at first sided
with the king, but shortly after, from what appeared to him
honourable 11l0tives, warmly attached himself to the parliament.
He appears to have had no conncxions with the independent party.
He died the 10th of November, 1647, of a fever, occasioned by his
.. In Ireland.
OF ENGLAND.
3
perturbation of mind, from the prospect of those miseries which he
apprehended would soon fall upon himself and his country. The
parliament, then sitting, though his enemies, buried him at their
own expense; and the celebrated primate Usher preached his
funeral sermon.
"D. BALTHAZAR GERBERIUS, Eques Aura-
tus, primus, post renovatioúem Fæderis cunl I-lispa-
niarum rege, anno 1630, a potentissimo et serenis-
simo Carolo, Magnæ Britanniæ, Franciæ, et Hiberniæ
rege, Bruxellas prolegatus; Ao. 1631, Æt. 42, 1634."
Vandyck p. P. Pontius se. h. slz.
SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER, "vith his wife and
children. P. P. Rubens,. lffc Ardell.
The late Prince of 'Va]es had the fan1Ïly of Gerbier, a fine ori-
ginal, by Vandyck, which had successively passed under the names
of several English families, but was, at last, ascertained by Vertue,
with this, and another portrait.*' The picture is still in the king's
collection, at Buckinghmn-house, and has been engraved frOIn a
drawing of Edwards, by 'Valker, in a large sheet. Sir Samson
Gideon has a painting of the same family, but different.
Balthazar Gerbier, a native of Antwerp, came into England in
the late reign. He attended the king, when prince of 'Vales, and
the Duke of Buckingham, into Spain; and was secretly an agent
in the treaty of marriage with the infanta, though he only appeared
in the character of a painter. In 1628, Charles conferred upon him
the honour of knighthood, and afterward employed him at the
court of Brussels, where he was resident several years. See more
of him in the Class of ARTISTS.
MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
EDWARD HYDE, esq. after\vard Sir Edward
II yde, and earl of Clarendon, a distinguished n1em-
.. II Anecdotcs of Painting," II. p. 66, 67,
d edit.
4
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ber of the House of Commons. The heads of him
belong to the reign of Charles II.
We see, in the instance of the celebrated person before us, as
well as in many others, that the exertion of genius depends more
upon chance or opportunity, than upon nature itself. The divisions
and distractions of his country called forth the talents of this ex-
cellent man. He had a principal share as a speaker, a writer, and
an actor, in the transactions of this reign; and was thereby quali-
fied to enlich the world with one of the best histories it ever saw.
JOHN PYM, esq. Bower p. Gloverf. 8vo.
JOHANNES PV1\I, Edelman, &c. Bower p. Copicd
from Glover. C. Visscher e..l'cud.
Maistre PrN (Pym), &c. in a fur gown; 4to. a
scarce and curious print.
JOHN PYl\I, esq. Houbraken sc. In the possession of
Tlzonzas Hales, esq. Illust. Head.
JOHN PYl\I, esq. Hollar f. snzalloval.
JOHN PYl\I, esq. Vallderguclzt sc. 8vo.
John Pym, esq. member for Tavistock, in Devonshire, was the
greatest leader of the House of Commons in the Long Parliament.
He was a remarkable instance of what strength of parts and force
of eloquence could effect. He was commonly called" King Pym,"
and seemed alone capable of overturning the throne. His personal
weight was superior to authority; but he was thought by many to
have made a very ill use of his power. His intent was to reform,
not to abolish, the government; but he was a principal engine in
bringing about a revolution which he never intended, and which
he did not live to see. He died of an imposthume in his bowe]s, *"
.. Birch's II Lives of Illust. Persons," p. 80. Lord Clarendon, and the author
of the" Mercuriu5 RUSlicus," say, that he died of the l\lorbu5 pediculosus.
OF ENGLAND.
5
the 8th of December, 1643. His excessive application to public
affairs, is supposed to have hastened his death.
JOHANNES HAMPDEN, vindex libertatis.
Audrall ð'C. De picta tabella apud virul1z illustrern
Richardunz Ellys baronettul1l; h. she In Peck's " Life
of Milton."
JOHN HAl\IDEN; in al'"17Zour. Houbraken sc. 1740;
Illust. Head. This is not from the same picture* as
the above, which represents him younger.
JOHN HAlYIDEN; oval, in a square franze; 4to.
Baldlvin, 1813.
JOHN HAl\iDEN, esq. .1J1". Vanderg'ucht sc. 8vo.
John Harnden received the honourable appellation of Patriot
Harnden, for his spirited and judicious defence of the laws and
liberties of his country, in opposition to the illegal and opprf'ssive
tax of ship-money. He argued the case with the judges for twelve
days together, in the exchequer chamber, and had more reason to
triumph, from his superiority in the argument, than the crown had
for its victory in the cause. He had the command of a regiment
of foot in the civil war, and received his death's wound, bravtly
fighting, in Chalgrave-field, in Oxfordshire. He was regarded by
his friends as a martyr to liberty. Baxter has therefore placed him
with the saints in heaven,t and Lord Cobham with the worthies
· It does not appear that there is any authentic picture of Harnden. Sir Richard
Ellys is said to have bought an old painting at a stall, and called it by his name.
The late
Ir. Hollis told me, that he has made particular inquiry after a genuine
portrait of him, to have it engraved, and that he could never find an undoubted
original.f
t U Saint's Everlasting Rest," p. 82, 83.
At Hampden-house in Bucks, there is a small bust of him in ivory, well ex-
ecuted, and supposed to have been òone in his lifetime; it exhibits a thin Jong-
visaged man with whiskcrs.-BnmLEY.
6
.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
in his Elysium at Stow.* His patrÌotism has been suspected;
and indeed it appears not to have been without ambiti.on; but pa-
triotisI11 it unùoubtedly was. t Db. June 24, 1643.
SIR HENRY VANE, the elder; fron/; an orig'inat
drawing;. R. (:'ooper SC. 4to.
This active statesman, who may be considered as the founder of
the fortunes of the earls of Darlington, was the eldest son and heir
of Henry Fane (as the name was then written), o(Hadlow, in Kent,
esq. by his second wife, l\largaret Twisden. His father haying a
command in the forces sent by Queen Elizabeth, in 1596, to the
assistance of Henry IV. of France, died at Rouen, soon after his
arrival, when his son was in the seventh year of his age.-At
seventeen, he received the honour of knighthood from King
James I. after which, he visited several parts of Europe with con-
siderable improvement; and on his return, was elected member for
Carlisle. His abilities and exertions, on some interesting question,
having attracted the notice of the court, he obtained the office of
cofferer in the household of Prince Charles, whose accession to
the throne, in 1625, he notified, in quality of envoy to the states-
general.
The responsibility, which he had taken upon himself, with others
for large loans obtained for the king, when prince of ,\7 ales, seems
to have materially influenced his advancement. In 1630" being a
privy-counsellor and comptroller of the household, he was sent to
the continent, in order to renew the treaty of friendship and con-
federacy with the kings of Denmai'k and Sweden, and the Ger-
man princes in alliance with the latter. The chief object of this
Inission was to procure the reinstatement of the elector palatine,
kino- of I Bohelnia, in his dominion and dignities; but the fall of
t:)
· Under his bust is this inscri ption :
U JOHN HAMDEN,
u \Vho with great spirit. and cons.umn
ate abi.lities, began a noble opposit!on to .an
arbitrary court, in defence of the liberties of Ills country; supported them In parlia-
ment, and died for them in the field."
t If tbe virtues of patriots and heroes were abstracted from vanity and ambition,
they would shrink into a very narrow compass: unmixed virtues arc almost as rare
as unmixed :mbstances.
OF ENGLAND.
7
Gustavus Adolphus at the battle of Lutzen, and the death of the
unfortunate Frederick, both which events happened in November,
1632, diminished the regret which the failure of Sir Henry's nego-
tiations had doubtless occasioned. On his arrival in England, he
was included in the commission for executing the office of lord
lJigh-admiral.-In 1633, he attenrled the king to Scotland; and,
on the royal progress, entertained the sovereign and his suite at
Raby Castle. We find hinI named in many special commissions
of high importance frOlll that period until 1639, when he was ap-
pointed treasurer of the household, and, soon afterward, principal
secretary of state for life.
The king was so much offended by the part taken by Sir Henry
Vane, in the prosecution of Strafford,'" that he removed him frOln
his pìaces of treasurer of his household, and also from being secre-
tary of state, though in the patent granting that office to him, he
was to hold it during life: and thereupon, the parliament, when
they raised their army, and published their declaration, avowed" it
was only for tbe defence of the king's person, and the religion,
liberties, and laws of the kingdom, and for those, who for their
sakes, and .for those ends, had observed their orders." That by
the instigation of evil counsellors, the king had raised an army of
Papists, by which he intended to awe, and destroy the parJianIent,
&c. and the putting out the Earl of Northumberland, Sir Henry
Vane, and others from their several places and employments, were
sufficient and ample evidences thereof.
It does not appear, that he was concerned in any measure
against the king, but continued in London, without acting in the
rebellion. And on the 1st of December, 1645, the parliament de-
bating on propositions of peace with the king, voted," That it be
recommended to his majesty to create Sir Henry Vane, senior, a
baron of the
ingdoln; he lamenting the unhappy state of the
nation in those times of confusion, and was not in any cOlnmission
or employment under the parliament." In July, 1645, his castle
of Raby was surprised by the king's forces, frOln Bolton Castle;
but were again closely blocked up, by forces raised by Sir Henry
Vanc, his son.
Before the death of the king, he retired to his seat at Raby
· Lord Clarendon attributes the presumed revengeful conduct of Vane, to this
circumstance, that the Earl of Strafford had chosen for his second title that of Baron
Raby, of Raby Castle, which estate belonged to Sir Henry Vane.
8
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Castle
neither he nor his sons being concerned therein, but
opposed it all that lay in their power. Lord Clarendon makes out,
his growing at last into the hatred and contempt of those who had
made most use of him; but it may more justly be represented, that
he discovered the vile use they made of their power, and con-
temning them, chose retirement. He lived to the latter end of the
year 1654, when he died at his seat, Raby Castle, in the sixty-ninth
year of his age.
SIR HENRY VANE. P. Lely p. Houbraken sc.
1742; Itlust. Head. Tile original was in the collectio'll.
of the Earl of Olford, who gave it to the Earl of Dar-
lingtoll.
SIR HENRY VANE, knight, of Raby Castle, by
Faithorne, but 'lvithout his nalne,. in an oval of foliage;
4to. Before his " Life."
SIR HENRY VANE, the younger; froln an oriÆ'inal
painting'; 8vo.
SIR HENRY VANE; in ðVmollett. Grignion sc.
SIR HEKRY VANE; in Literary Magazine. Conde,
1792.
SIR HENRY VANE. R. Coopel
sc. 4to.
Sir Henry Vane, a chief of the independent party, and a pnncI-
pal leader of the House of Commons, was one of those singular
characters that are seen but once in an age, and such an age as
that of Charles I. It is hard to say whether he was a more fantastic
visionary, or profound politician. He did not, like the generality
of enthusiasts, rely supinely on heaven, as if he expected every
thing from thence; but exerted himself, as if he entirely depended
on his own activity. His enthusiasln seems never to have precipi-
tated him into injudicious measures, but to have added new powers
to his natural sagacity. He mistook his deep penetration for a pro-
OF ENGLAND.
!)
phetic spirit, and the light of his genius for divine irradiation. The
Solemn League and Covenant was the issue of his prolific brain,
which teemed with new systems of politics and religion. He pre-
served a uniformity of character to the last, and died in expectation
of the crown of martyrdom. Beheaded the 14th of June, 1662.
See the Interregnum, Class IX.
DENZIL HOLLES possessed, in a high degree, that intrepidity
for which his family has been remarkable. He was very active in
parliament, as long as the Presbyterians, of whom he was regarded
as the leader, had any sway. That party, for a considerable time,
went hand in hand with the Independents; but towards the conclu-
sion of the war, they separated, and hated each other with all the
ani
osity of brot
ers. See the next reign, Class III.
" EDW ARDUS DERING, de Surenden Dering,
in comitatu Cantii, n1iles et baronettus : pro comitatu
prædicto miles ad parliamentum, 1640." C. JohnsoJl]).
G. GI:Jver sc. Frontisp. to his "Speeches in 'Jnatters of
Relig'ìoJl," 1640; 4to.
ED'VARDUS DERING, &c. Copied from the above.
Moncornet eL
'C. 4to.
SIR ED'V AH.D DERING. Hollal" f. a slnall oval.
ED'V ARDUS DERING, &c. 12nw.
Sir Edward Dering, a man of parts and eloquence, was a great
friend to the constitution, and no less an enemy to the exorbitancies
of the adlninistration. He entered with zeal into the business of
reforming abuses; but was carried by his vanity further than he at
first intended to go. His principal motive, according to Lord Cla-
rendon, for bringing the bill for extirpating bishops, deans, and
chapters, into the House of Commons, was the application of two
lines of Ovid,. which he thought a very pretty introduction to an
· Cuncta prius telltandu, sed irnmedicabile vulnus
Ense recidcndum est, ne pars sincera trahatur.
II Metamorph." lib. I. ver. 190, 191.
VOL. Ill. C
10
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
harangue.. Upon the erection of the royal standard at Notting..
ham, he entered into the service of the king, raised a regiment of
horse at his own expense, and commanded it in person. He ap-
peal's to have been loyal from principle, though some imputed his
loyalty to levity. He was a great sufferer in the royal cause, by
imprisonment, sequestration, and plunder. Echard says that he
entered into priest's orders, and became" an earnest suitor for the
deanery of Canterbury; but being disappointed, turned again from
the king, and ended his days in obscurity."t This is of very doubt-
ful authority; justice seems to be done to his memory, in an ano-
nymous letter, published by Hearne, at the end of his preface to
" Tho. Sprotti Chronica."
JOHN SELDEN, the learned lawyer, was sometimes a speaker
in parliament against the court, and great attention was always
paid hirn on account of his excellent knowledge of the constitution.
He pleaded, as counsel for Harnden, in the famous trial concerning
ship-money; was very active against the Earl of Strafford and
Archbishop Laud; and a principal instrument in depriving the
bishops of their votes. See the next Class.
EDMUND \V ALLER, who had a rich vein of eloquence, as well
as poetry, distinguished himself as a speaker in parliament, before
he arrived at the age which is now requisite for admission into that
great assembly. See Class IX.
OLIVER CROMWELL, who had been long used to farming
in the country, made a very uncouth appearance at his first coming
into the House of Comnlons.t " Who (says Dr. South) that had
beheld such a bankrupt, beggarly fellow as Cromwell, first entering
the parliament-house, with a thread-bare torn doak, and a greasy
hat (and perhaps neither of them paid for), could have suspected,
that in the space of so few years, he should, by the murder of one
king, and the banishment of another, af:cend the throne, be invested
· His voice was remarltably sonorous and agreeable; he was, therefore, called the
Sih'er Trumpet, at the bar of the House of Commons.
t " History of England," p. 609.
* See a picturesque description of his p
rson, in Sir Philip \Varwick's Memoirs,"
p. 427.
OF ENGLAND.
11
in the royal robes, and want nothing of the state of a king, but the
changing of his hat into a crown.".
SIR JOHN HOTHAM, (a n1ember of the House
of Commons) governor of Hull; on horseback,. large
4lo. rare.
SIR JOHN HOTHAl\I, &c. on horseback; snzall 4to.
sold by P. Stent.
S J R J 0 H
HOTHA 1.1, on horseback; 4to. Richardson.
SIR JOHN HOTHAJ\I; ditto. Harding.
SIR JOHN HOTHAl\1; oval. Thane.
SIR JOHN HOTHAl\I; whole length, standing' In a
room,. view of Hull,
c. rare.
Sir John Hotham, a man of a timid and irresolute nature, and
without any firm principles of attachment to the king or parliament,
was, by the latter, appointed governor of the town of Hull, the most
considerable magazine of arms and ammunition in the kingdom.
Charles, perceiving to what lengths the commons were proceeding,
was determined to seize this fortress; but was peremptorily refused
admittance, when he appeared before it in person, by the governor,
who was instantly proclaimed a traitor. Though Hotham was em-
ployed, he was not trusted: his son, who was much more devoted
to the parliament, was a constant check and spy upon him. At
length, both father and son were prevailed upon to listen to the
overtures of some of the royalists, and to enter into a correspon.
dence with them. This quickly brought them to the block. They
died unlamented by either pa
ty; and were, by many, regarded
as victims to the just vengeance of heaven, rather than martyrs to
the royal cause. Db. Jan. 1644-5.
.. " Sermons," I. p. 311. As Dr. South wag a severe satirist, we must makc
some allowance for this description, which he has made somewhat outré to anSWCl
his purpose.
:
Promoted
Nov. 1.
1625.
Created a
baron tbe
10th of
April.
1628.
.
12 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLAS S VI.
MEN OF THE ROBE.
THOMAS, lord Coventry, lord-keeper. J. HOll-
broken sc. 174]. In the possession of Willia1Jz Cooper,
esq. II/list. Head.
THOl\IAS COVENTRY, &c.
fa]"tin D. (roeshout) se.
4to.
THOl\IAS COVENTRY, &c. C. Johnson p. Vander-
Æueht se.. 8vo. There is a good portrait of him at
Lord IIyde's: it came from Cornbury.
THO::\1AS, lord Coventry. Gardiner'sc. 4to.
THOl\IAS, lord Coventry. Elstracke sc.
THOl\IAS, lord Coventry; in Park's "Noble
A llthor s."
THOMAS, first lord Coventry, lord-keeper. J. S.
Agar se. 1815 ; front the original of Cornelius Jansen,
in the collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of
Clarendon,. ill Lodge's " Illustrious Portraits."
It was the singular felicity of the lord-keeper Coventry to have
raised himself to his high office, by his great knowledge of the
laws; to have adorned it by the most exact and impartial correction
of the abuses of them; and to have died when law and equity
were themselves hastening to a dissolution. Db. 14 Jan. 1639440.
Dorothy, his youngest daughter, wife of Sir John Packington, of
'tYestwood, in W orcestershire, was supposed to be the author of
OF ENGLAND.
13
" The Whole Duty of Man." It is certain that a copy of it in her
hand-writing, was found at Westwood.*
JOHN FINCH, lord Finch, of Fordwich (lord-
keeper). E. Bower p. Hollar f. a sUlal1 oval.
There is a small neat print of him and Sir Francis
Windebank, with" Finch's wings, flying to a '''indy
Bank:" i. e. to Sir :Francis Windebank; rare.
JOHN FINCH, lord Finch, &c.fae-sìl1zìle copy of the
above. J. Thane.
JOHN, lord Finch; wood-cut; standing' betuJeenAreh-
bishop Lalld, and Alder1Jzan Abel
' in HaY1vood's curious
tract, " Reader, here you'll plainly see," Sse. See Abel,
Class XII.
JOHN FINCH, lord Finch. C. Jansen. (Vertuc.)
In Clarendon's "History," 8vo.
The character of Lord Finch was just the reverse of that of his
predecessor. He was one of those men, who, with some parts, and
more vanity, fancy themselves quaJified for the highest offices,
without the due methods of study and preparation. He wrested
the laws to a perverse meaning, to answer the purposes of a
Promoted
23 Jan.
1639-40.
· Ballard's II l\femoirs."
'Villiam Chappel, bishop öf Cork and Ross in Ireland, was, by some, supposed
to be the author of that excellent book. It has also been attributed to the arch-
bishops Frewen and Sterne.
At p. 74, of Oldfield's II Divine Discourses," it is said, that \Villiam Fulman, a
native of Penshnrst, in Kent, and amanuensis to Dr. Hammond, was the author of
it; but in the preface prefixed to the folio edition of the author of " The \Vhole
Duty of :l\fan's \V orks," printed in 1684, it is plainly signified that the author was
then dead: he, therefore, could not be Fulman, who undoubtedly died in 1688.t
This book and Dr. Hammond's "Practical Catechism," seem to have been the
main props of our religion after the restoration of Charles II.
t See 'V ood, ii. co!. 824. See more on this subject in Ballard's "l\Iemoirs,"
Article PACKHWTON.
14
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
despotic court; and was ever an advocate for ship-lnoney, or any
other illegal imposts. Soon after the meeting of the Long Parlia-
ment, the apprehension of being brought to severe justice, hurried
him into a foreign country, and he died in exile.
SIR EDWARD LITTLETON, lord chief-justice
of the Con11llon Pleas, after\vard lord Littleton of
Mounslow in Salop, lord-keeper of the great seal.
A. Vandyck p. (Faitlzor'ne.) Peake e.rc. scarce.
SIR ED'V ARD l..ITTLETON, &c. Vandyck p. R. Wil-
lia'l7lsf. lz. sh. 'Jnez::;.
This print, which is well executed, was extremely scarce. 1\lr.
'Valpole and the late Mr. 'Vest had the only proofs* that I had
seen before the first edition of this work was printed. I have since
seen several, in other collections.
SIR ED'V ARD LITTLETON, &C. Voerst sc.
ED,\r AnD LITTLETON, &c. lord-keeper. Peake
h. s/z.
EDV_-\RDUS LITTLETON, &c. W. Faithorlle, 'lDzthout
his nanzc,. sold by Robert Peake,. suzall oval; scarce.
EDVARDUS LITTLETO
, &c. R. TVhzte; fol.
ED"r ARD LITTLETO
, &c. 8vo. in Clarendon.
Lord-keeper LITTLETON; lit" l\Toble Authors," by
Mr. Parh'.
.. It may not be improper here to inform some of my readers, that (I proof-pT'&lIt
is one of the first that are taken from a copper-plate. Il is generally known by the
strength and clearness of the impre!!sion, and having no inscription, which is sup-
posed to be added aftcrward. But a p'l'Ooj: simply, is used for any print wrought
off from a copper-platc, and answers to a copy of a book wrought off at the printing.
press.
OF ENGLAND.
15
ED'VAHD LITTLETON, &c. lord-keeper. 5
ent;
12JJlo.
There is an original of him in the long gallery at Gorhambury.
Edward, lord Littleton, descended from the famous Judge Lit-
tleton, author of the" Tenures," and was himself as eminent a
lawyer. "His very name," says Lloyd, "carried an hereditary credit
with it ;"* and the world knows, that the credit of it was never
carried higher than it was by the late lord. Sir Edward Coke, who
was far from being inclined to speak too favourably of any person
of his own profession, styled him "a well poised and weighed
man;" and he is well known to have held the balance of justice
even, when there was the greatest need of a steady hand. As
long as he kept the seal, he was careful never to Inisapp1y it: anu
when he could keep it no longer, he, with his own hands, delivered
it to the king. He died the 27th of August, 1645, and was then
colonel of a regiment of foot in Oxford. His principal work is
his" Rer,orts," published in 1683 1 folio.
Promoted
23 Jan.
1640-1.
Created
baron,
18 Feb. 2
8 Car. I.
RANULPHUS CRE'V, eques auratus, DUper
capitalis justiciarius ad placita coram rege tenenda
assignatus.
Hollar f.. 1664. This, and several
other good heads
f judges, by Hollar, are in Sir
'Villiam Dugdale's" Origines Juridiciales ;" fol.
Sir Randolph Crew was, in 1626, removed from his place, for
not promoting the loan. His example was followed by two or
three only of the judges. The rest ,vere willing to keep their
places; and soothed their consciences, by altering a clause in their
patent:t as if there were any material difference betwixt breaking,
laws already made, and making new ones without proper authority.
Sir Randolph died in 1642.
Promoted
26 Jan.
1624.
ROBERTUS HEATH, justiciarius, &c. Hollarf.
h. sll. ubi supra.
There is a portrait of him in the master's lodge, at St. John's
College, in Cambridge.
· cc State ,V orthies," p. 1003.
t May's U Breviary of the Hist. of the Par!." p.7.
Promoted
26 Oct.
1631.
164!.
Promoted
3 May,
1617.
16
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR ROBERT IIEATH. J. Thane.
Sir Robert Heath was, by the interest of the Duke of Bucking-
ham, made attorney-general in the reign of James 1.;* and in that
of Charles, constituted lord chief-justice of the Common Pleas. In
October, 1634, he was removed from his office, and ,vas, in 1640,
made a justice of the King's Bench. Lloyd speaks of him as a
man of a conscientious character; but he is contradicted by other
writers. His words are," When he doubted his Inajesty was ad-
vised to press too much upon the subjects, he, rather than go
against his conscience, quitted his place of chief-justice of the
King's Bench."t According to the Earl of Clarendon, he was made
lord chief-justice of that court, to attaint the Earl of Essex, and
Inany others, who were then in arms against the king.! It is
certain, whatever his character was, that he was obnoxious to the
parliament, and that he fled into France. He died at Calais in
1649, Æt. 75. He was author of " Maxims and Rules of Plead-
ing," 1694; 8vo.
SIR RICHARD HUTTON,ol)e of the justices
of the I(Ìng's Bench. W Hollarf. a s'llzalloval.
Sir Richard Hutton, who looked with more reverence upon the
laws than upon the king, pleaded for Hamden in the famous case
of ship-money. Charles, who knew his inflexible character, still
continued to call him "The honest judge." This excellent lawyer,
and good man, died in February, 1638. He made it his request,
that no sermon should be preached at his funeral, though many
of the clergy were very ready to do that justice for him. His
virtues, which could not be concealed, sufficiently spoke for them-
. Sir Anthony \V f'ldon tells us, that Sir Robert Heath and Lord Bacon paid
l)cnsions to the Duke of Buckingham, out of their places: but we must be cautious
in giving credit to this author, who was inclined to think and believe too much ill
of mankind, always to do them justice.- u Court and Character of King James,"
p. 129.
t U l\iemoirs," p. 584. He was not then chief-justice of the King's Bench.
See the H Summary of the Hist. of England," at the end of H Rapin's Hist." See
also the " Lives of the Chancellors," Artic. FINCH.
t Clarendon, II. p. 42. He is there said to have succeeded Sir John Bram-
stone, who was lord chief-justice of the King's Bench.
OF ENGLAND.
17
selves.. His" Argument," &c. concerning ship-money, was pub-
lished in quarto, 1641. His" Reports" have been twice printed;
the last edition in 1682, fo!'
GULIELMUS JONES, eques auratus, et utri-
usque banci justiciarius. W.
ïzfßrwin SC. Before his
" Reports ;" Jol.
Sir William Jones was of eminent skill in the municipal laws ; but
his memory suffers on account of his open judgment for ship-money;
the unhappy c.onsequences of which he did not live to see. He
was author of " Reports of divers special Cases in the King's
Bench and Common Pleas, from the eighteenth of King James r.
to the sixteenth of King Charles I." in French, folio. This book
is cited as First Jones's Reports, to distinguish it from the Reports
of Sir Thomas Jones, who flourished in the reign of Charles II.
Ob. 1640.
Promoted
to the Com-
mon Pleas,
the 16th of
Oct. 1624.
To tbe
King' !
Bench, the
3d of April,
1627.
GEORGIUS CROKE, eques auratus, et utriusque
banci justiciarius. Vaughan ð'C. h. sh.
SIR GEORGE CRook (Croke). Hollar J. a s1Jzall
oval.
GEORGIUS CROKE. Gaywoodf. h.sh.
GEORGI US CROKE. R. White SC. h. sh.
This, and the other heads, are before his " Reports."
4\1 I would have every man's virtues do the same; and am not at all concerned
that funeral sermons are now disused; though I have good materials of that kind
by me, and the practice of preaching them would be a considerable augmentation
of a small vicarage. It is always expected that something handsome should be said
of the deceased; and it is sometimes impossible for a preacher to satisfy his con-
science, and the expecting part of his audience. I was lately credibly informed,
that an honest clergyman in the country was obiiged to preach a sermon at the fu-
neral of a person who had very few virtues to counterbalance a great number of no-
torious vices; and that he summed up a very ambiguous panegyric on him, which
consisted almost wholly of negatives, by saying, that H As the world goes, be was a
tolerably honest man."
'VOL. III. D
Promoted
to the Com-
mon Plea!
the 11th of
Feb. 1623.
To the
King's
Bench, the
9th of Oct.
1628.
18
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR GEORGE CROKE. Crossse. 1664; to the "Con-
veyancer's Light."
Sir George Croke, son of Sir John Croke of Chilton, in Bucking-
hamshire, joined to a very uncommon natural capacity, all the in-
dustry requisite to make a figure in his profession; and what was
more to his honour than both, an invincible integrity. He pleaded
with his usual ability against ship-money; and his arguments in
that case are publised with Sir Richard Hutton's. He died the
15th of February, 1641. His" Reports," in three volumes, folio,
were published after his decease, by Sir Harbottle Grimston,
his son-in-law: the third edition was printed 1683. Of the same
family was - Croke, esq. of Chilton, who was notorious for
swearing a robbery against Mr. Robert Hawkins, the parson of his
parish, with whom he had a quarrel about tithes. The trial, which
contains a curious relation of much artful villany, and as artful
a discovery of it by Sir Matthew Hale, the judge, is in print.
SIR THOMAS MALLET. Cooper se. 4to. fro111
a drawing in the King's " Cla1"endon."
Sir Thomas Mallet, one of the judges appointed by King Charles
the First, coming under the displeasure of the House of Commons
for only being reported to have seen a petition from the county of
Kent, "that the militia might not be otherwise exercised in that
county, than the known law permitted; and that the book of Com-
mon Prayer, established by law, might be observed ;" was, by the
house, committed prisoner to the Tower, but shortly after regaining
his liberty, in the summer circuit sat as judge of assize at Maid-
stone, when some members of the House of Commons, under
the title of a committee of parliament, came to the bench; and,
producing some votes, orders, and declarations of one or both
houses of parliament, required of him that they should be read.
He told them" that he sat there by virtue of his majesty's commis-
sions, and that he was authorized to do any thing comprised in
those commissions; but he had no authority to do any thing else;
and, therefore, there being no mention, in either of his commissions,
of those papers, or the publishing any thing of that nature, he
could not, and would Dot do it." Finding no respect paid by the
judge -to their mission, the committee returned to the ho
se, where
OF ENGLAND.
19
they represented Judge Mallet " as the fomenter and protector of
a malignant faction against the parliament." Upon this charge, a
troop of horse was sent to attend an officer; who came with a war-
rant from the houses to Kingston, in Surrey, where the judge was
holding the general assizes for the county; and in a forcible and
violent Inanner took him from the bench, and carried him prisoner
to 'Vestminster; from whence, by the two houses, he was com-
mitted to the Tower of London, w bere he remained for the space
of above two years, witbout ever being cbarged with any particular
crime, till he was released by exchange of another person, wbose
liberation the parliament desired.
SIR ROBERT BARKLEY (BERKELEY), one of
the justices of the King's Bench. W. Hollar f. a s1nall
oval.
SIR ROBERT BERKELEY, knt. from an orig;inal
picture in the possession of Robert Berkeley, esq. of
Spetchly, his great-grandson. G. Powle f. 8vo. Tile
print exactly corresponds with the picture, which is ajust
likeness of him.
SIR ROBERT BERKELEY. Cross sc. 1664; in the
title to the" Conveyancer's Light."
SIR ROBERT_ BARKLEY; small oval. w: Richardson.
SIR ROBERT BERKELEY, with Alderman Abel;
wood-cut; curious. His monument in Spetchly church,
engraved also by Powle, is in Dr. Nash's "History
of 'V orcestershire."
Sir Robert Berkeley, who was the second son of Rowland
Berkeley, esq. of Spetchly, in Worcestersbire, was, by tbe female
line, descended from Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, who
flourished in the reign of Henry IV. and V. As he lived in an age
when the genius of the government had a
trong tendency to des..
Promoted
the 11th of
Oct. 1632.
20
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
potism, when the prerogative had been exerted upon almost every
emergency, and when the judges held their places during the plea-
sure of the king, he, with eleven of his brethren,. gave his opinion
for ship-money; and, if we may judge from the tenor of his con-
duct in private life, as well as upon the bench, from honest motives.
As he had been active in what he seems to have thought his duty,
and was a man of fortune, he was singled out by the parliauwnt as
a proper object of their vengeance. He was impeached of high-
treason, and adjudged to pay a fine of 20,000l. to be deprived of
his office of judge, and rendered incapable of holding any place, or
receiving any honour in the state or commonwealth; he was,
moreover, to be imprisoned in the Tower during the pleasure of the
House of Lords. Having made some " satisfaction" for his fine to
the parliament, he was, by their authority, discharged from the
whole, and set at liberty, after he had been upwards of seven
months in the Tower. He afterward suffered greatly by the plun-
derings and exactions of the rebels; and a little before the battle
. -of Worcester, the Presbyterians, though engaged in the king's ser-
vice, retained their ancient animosity against him, and burnt his
house at Spetchly to the ground. He afterward converted the
stables into a dwelling-house, and lived with content, and even
dignity, upon the wreck of his fortune. He was a true son of the
church of England, and suffered more from the seduction of his
only son Thomas to the church of Rome, at Brussels, than from all
the calamities of the civil war. He died on the 5th of August,
1656, in the seventy-second year of his age. Some of his descend-
ants are now in a flourishing state, at Spetchly, in 'V orcestershire. t
I am credibly infornled, that a great deal of his face has been
transmitted to his posterity.
SIR JOHN BRAMSTON. Cooper sc. 4lo. ft
oln
a drawing" in the King's " Clarendon."
Sir John Bramston, a man of great learning and integrity, was
made chief-justice of the King's Bench, in this reign, but without
any purpose of disfavour was by the king removed from that office,
· Namely, John Bramston, John Finch, Humphry Davenport, John Denham,
Richard Hutton, William Jones, George Croke, Thomas Trevor, George Vemon,
Francis Crawley, and Richard Weston.
t Flom authentic papers communicated by John Berkeley, of Charlton, esq.
OF ENGLAND.
21
in order to make way for Justice Heath to sit upon a commission
of Oyer and Terminer, to attaint the Earl of Essex, and many other
persons (who were in rebellion) of high-treason. The reason of
Sir John for declining this duty was, because he stood bound by
recognizance to attend the parliament, upon an accusation depend-
ing there against him.
Sir Jolin Bramston, it appears, was never out of favour with the
parliament; for in one of the humble addresses of both houses to
the king at Oxford, presented by the Earl of Northumberland, one
of the requests was, that his majesty would be pleased by his ,
letters patent, to make Sir John Bramston chief-justice of the
court of King's Bench: but it does not appear he ever acted in
that capacity after the appointment of Chief-justice Heath to that
office.
SIR JOHN GLANVILLE, Æt. 55, 1640, speaker
of the House of Commons in the short parlian1ent.
Clanlp sc.
SIR JOHN GLANVILLE; fol.
N. Gardinersc.
Sir John Glanville, younger son of John Glanville, Qf Tavistock,
in Devonshire, was bred an attorney, and studied the common law
in Lincoln's Inn. He became an eminent counsellor, and was
elected recorder of Plymouth, and burgess to serve that place in
several parliaments.. He was Lent reader of Lincoln's Inn, and
in 1639, made seljeant at law: the year following he was elected
speaker for that parliament which begun on the 13th of April,
in which he shewed himself active to promote the king's desires;
and the same year he became one of the king's serjeants, being
esteemed an excellent orator, and a good lawyer. In 1641 he re-
ceived the honour of knighthood from his majesty at Whitehall;
and when the king was forced to leave the parliament, he followed
him to Oxford, and was very serviceable to him. In 1645 he lost
his seat in parliament for his delinquency. He withdrew into
retirement; but when the king's cause declined he was committed
\
tit See his speech on the petition of right, ill the year 1628 (in Rushworth's Col-
lections, vol. i. p. 574). It may be considered as one of the most nervous, and
spirited, pieces of oratory in the English language.
22
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOR Y
to prison; although on nlaking a composition he was released.
In 1660, after the return of King Charles II. he was made his ser-
jeant. He died 1661, and was buried in the church at Broad Kirton,
in Wiltshire. See Harding's "Biographical Mirrour," " Wood's
Fasti," &c.
SIR WILLIAlVl NOY,* attorney-general. C.John-
. son p. 8vo.
WILLIAl\1 Nov, attorney-general to Charles I.
large ruff. Before his" COJ7zpleat Lawyer;" 8vo.
gIR WILLIAM: Noy, in a Van Dyck dress,' in an
oval. H. Meyer, 4to. (Faithorne.)
Promoted
1631.
William N oy, attorney-general, was, for his quick apprehension,
solid judgment, and retentive memory, equal, at least, to any of the
lawyers of his time. But with all these great, he had no amiable
qualities; he was ill-natured, haughty, and unpolite. He had the
principal hand in the most oppressive expedients for raising money
for the king, and seems not to have had the least notion of public
spirit. He was, in a word, a man of an enlarged head, and a con-
tracted heart. t See an account of his learned and judicious works,
in the" Athenæ Üxon." Ob. 9 August, 1634.
· In Archbishop Laud's II Diary," where his death is noted, he is styled ]}lr.
William Noy.
t Howel informs us, that his heart was literally contracted; II that it was shrivelled
like a leather penny purse, when he was dissected." See Howel's II Letter to Lord
Savage," vol. i. p. 241, which contains some particulars relative to the above cha-
racter.-l\fr. Hargrave, in his edit. of Coke upon Littleton, has the following note
at p.54. " As Lord Hale makes so frequent a reference to Noy's Reports, it may
not be amiss to apprise the student, that the book is known by the name of that
very learned lawyer, yet there is not tbe least reason to suppose that such a loose
collection of notes was intended by bim for the public eye. In an edition of Noy's
Reports, penes Edit01'em, there is the following observations upon them in manu-
script: A Simple Collection of Scraps oj Cases, made by Serjeant Sizer þ'om Noy's loose
Pape-rs; and imposed upon the World for the Reports oj that vile prerogative Fellow
Noy. This account of Noy's Reports, which was probably written soon after the
first publication in 1656, though expressed in terms inexcusably
ross, contains an
anecdote not altogether useless."
OF ENGLAND.
23
SIR DUDLEY DIGG.ES; froln all original pic-
ture by Cornelius Jansen, ill the possession of Thornas
Dowdeswell, esq. H. R. Cooke sc. 4to.
SIlt DUDLEY DIGGES; in an oval,. 'fne.zz. Woodbul'n
e,,'l'c. 8 vo .
Sir Dudley Digges wa-s Lorn in the year 1583; and in 1598
entered a gentleman commoner of University College, Oxford;
where, in 1601, he took the degree of bachelor of arts. He after-
ward studied the law in the inns of court, and having received the
honour of knighthood, commenced his travels, in order to improve
his skill in languages, and increase his general knowledge.
In 1618
King James sent him ambassador to the Emperor of
Russia; and two years afterward he was commissioned, with Sir
Maurice Abbot, to proceed to Holland to demand restitution of
some English property which had been seized by the Dutch in the
East Indies
He was a member of James's third parliament, which
met in January 1620-21 ; but he complied so little with the des-
potic measures of the court, that the king ranked him among the
number whom he was pleased to stigmatize by the phrase" ilI-
tempered spirits." He wàs likewise a member of the first parlia-
ment of Charles I. in 1626, and not only joined with those patriots
who were for bringing Villiers, duke of Buckingham, the king's
great favourite, to justice, but so strenuously exerted himself in the
business of the impeachment, as to be chosen one of its chief ma-
nagers; a conduct which gave such high offence, that the king
committed him to the Tower, together with Sir John Elliot, another
manager, who, like Digges, had descanted on the duke's guilt.
Within a few days, however, they were both released; Charles
finding it necessary to appease the storm, which thi8 arbitrary
arrest had produced.
In 1627-28, Sir Dudley was chosen a knight of the shire for
Kent in Charles's third parliament; in which it appears that his
opposition to the ministry was not so determined as before. In
the following year, when the commons were on the eve of being
dissolved, in consequence of their firm stand against the illegal
proceedings of the king, the speaker, Sir John Finch, interrupted
the business by saying, "There is a command laid upon me, that
I must order you not to proceed," and attempted to "go fo
th of
24
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his. chair,'
but was held in by force, till the house had voted a
strong protestation against innovations in religion, and levying the
subsidies of tonnage and poundage. On this occasion Sir Dudley
vented his uneasiness in these words: "I am as much grieved as
ever. Must we not proceed? let us sit in silence: we are miser-
able: we know not what to do."
The great talents of Sir Dudley, and his influence in the com-
mons, made the court consider it as a matter of the first impor-
ance to sway him, if possible, to their interest. Accordingly, in
1630, they tempted him with a reversionary grant of the honour-
able and advantageous office of master of the Rolls; which partly
answered the intent, as he accepted the grant on the 30th of N 0-
vember; yet, as no other parliament was called during tbe conti-
nuance of his life, how far his tergiversation might have been car-
ried is unknown. When tbe mastership became vacant, on the
decease of Sir Julius Cæsar in April, 1636, Sir Dudley was put into
possession, yet he did not enjoy it quite three years; for he died
on the 18th of March, 1638-39: his death, as his epitaph ex-
presses it, being" reckoned by the wisest men, among the public
calamities of the times." He was buried within a small chapel or
monument room, which he had himself caused to be erected in
Chilham churcb, Kent, in remembrance of his lady, who died in
May, 1631. Their issue was eight sons and three daughters: of
whom Dudley, the third son, was master of arts, and fellow of All
Souls College, Oxford. West Digges, the well-known comedian,
was great-grandson of Sir Dudley; he being the issue of John
Digges, by Elizabeth, daughter of John, lord Delaware.
SIR CHARLES CÆSAR, knt. master of the
Rolls; 4to. Il. fVilkillson eL1. ' C.
Sir Charles Cresar was the third son of Sir Julius, but by the
death of both his elder brothers became his heir. He was born
the 27th of Jan. 1589, educated at All Souls College, Oxford, ad.
lnitted doctor oflaws in that university Dec. 7th, 1612, and received
the honour of knighthood, at the palace of Theobalds, Oct. 6th, in
the succeeding year. He, like his father, first practised in the pro-
fession of the civil law, and, having held for some years in its court
the office of master of the faculties, was promoted to the now
obsolete station of judge of the court of audience, which then
OF ENGLAND.
25
1'anked with the highest in that branch ôf jurisprudence: like his
father also, he relinquished that profession for, or at least mingled
it with, that of a chancery lawyer, in which court he became a
master on the 30th of Sept. 1619. He rose too at length to the
important and dignified post of master of the Rolls, in which he
succeeded Sir Dudley Digges. True it is, however strange it may
appear, that he purchased the appointment of Charles the First, for
a sum of money, in the commencement of tllat unfortunate prince's
distresses. \Ve find in the MSS. of his second son, Mr. Charles
Cæsar, the following memorandum: "June the 14th, 1640, Sir
Charles Cæsar, knight, was sworn master of the Rolls in Chancery,
or assistant judge to the lord high-chancellor of England; for which
high and profitable office he paid to King Charles the First, 15,0001.
broad pieces of old gold; and lent the king 2,000l. more, when he
went to meet his rebeUious Scotch army, invading England."
He enjoyed the fruit of his purchase little more than two years,
for on the 6th of December, 1642, he fell a prey to the small-pox,
a malady peculiarly fatal in his family, aged 53.
Sir Charles Cæsar was twice married; first to Anne, daughter
of Sir Peter Vanlore, knight, an eminent merchant of London, by
whOln he had two daughters. His second lady was Jane, daughter
of Sir Edward Barkham, knight, an alderman of London, who
served the office of lord mayor in 1622.
DAVID JENKINS, a judge in the civil (common)
law; 4to. whole length,. rare.
DAVID JENKIXS, &c. Sl.r Eng'lish verses. fJZ M.
(lJIarshall) se. 121Jlo.
DA VID JENKINS; frontispiece to his Works, 1681;
12vlo.
David Jenkins, a Welsh judge, imprisoned and condemned
several persons for bearing arms against Charles I. for which he
was sent to the Tower. When he was brought to the bar of the
House of Commons, he peremptorily disowned their jurisdiction.
Expecting daily to be hanged, he came to a resolution to suffer
with the BibJe under one arm, and l\iagna Charta under the other.
VOJ... III. E
26
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
His vindication of himself, and several other occasional pieces of
his writing, \vere printed in 12mo. 1648, with his head by Marshall.
Ob. 1663, Æt. circ. 81.. Ant. Wood, for reflecting on the Earl of
Clarendon, in his account of this judge, in the" Athenæ Oxoni.
enses," vol. ii. p. 212, was sentenced to bave a copy of that book
burnt, to be fined thirty-four pounds, and e
pelled the university of
Oxford. See Granger's " Letters," p. 272.
llICHARDUS BROWNLO'V, armiger, capitalis
protonotarius in curia de Banco. T. Cross sc. 4to.
Æt. 86. Frontisp. to his I' Bret'ia Judicialia," fol.
RICHARDUS BRO'VN LO'VE, &c. T. Cross se. 4to.
Æt. 86; sornewhat differentfrom theformet'. Before his
U Declarations and Pleadings;" 4to.
Both these prints are evidently after an original of him which I
saw at Belton, in the library of the late Sir John Cust, bart. speaker
of the House of Commons. They are dated, Æt. 86; but it
appears from the original, that he was not so old when that was
pain ted.
Richard Brownlowe, esq. prothonotary of the King's Bench, was
founder of the Tyrconnel family. Besides the above-mentioned
works, he was author of a "Book of Entries," and joint-author
with J. Goldsborough, esq. of a book of" Reports." See \Vorrall's
" Catalogue of Law Books."
JOHANNES SELDEN US; ex tabula, in Biblio-
theca Bodleiana. Vandyck p. Fabel",jun.f. 1713; 4to.
4 Captain Jenkins, his great-grand!-on) was said to have had his ears cut off, in
the reign of George II. by a captain of a Spanish ship, who insultingly bid him
carry them to the king, his master: to this Mr. Pope alludes:
-- " The Spaniard did a waggisll thing,
'Vho cropt our ears, and sent them to the king."
This was a falsehood, propagated to inflame. A friend informed me, that be was in
the House of Commons when Captain Jenkins was examined before the parliament
concerning this affair; and that he then saw both his ears-:
nd that they were on
at the time of his death.'
O
. ENGLAND.
27
JOHANNES SEI
DENUS, jureconsultus. LeZy p. Vel"-
tue sc. 1725; It. she
JOHANNES SELDENUS. Before Dr. Pocock's edition
of " Eutychius," fol.
JOHANKES SELDENUS. Burghers sc. In the fron-
tispiece to the " Catalogue of the Bodleian Libra1"!!,'.
lvith thefollnder, and principal benefactors.
JOHANNES SELDEKUS. Van Hove sc. 1677; 12nlo.
JOHANKES SELDENUS. R. White sc. h. she
JOHAK
ES SELDEN, &c. a library ill the background;
10la" Latin verses. G. L. p. h. she scarce.
JOHANNES SELDE
US. J. Chantry sC. to his " Na-
tivity of Christ."
JOHN 8ELDEN.
Faithorne; J. Sturt.
JOHN SELDE
. P. Le(,l/,' W. Birch; 1789.
JOH
SELDEN. W. Holl sc. From the original of
1YIytcns, in the Bodleian Gallery, OL'l'ford.
John Selden, sometimes styled" The great dictator of learning
of the English nation," and pronounced by Grotius, his antagonist,
to be the glory of it, was a man of as extensive and profounà
knowledge as any of his age. He was thoroughly skilled in every
thing that related to his own profession; but the general bent of
his studies was to sacred and profane antiquity. The greater part
of his works are on uncommon subjects. Like a man of genius, he
was not content with walking in the beaten track of learning, but
was for striking out new paths, and enlarging the territories of
science. His" History of Tithes" gained him more enemies than
28 BIOGRAPHICAL HIST OR Y
any of his works, and his "Mare clausum usum" did him the
most honour.. Towards the close of his life, he saw the emp-
tiness of all human learning; and owned, that out of the num-
berless volumes he had read and digested, nothing stuck so cl03e
to his heart, or gave him such solid satisfaction, as a single passage
out of St. Paul's Epistles.t Ob. 30 Nov. 1654, and was buried on
the south side of the round walk in the Temple church. His
works were published in three volumes, folio, by Dr. David 'Vil-
kins, 1725.:
WILLiAM PRYNNE, esq. oval. Stent.
Another, .LEt. 40, 1640; four English verses.
W ILLIA
l PRYNNE. Hollar f. a s17zalloval. Under
the print, is an account of his being: pilloried, þened, and
imprisoned, for writing his " Histro-lJ;Iasti
',"
c.
W
ILLIAIvI PRYNNE, barrister at law; 8vo. in L01"d
Clarendon's " History."
WILLIAM: PRYNNE; 'Jnezz. R. DunJ,:arton-,. sllzall
quarto.
W ILLIAl\I PRYNNE; III
"tJJzollett's "History."
Benoist sc.
WILLI A 1\1 PR YNN E,. oval; in prison; four verses,
" Alljleslt is grass,"
c. a sheet of letter-press, with an
account of the places and tÙnes of imprisonment,
"c.
Æt. 49, 1653. In the rnanner of Hollar,. rare.
W ILLIA1\I PRY NN E, ]Jresenting' his book to King
Charles IL sheet,. scarce,. from his " Rec01"ds."
.. \Vritten against Grotius, of whom he had the advantage.
t Titus ii. 11-14.
Properly in six, though they arc sometimes hound in threc.-BINDLEY
OF ENGLAND.
29
In the Bodleian Gallery at Oxford, is a portrait said to be of
him; but I believe it to be of some other person. It belonged to
the late Dr. Rawlinson.
'Villiam Prynne, a man of sour and austere principles, took upon
himself the office of censor, and boldly stepped forth to correct every
enormity in church and state. He wrote against bishops, players,
long hair, and love-locks; and was therefore dignified by his party
with the appellation of Cato. He was a man of great reading; and
there appear in his writings a copiousness without invention, and a
vehemence without spirit. Mr. Wood supposes that he wrote a
sheet for every day of his life, computing from the time of his
arrival at man's estate. He says, "His custom was, when he
studied, to put on a long quilted cap, which came an inch over his
eyes, serving as an umbrella to defend them from too much lig'ht;
and seldonl eating a dinner, would every three hours, or more, be
nlaunching a roll of bread, and now and then refresh his exhausted
spirits, with ale."* To this Butler seems to allude, in his address
to his muse:
" Thou that with ale, or viler liquors,
Didst inspire Withers, Prynne, and Vicars;
And teach them, though it were in spight
Of nature, and their stars, to write."
This voluminous rhapsodist gave his works, In forty volul11e
folio and quarto, to the society of Lincoln's Inn. There is a cata-
logue of them in the "Athenæ Oxonienses." The most valuable
of his performances by far, is his" Collection of Records," in four
large volullles, which is a very useful work.t Ob, 24 Oct. 1669.
ROBERT AYLETT, master in Chancery, IG35,
Æt. 52. T. Cross f. 8vo. It is before his "Divine
and Moral Speculations," in verse, 1654; Svo. Copied
by W. RichardsfJn.t
· II Athenæ Oxon." ii. col. 434.
t After the restoration, he was made chicf-ke('pcl' of the records in the Towl'r,
with a salary of 500t. a year.
f The print may be placed here, Ilt::l.t to the common lawyer:,; or after Richard
Brownlow, esq. in this clas,.
30
BIOGRAPHICAI
HISTORY
Robert Aylett was educated at Trinity Hall, in Cambridge,
where, in 1614, he commenced doctor of laws. It was his usual
practice to relax himself after his severer studies with poetry.
Besides the book just mentioned, he wrote" Susanna, or the
Arraignment of the two Elders," in verse, Lond. 1622, 8vo. IVlr.
Wood starts a question, * whether he was author of " Britannia
Antiqua Illllstrata, or the Antiquities of ancient Britain derived frOlll
the Phænicians," published under the name of Aylett Sammes; but
said to be written by his uncle. Certain it is that the nominal
author was unequal to it; though much learning and labour have
been spent on that wild work to very little purpose.
DR. ISAAC DORISLAUS, assassinated at the
Hag'lte, lIIay 12, 1649; Iroln an original dra1üiJlg in
the collection of Sir John St. Auhyn. l
Richardson e.1?c.
8vo.
DR. ISAAC ÐORISLAUS; in Caulfield's" High Court
of Justice;" 8vo.
DR. ISAAC DORfSLAUS, standing, with e1Jzhle1Jls of
Tinle and Truth. C. Pass; scarce.
There is a curious Dutch print of his assassination;
4to.
Doctor Dorislaus was a native of Holland, a scholar and a gen-
tleman, who came to England to prosecute his studies: he resided
for a considerable time in the university of Oxford, where he ob-
tained a degree as a doctor of laws, and became likewise a cele-
brated professor there; at the commencement of the civil war, he
became judge-advocate in the parliament arroy.-He was in the
habit of strict intimacy with Sir Henry Mildmay, at whose house, in
Essex, he is reproached with ordinarily playing at cards on Sundays,
and that it was through Sir Henry's means he was employed to draw
up the charge against King Charles the First; the rather, as no
Englishman could be found hardy enough to undertake the same!
· "Fasti," ii. col. 207.
OF ENGLAND.
31
this however appears to be little more than surmise, for if a Brad-
shaw as president, and a Cook as solicitor-general, to recite the
charge in open court, could be procured, what doubt can be enter-
tained, but similar individuals should have been found with equal
intrepidity to undert
ke, at any rate, a task of tqual daring?
After the execution of the king, Dorislaus was selected by the
parliament as a fit person to go as their envoy to the states-gene-
ral; it being imagined he would be better received in that capacity,
as their own countryman, than any other person; and the know-
ledge he possessed of most traRsactions during the progress of the
war, rendered him every way qualified to place the actions of the
British government in the mo!t favourable light. He arrived at the
tlague in his quality of foreign minister in May, 1649; but the first
night, as he was at supper, one Colonel Whitford, a Scotchman
(then attending the king's court), with about twelve other royalists,
regretting and disdaining the affront done to the king, by the impu-
dent boldness of Dorislaus' address to the States in the face of his
majesty, entered his lodging, and with a broad sword cleaved his
head and killed him, suffering his page to escape; but, by a mis-
take, wounding another Dutchman for him at their first coming in ;
and, having done the deed, quietly departed: and though the States
pretended a hue and cry, yet the people were generally well satis-
fied, and applauded the execution. The government of England,
on the contrary, as soon as intelligence of this assassination reached
London, was highly exasperated, and set forth a declaration, wherein
they imputed this fact to the royalists, and upon the next occasion
threatened to retaliate it upon those of that party then in their
hands; notwithstanding which, Anthony Ascham, their agent and
envoy to the court of Spain, some time after, with his interpreter
Signior Riba, was served in the same manner, on his arrival at
Madrid at his inn, by one Sparks, and other English merchants,
upon the same account. When Sparks fled to the Venetian ambas-
sadors, and thence to sanctuary, from which he was, however, soon
taken, and publicly executed.
The war which broke out between the Commonwealth and the
states of Holland in 1655, was, in great part, occasioned by the
public affronts offered to the ambassadors of the former, Dorislaus,
and St. John, in the very presence of the states-general: and they
gave the Dutch a taste of their displeasure, by their act, forbidding
fOff'ign ships to trade hither.
32
BI UG RAPHICA L HISTORY
A SCOTCH LAWYER.
SIR ALEXANDER GIBSON (his name not
inscribed). D. Paton dclin. R. White se. judge's robes;
laced eap; largoe beard.
Sir Alexander Gibson, of Durie, one of the senators of the college
of Justice, was author of " Decisions of the Lords of Council in
Scotland, in cases of importance, frmll July, 1641, to 1642, with
the Defenders and Pursuers' Names," fol. Edinburgh, 1690. The
head is prefixed to this book.
SIR THOMAS HOPE; fronz the orig'inal, by
Janzesolle, iiz the possession of the Earl of Hopetoun.
E. Harding se. 8vo.
This eminent lawyer was the son of Henry Hope, a merchant of
Edinburgh, who had many commercial transactions with Holland,
where he afterward resided, and where he married Jacque or Jac-
queline de Tott..
His son Thomas soon distinguished himself at the bar: and was
made king's advocate in 1627, when he was also created a baronet
by King Charles I. He however attached himself to the Cove-
nanters, and was consulted by them in all difficult points. The
king nevertheless, perhaps either to render him suspected to that
party, or with a view to win him over, appointed him commissioner
to the general assembly in August, 1643.
Sir Thomas Hope died in 1646, leaving large estates to three
sons; the youngest, Sir James, being ancestor of the Hopetoun
family, which arose to great wealth from his marriage with Anne,
heiress of John Foulis of Leadhills, in Lanarkshire, these mines
being an unfailing source of opulence.
The works of Sir Thomas Hope on the Scotch law continue to be
valued: they are his Minor Practics, and his Decisions. He also
wrote some Latin poems, and an a
count of the Earls of Mar.
· A second son W<lS, it is believed, the ancestor of the famous Hopes of Am-
sterdam.
OF ENGI
AND.
33
CLAS S VII. '"
OFFICERS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY.
FIRST DIVISION.
OFFICERS OF THE KING'S ARMY.
As the generality of the persons mentioned in the ensuing Class
were soldiers by accident, the accounts of them will, for the most
part, be found in other Classes: most of the general officers are
placed here.
" SIR JOHN BURGH, knight,* descended from
the house of the Lord Burgh, and heir-male to the
barony; captain of an English foot company' in the
United Provinces; governor of Frankendale; colonel
of a regiment of foot in the expedition with Count
Mansfield; colonel-general in the Isle of Rhee, where
he was slain with a musket-bullet,
-September 11,
1627." T. Cecill sc. very scarce.-Prefixed to a very
scarce poetical quarto pamphlet, called, "The De-
scription of that ever-to-be-falned knight, Sir John
Burgh, colonell-general of his Majesties armie, with
his last service at the Isle of Rhee, and his unfortu-
nate death then when the armie had most need of
such a pilote. Written by Robert Markham, captain
{)f a foote con1pany in the same regiment; and shot
also in the same service." Printed 1628.
Sir John Burgh, the brave governor of Frankendale, was of the
same family, but not the same person with Sir John Burgh, who
· He is placed here in order of time, not to interfere with the officers wbo com
Jßanded in the civil war.
VOJ... III.
F
34
BIOGRAPIIÍCAL JIISTOR Y
was lieutenant-general to Sir )V alter Raleigh, in his expedition to
Panama, and who.took the great and rich ship called the Madre de
Dios. They were both descended from Sir Thomas Burgh, lord
Burg:l of Gainsborough. The elder Sir John died in 1593; and the
younger 011 the lIth, or rather the 20th, of September, 1627, in the
41st year of his age.* He was one of the best soldiers of his time,
and greatly distinguished himself by his active and passive valour.
His portrait is among the rest of Sir Horace Vere's captains, at
Lord Townshend's, at Raynham, in Norfolk. Sir James Burrow,
fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, is of the same family,
and has another portrait of him. I frankly own, that I fancied the
elder and younger Sir John Burgh to have been the same person,
and should have continued in that mistake, if this learned and
ingenious gentleman had not, with his pen, cleft in two my phan-
tom, which was of a substance too gross ever to re-unite.
THOMAS HOW ARDUS, comes Arundeliæ et
Surriæ, &c. An. 1639,
contra Scotos, supremus et
generalis militiæ dux. A. Vandyck p.
Hollar f.
1646; h. sh. See Class II.
HENRY RICH, earl of Holland, lord-general, &c.
Stent h. sh.
Henry Rich, earl of HoHand, was lord. general of the horse under
the Earl of Arundel, in the expedition against the Scots, in 1639.
He was sent with a considerable part of the army, to engage a
small body of the Scottish forces under General Lesley, but retired
without striking a stroke. See Class III.
· In a manulìcript copy of poems by George Lawder, afterward an officer of
high rank in the service of the States GeneraJ, there is an epitaph on Sir John Bur-
rows, as there called; it ends thus:
II To tell thee who it is, let this suffice,
Here noble, valiant, leam'd, brave Burrows lies." -LORD HAILES.
OF ENGLAND.
35
OFFICERS BELONGING TO THE NORTHERN DIVI-
SION OF THE ARl\1Y, UNDER THE EARL OF
NEWCASTLE AND PRINCE RUPERT; ACCORD-
ING TO THE LIST OF THE ROYAL AND PARLIA-
MENTARY FORCES, PRINTED IN 1642; 4to.
'VILLI AM CAVENDISH, earl of Newcastle, general of the
foot. See Class III.
WILLIAM VILLIERS, viscount Grandison, lieutenant-general
of the foot. See Class III.
SIR WILLIAM DA VENANT, poet-Iaureat, was a great fa-
vourite of the Earl of Newcastle, who appointed him lieutenant-
general of his ordnance;* but it was thought that he might easily
have found a person much better qualified for that command. We
read, that Alexander took Homer's Works with him in his expedi-
tions; but it is not probable that he would have taken the poet
himself, if he had been then living. V oltaire informs us, t that
Lewis XIV. in his pompous expedition to Flanders, was attended
by Vander Meulen the painter, and Pelisson the historian, to design
and record his victories; but he does not say that he took Boileau
with him to sing them;1: and, if he did, he knew better how to em-
ploy him than to make him a lieutenant-general. See the next
reign.
SIR FRANCIS 'VORTLEY, col. of the fifth regiment of foot,
under the Earl of Newcastle. See Class IX.
ENDYMION PORTER, col. of the seventh regiment of foot.
See Class VIII.
COLONEL JOHN BELLASYSE, co!. of the ninth regiment of
.. His name is not in the list above mentioned.
t 'SiecIe de Louis XIV."
t He did take Boileau, and Racine too, as his histriographers along with him in
one of his campaigns.-LoRD ORFORD.
Boileau and Racine were taken to be present at one of Lewis's campaigns of
parade, where the king rode in a great state coach filled with ladies.-LoRD
HAILES.
36
BIOGRAPHICA.L HISTORY
foot, and afterward a lieutenant-general. See Lord BELLASYSE
in the next reign.
SIR CHARLES LUCAS, col. of the twelfth regiment of foot.
He had the command of the Earl of Newcastle's horse, at the battle
of Marston 1\1001', where he signalized that valour for which his
family were distinguished;* but was, after the utmost exertion of
it, forced to yield to the determined Cromwell. His head is de-
scribed in the eighth Class, with that of Sir George Lisle.
EDWARD NICHOLAS, secretary of state, commanded a troop
of horse under the Earl of Newcastle.t
RUPERT, prince Palatine, general of the horse, &c. 1642.
See Class I.
GEORGE, lord Digby, had the command of two troops of horse
under Prince Rupert. See Class III.
ARTHUR, lord Capel, commanded two troops of horse. See
Class III.
THE FOLLO'\VING OFFICERS ACTED
CHIEFLY IN THE WEST.
WILLIAM SEYl\10UR, marq,,-is of Hertford, general, &c. See
Class III.
.
RALPH, lord Hopton, baron of Stratton; Z'll
armour; band,
'c.
RALPH, lord Hopton, his majesty's general of the
western army. Frolll a painting; in Sir Jacob Astley's
hands. Vandergucht sc. 8vo.
.. \Ve read on the monument of his sister, the Dutchess of Newcastle, in West.
minster Abbey, that II all the brothers were valiant, and all the sisters virtuous."
t See the" List oíthe Armies," 1642. His portraits belong to the Interregnum,
. and the reign of Charles II.
OF ENGLAND.
37
The lord HOPTON ; from a picture at the Honourable
A1'tlzllr Onslow's, esq. Vertue se. One of the set of
Loyalists. There is a print of hinz on horseback, by
S/zerwin.
SIR RALPH HOPTOX, governor of Bristol, &c. 'lvlzole
length, sing'ula]'ly dressed ,. troops 1JzareJÛng' in the baelc
g;rollnd. 5hld by TV: Bentley; very rare.
Ralph, lord Hopton, a nobleman of admirable accomplishments
of body and mind, was trained up in a good school of war in the Low
Countries. After exerting himself in the House of Commons, in
the royal cause, he retired into the west; where, in a few l11onths,
he raised a formidable army, and fortified no less th
n forty garri-
sons. He was so great a master of discipline, that his army moved
as one man; and was, in every re
pect, different from those licen-
tious and tumultuous rabbles, of which there were many instances
in the civil war, that more resembled a herd of banditti, than a well
appointed army. His victory at Stratton, which was the most sig-
nal in the course of that war, is an astonishing instance of what de-
termined valour can effect. He weB knew how to improve it, and
it was oI;lly an earnest of several others. After he had done as
much as courage, conduct, and activity could do, he, for want of
.suppJies, was forced to retire before Fairfax; and approved hÎ1nself
as great a general in his retreat, as he had done before in his vic-
tories. He died at Bruges, in September, 1652. See Sir W IL-
LIAM \V ALLER in this Class.
Created
a baron,
19 Car. I.
I\Iay 16,
1643.
PRINCE MAURICE, general of the West. See Class I.
GEORGE, lord Goring (general, &c.) Vandergucht
8C. A pag;e putting on his sword; 8vo.
George, lord Goring, was a man of ready wit, good understand-
ing, and clear courage; but too mercurial to be at the head of an
army, and too vicious to be in any station, where example could
corrupt. He was so totally devoid of principle, that he was under
no check or restraint from any laws human or divine. But such
were the sprightliness of his behaviour, and the sallies of his wit,.
38
llIOGRAPHICA.L HISTORY
July 3,
1644.
that those who detested his character, could never hate his person.
That part of the country where his army lay, was a scene of ravage
and licentiousness; and he was generally, in effect, doing the work
of the enemy.- At the battle of l\larston Moor, he totally routed
the left wing of the Scottish army; and was brave and resolute in
his defence of Colchester. Having gained his pardon, but lost his
estate, he retired, in the time of the Interregnum, to the little court
of Charles II. and his manners were perfectly adapted to it, when
it rose to the height of frolic and debauchery. In the 20th year of
Charles I. he was created earl of Norwich. HE' died suddenly in
1663; some say in 1662.
ROBERT DORl\IER, earl of Caernarvon. Van-
dyck p. Vertue se. Front an orig'illal at }Vilton. One of
tlte set of Loyalists.
ROBERT, earl of Caernarvon. Vandyck p. Baron se.
a lal
'e head. 1"'1zis seenlS to have becn done froul {[
tracing' taken frol1l tlte jine fi17Jlily picture, at tVilloJl.
His portrait, together with that of his lady, by Vandyck, is also
at Longleat.
ROBERT DORl\IER, earl of Caernarvon (general of
the horse). Vanderg'ueht se. 8vo.
The Earl of Caernarvon, though he seemed born for the camp,
never ...thought of commencing soldier before he was roused to action
from a principle of loyalty. He was vigilant, active, and patient in
his command; and wanted only experience to be an accomplished
general. He was quick in discerning any advantage over the
enemy, eager to lay hold of it, and steady to pursue it. He dis-
tinguished himself in every action in which he was engaged, and
particularly in the memorable battle of Roundway Down. After
he had defeated a part of the enemy's horse, at Newbury, he feU
· It is said that 'Villiam, prince of Orange, thus expressed himself, u I could
not understand how my father-in-law proved so unfortunate. in war, till I became
acquainted with his gencrals."-LoRD HAILES.
OF ENG LAND.
39
by the ignoble hanel of a straggling trooper, who ran him through
the body.. Just as he was expiring, a certain nobleman came to
him, to ask him if he had any request to make to his majesty, as-
suring hiln that it would be punctually fulfilled. He replied, "I
will not dje with a suit in my lllouth, but to the King of kings."
He died the 20th of September, 1643. The king, who justly re-
spected him as one of the bravest and most accomplished persons
in his army, was extremely sensible of his loss.
BEVILLUS GRANVIL, &C. Æt. 39, 1640. By
Faithorne, but 'without his nanze; 4to. Before the Q.:tford
Verses Oil his Death.
SIR BEVIL GRANVILLE. G. Vertlie sc. Front an
original, ill the possession of Lord Lansdown. One of
tlie set of Loyalists.
SIR BEVIL GRANVILLE, LEt. 39, 1640. JaJJzes
Fittler, in Prince's" Wort/Ûes of Devon /' 4to. 1810.
SIR BEVIL GltANVILLE. R. Cooper sc. Private plate;
engraved for the lJIarqllis of Buckinglzal1z.
The following verses, which are as perfect an examp1e of the
bathos as any Longinus has given us of the sublime, are under the
head. They are taken from the Oxford verses written upon his
death, soon after the battle of Lansdown:
U Thus slain thy valiant ancestor did lie,
When his one bark a navy did defy;t
JVhere shall the next fam'd Granville's ashes stfUld?
Thy gmndsire'sfill the sea, and thine the land."
SIR BEVIL GUANVILLE (CO!. of a regiment, under
Lord Hopton); 8vo.
Sir Bevil Granville, one of the worthiest and most popular men
in the county of Cornwall, had a principal hand in every signal ex-
Fuller's II '\Vorthies," in Bucks, p. 141.
t See the reign of Elizabetb, Class VII.
40 BIOGIlAPJIICAL HISTORY
July 5,
1643.
ploit in that great scene of action. He was killed, bravely fighting,
at the battle of Lansdown, near Bath. He contributed greatly to
the defeat of the parliament arnlY; but the royalists knew not how
to esteem that as a victory, which was purchased with the life of so
excellent a person.
SIR THOMAS BYRON; fro/lz a dra'lving ill the
King's "Clarendon." R. Cooper sc. 8vo.
Sir Thomas Byron, a gentleman of great skill and courage, had
the command of the Prince of Wales's regiment at the battle of
Hopton Heath; and charged the enemy with great slaughter, after
the death of the Earl of Northampton, who was slain in the fight;
but night coming on, and the place being found full of coal-pits
and holes, dangerous to cavalry, Sir Thomas deemed it prudent to
defer farther fighting until the morning, and stood all that night in
the field, though severely wounded by a shot in the thigh; but
when Illorning came, there was no enemy to be seen, for as soon
as night drew on they had left the field, in hope that their
cattered
horse would find them in quarters more remote from danger .-Sir
Thomas Byron, and the troops under his c.ommand (many of which
were wounded), retired to refresh themselves at Stafford; after they
had taken the spoils off the field, and buried their dead.
He continued to serve the king with unabated zeal and vigilance,
but at length the total ruin of the royal cause, compelled him to
seek his personal safety in private seclusion; until the troubles of
the time became a little abated.
COL. GILES STRANGEW A YS -rlistinguished himself on se-
veral occasions in the civil war. See an account of this active and
worthy loyalist in the next reign.
SIR NICHOLAS SLANNING; from a drawing
in the ](ing;'s "Clal"endon." R. Cooper sc. 4to.
SIR NICHOLAS SLANNING; in an oval. Rodd eJ/c.
8vo.
Sir Nicholas Slanning, knight, and governor of Pendennis Castle,
was a native of the county of Devon, and born in the parish of
OF ENGLAND.
41
Dicklegh, not far from the tOWh of Plymouth.-After spending
some time in the university of Oxford, he went into the Low Coun-
tries, at that time as great an acaùemy of arms, as the other was of
arts. Here he continued, until he became Inaster of the art of
war. Thus excellently accomplished, he returned into England,
and taking the court in his way home, received the honour of
knighthood fronl the hand of Charles I. and shortly after married
a daughter of Sir James Bagg;, of Saltern, near Plymouth, knt. by
whom he left issue, one son, Sir Nicholas Slanning, knight of the
Bath at the coronation of King Charles II. and created a baronet
1662.
When the contentions between the king and parliament ran to
that height, as to break out into open war, Sir Nicholas, who had a
seat in the House of Commons for one of the western boroughs,
was appointed by the king to the weighty trust of Pendennis Castle,
a port of great importance opposite the coast of France, from whence,
at that time, supplies might be expected, lying in the Levant. Spa-
nish, Indian, and Irish road; where most merchants touch, and
many are driven.
In the year 1643, the loyal gentry of the western parts entered
into an association, to assis t the king against the parliament then in
arms against him: they met first in a great body near Pendennis, in
Cornwall, where Sir Nicholas joined them with the forces under
his command, and the whole was led by Sir Bevil Granville, and
marched into Somersetshire.
Sir 'Villiam 'V aller, the parliament's general, met theln at Lans-
down, a little beyond Bath, where, intending to break this western
association, he was beaten out of his lines; though to effect this, it
cost the royalists the lives of many gallant men.-Sir Nicholas
Slanning was engaged in this action, and is reported to have done
wonders, in advancing from hedge to hedge, in the front of his men,
in the mouths ûf muskets and cannon.-Soon after the western
forces marched towards Bristol, and sat down before that city, then
garrisoned by Colonel Fiennes for the parliament. Prince Rupert,
the general for the king, attacked it so vigorously, that after three
days'siege he had that important place surrendered into his hands.
Sir Kicholas Slanning greatly distinguished himself on this occa-
sion, but his courage and impetuosity carrying hiln a little too far,
as he made a brave asscl.ult on the town, on the 26th of July, 164
,
he was unfortunately slain, to the great grief of all the army.
I-Ie was one of those noble gentlemen which were called the four
VOL. III. G
42
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
wheels of Charles's wain, all Devonshire or Cornish men, and all
slain at or near the same place, at the same time, and in the same
cause; according to an ode made upon the occasion, in which they
are thus mentioned:
The four wheels of Charles's wain,
Granville, Godolphia, Trcvannion, Slanning slain.
SIDNEY GODOLPHIN. Clamp se. In Harding's
" Biogra}Jhical MirrOlll";" 1793.
SIDNEY GODOLPHI
; 4to.
Sidney Godolphin, second son of Sir William Godolphin, in the
county of Cornwall, became a commoner of Exeter College, in Ox-
ford, from whence he was removed to one of the inns of court. He
afterward travelled into foreign countries, and accompanied the
Earl of Leicester in his embassy to the court; where his excellent
disposition, manners, and qualifications, made him very acceptable.
Though every body courted his company, yet he loved very much to
be alone, being in his constitution fond of retirement among his
books, and inclined to melancholy. Yet the civil war no sooner
began than he put himself into the first troops, which were raised
in the west for the king, and bore the dangers and fatigue of
winter marches with an exemplary courage and alacrity. By too
brave a pursuit of the enemy into an obscure village in Devonshire,
he was shot with a musket, upon which, without saying any word
more than-" Oh God, I am hurt!" he fell dead from his horse,
1642-3. His death occasioned excessive grief to all who knew
him, and was an irreparable loss to the public.-He lived in inti-
macy with tbe famous Thomas Hobbes, though of very different
sentiments, and by his last will bequeathed him 200l.
COLONEL JOHN TREV ANNION; froln a
dra'wÙlgo in the King's "Clarendon;" 8vo.
Colonel John Tr{1vannion, a Cornish gentleman, heir to a con-
siderable fortune, on the general rising in that county on the part
of Charles I. in conjunction with Sir Bevil Granville, Sir Nicholas
Slanning, and John Arundell (all four of them members of the
OF ENGLAND.
43
House of Commons, and therefore exactly acquainted with the
desperate humours of the adverse party), undertook to raise regi-
ments of volunteers: many young gentlemen, of the most consider-
able families of the county, assisted them as inferiQr officers; so
that within a shorter time than could be expected, from one single
county, was raised a body of near fifteen hundred foot, armed,
and well disciplined for action; at the head of which, and such a
body of horse and dragoons as they could muster, they advanced
to Tavistock, in Devonshire, to join the Earl of Stamford, the Lord
Mohun, and Sir Ralph Hopton.
Col. Trevannion distinguished himself with great gallantry, in
several actions, but was unfortunately killed at the taking of Bristol,
from a wound in the thigh by a musket-ball. He had scarcely
attained the age of twenty-eight; and was equally regretted by the
army, and his royal master in particular.
OFFICERS OF DISTINCTION, 'VHO ACTED
IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE KINGDOM.
ROBERTUS BARTY, comes Lindsæi, &c.
Miel'evelt p. Voel'st sc. 1631. UZ Webb eL
'cud. scarce.
ROBERTUS BARTY, comes Lindsæi, &c. Geldorp p.
Voerst sc. h. she
ROBERTUS BARTY, &c. Geldorp p. Voerst sc. 4to.
ROBERT, earl of Lindsey. C. Johnson p. Houbraken
sc. 1742. In the possession of Charles Bertie, esq.
Illust. Head.
ROBERT B ERTlE, earl of Lindsey. Vandyck p.
Vertue sc. From a painting at the Dulie of Ancaster's.
One of the set qf Loyalists.
ROBERT, earl of Lindsey (when Lord 'Villoughby
4-1
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of Eresby); on horseback, 'with the Earl of Esse:t';
'rare. See Essex.
ROBERT BERTIE, earl of Lindsey, lord-general, &c.
Ul arnlOllr.
ROBERT BARTUE (Bertie), earl of Lindsey, his
majesty's general; 8vo.
Robert Bertie, earl of Lindsey, son of Peregrine, lord 'Vil-
loughby, of Eresby, inherited all the martial spirit of his fat11er.*
In the reign of Elizabeth, he was at the siege of Amiens, under Sir
John Baskerville and Sir Arthur Savage; and that of Cadiz, under
the Earls of Essex and Nottingham, where he was knighted for his
gallant behaviour. He had a share with George, earl of Cumber-
land, and other persons of eminence, in several adventures; and.
was one of those brave Englismen who, in the late pacific reign,
distinguished themselves in the Low Countries, under Prince lVIau-
rice, and had the honour of contributing to the victories of that
great general. In 1635, he was constituted lord high-admiral of
England,t and sent out with a fleet of forty sail, to maintain the
dominion of the Narrow Seas; and upon the breaking out of the
civil war, he was appointed general of the king's forces. He was
mortally wounded at the battle of Edge-hill, where the royalists
claimed the victory. But the loss of so able a comman
ler was irre-
parable, and his death was alone equal to a defeat. Ob. 23 Oct. 1642.
l\IONTAGU BERTIE, earl of Lindsey, &c.
ill arnlOllr. Vandyck p. Faitllorne sc. lz. slz. finely eu-
g'raved, and very scarce.
Montagu Bertie, earl of Lindsey, son of the former, and heir of
his loyalty and valour, greatly distinguished himself at Edge-hill in
endeavouring to rescue his father, after whose death he seems to
have attached himself to the king with the affection of a son, as
.. Peregrine, lord 'Villoughby, offered to meet ß person, who sent him a very
impertinent challenge when he had the gout in his hands and feet, with a piece of a
rapier in his teeth. Queen Elizabeth called his son" the young general," and of-
fered to stand gollmother to him. "Diog. Britain.>' Art. Ih.nTlE.
t He was also lord high-chamberlain in this reign.
OF ENGLAND.
45
we1J as tbe duty of a subject. He commanded the life-guards in
several of tbe most considerable battles which were foug'ht in the
course of the civil war, and was wounded in that of Naseby. HIS
affectionate regard to his unhappy sovereign was conspicuous after
his death; he attended his body to the grave, and paid his last duty
to him with tears. He, after the restoration, lived in retirement
with dignity, and approved himself an example of a better age. He
died at Camden-house, in Kensington, the 25th of July, 1666.
He married two wives; from the first of whom the Duke of Ancaster
is descend.ed, and from the second the Earl of Abingdon.
" SIR JACOB ASTLEY, created lord Astley,
baron of Reading; field-marshal, and serjeant-n1ajor-
general of his majesty's arnlY; lieutenant-general of
the forces in the counties of \V orcester, Gloucester,
Hereford, and South \Vales; governor of the garrisons
of Oxford, Rea,ding, &c." ilI. VllJlderg'llcht se. J?roJJl
all orig'inal paintinp; at Sir Jacob Astley's hOllse, called
" The Palace" at J1Iaidstonc, -.in ](ent,. 8vo.
There is a portrait of him by W orlidge, done for Sir Ed ward
Astley; 8\ o.
Sir Jacob Astley served in the Netherlands under Prince Mau..
rice, and his brother Henry; and afterward under Christian IV.
king of Denmark, and Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden. He
was, for his signal services, created baron of Reading, 20 Car. I.
He was among the first that entered into the service of that mo-
narch, and his last hopes, in the decline of his affairs; but this
brave and loyal old soldier was totally defeated with the remnant
of the royal army, near Stow in the ,V ould, in Gloucestershire, th>
21st of March, 1645-6. Ob. 1651.
There is, in Lord Clarendon's, "l-listOJ:lj,
' {lJl octavo
prillt by Vanderg;ucht, of SIR BERNARD ASTLEY,
son of Sir Jacob.
SIR BERN ARD ASTLEY; neatly etched by TVorlidg'c
'
COJllpanioll to the one of his father, by the SllJne artist.
46
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOR Y
He had the command of a regiment in the civil war, and sig-
nalized his courage at the siege of Bristol, and the second battle
of Newbury.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston. Vertlle
sc. Fronz a picture of the late Duke of KiJl,gston's, who
'lvas descended fronz hÙn. One of the set of Loyalists.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston ; from a pic-
ture in the possession of W. Bryant, esq. B. Reading sc.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston. J.Nutting.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston ;froJJz a silver'
'IJlcda l.
Robert Pierpoint, earl of Kingston, who was popularly called
"the good," was lieutenant-general of the king's forces in the
counties of Lincoln, Rutland, Huntingdon, Cambridge, and N 01'-
folk. He was very active in executing the royal commission of
array, in opposition to the militia, and his success was answerable
to his activity. He, in a short time, brought to the king four
thousand men; two thousand of whom entered into his service; and
the rest supplied him with arms and money, to the amount of
24,0001. He was surprised, at Gainsborough, by Lord Willoughhy
of Parham, and hurried aboard a pinnace, which was ordered to
convey him to the garrison at Hull. The vessel was chased by
Colonel Cavendish, and happened to run aground upon a shallow.
The royalists peremptorily demanded the prisoner, who was as pe..
remptorily refused. The rebels, to deter them from firing, exposed
the earl upon deck; where he and a faithful servant were killed by
a shot, which was intended for the enemy. Ob. 30 July, 1643.
SIR EDMUND VERNEY, standard-bearer to
Charles I. Rivers sc.
Sir Edmund Verney, son of Sir Edmund Verney of Middle
Claydon, in the county of Bucks, was born in London 1596, and
with an education suitable to his birth, induced him to spend some
time with George, lord Goring, in the Low Country wars; he after-
OF ENGLAND.
47
ward attended Lord Herbert and Sir Henry Wotton to France and
Italy, and went with the Earl of Bristol into Spain: on his return
was, by King Charles, appointed knight mareschal;* and served
in parliament for the borough of Aylesbury and Chipping 'Vy-
combe. He attended his majesty in 1639 against the Scots, and
held the standard at Nottingham, and declared, that by the grace
if God (his u3ual expression), they that would take that standardfrom
his hand, must .first wrest his soul from his body. Accon1ingIy, at the
battle of Edge-hill, fought 23d of October, 1642, he boldly charged
with it among the thickest of the enemy, to engage the soldiers to
follow him; and being surrounded by nUll1bers, was offered 11is
life if he would deliver up the standard; he rejected the offer, and
fell for his country with great honour, having that day killed six-
teen gentlemen with his own hand. The standard wa3 taken, but
rescued by Captain John Smith, an officer of the Lord Grandison's
regiment of horse.-His son, Sir Ralph, was created a baronet by
King Charles II.
There is a fine portrait of Sir Edmund Verney, by Vandyck, at
l\liddle Claydon.
SIR WILLIAM CLARKE; fro17z an orig'inal
picture.
ffiIaddocks se. 4to.
Sir William Clarke, a gentleman of good fortune in Kent, raised
at his own charge a regiment for the service of King Charles the
First, and joining the army under the command of the Earl of
Cleveland, was killed in the fight at Cropl'edy-bridge.
SIlt 'VILLIAM M
t\IN'V ARING, of West-
Chester, knt. 1643. N. SclzeJleker sc. snzall oval; in
Harding/8 " Biog'raplzical Mirrour."
Sir William l\lainwaring, son of Sir Edmund Mainwaring, LL. D.
and chancellor of Chester, who was the younger son of Sir Randle
Mainwaring, of Over Peover, in the county of Chester, knight
treasurer of Ireland. He died most valiantly in the service of his
prince and country, in the defence of the city of Chester, 1645,
· l\IareschaJ, in French, imports a general of an army; in England, whoever en-
joys the post of knight mareschal is obliged to carry the royal stanùard in timc
of war.
48
llIOGRAPHICAL IIISTORY
in the 20th year of his age, where he seems to have been in great
distress. See his Letter in the Topographer, vo1. ii. p. 68, &c.
and Harding'::; " Biographical Mirrour."
SIR JO
N OWEN, knt. J. Caldwall sc. 4to. III
Pennant's " Toar in Wales."
Sir John Owen, knight, of Clenneney, in Caernarvonshire, was a
gallant officrr, and strenuous supporter of the cause of Charles I.
He greatly distinguished himself at the siege of Bristol, when it was
taken by Prince Rupert, and was desperately wounded in the at-
tack. Congenial qualities recommended him to his highness; who,
superseding the appointment of Archbishop 'Villiams to the govern-
ment of Conway CaRtle, in 1643, constituted Sir John commander
in his place. This fortress was soon given up to General l\.Iytton,
by the contrivance of the prelate, and the power of his friends; anrl
the knight retired to his seat in the distant parts of the county.
In 1648, he rose in arms to make a last effort in behalf of his fallen
master, probably in concert with the royalists in Kent and Essex.
He was soon attacked by 'Villiam Lioyd, sheriff of the county,
whon1 he defeated, wounded, and made prisoner. He then laid
siege to Caernarvon; but hearing that certain of the parliament
forces, under the Colonels Carter and Twisleton, were on their
march to attack him, he hastened to meet them, and took the
sheriff with him on a litter. He met with his enemies near Llande-
gai: a furious rencontre ensued, in which Sir John had at first the
advantage; but falling in with their reserve, fortune declared
against him. In a personal contest with a Captain Taylor, he was
pulIed off his horse, and n1ade prisoner; and his troops, disheartened
by the loss of their comlnander, took to flig'ht. The sheriff died
the same day. The victory was esteemed of that consequence,
that Captain Taylor, who was the messenger of the news to the par-
liament, received a reward of 2001. out of Sir John's estate.
Sir John was conveyed to vVindsor Castle, where he found four
noblemen under confinement for the smne cause. On the 10th of
November, a vote past for his banishment, and that of the Lords
Goring, Loughborough, Capel, the Earl of Holland, and lVlajOlo-
general l.anghorn; but after the execution of their royal master,
sanguinary measures took place. The Duke of Hamilton, the Earl
of HolIa.qd; alid the Lords Goring and Capel, were put upon tlwir
OF ENGIJAND.
49
tria1s. Sir John shewed a spirit worthy of his country. II e told 11is
judges, that" he was a plain gentleman of 'Vales, who had been
taught to obey the king; and that he had served him honestly
during the war; and finding that Inany honest men endeavoured
to raise forces, whereby he n1Ïght get out of prison, he did the
like ;" and concluded like a man who did not much care what they
resolved concerning him. In the end he was condemned to lose
his head; for which, with a humorous intrepidity, he Inade the
court a low reverence, and gave his humble thanks. A by-stander
asked what he meant: he replied aloud, " It was a great honour
to a poor gentleman of Wales to lose his head with such noble
lords; for by G-, hc was afraid they would have hanged him.
Sir John, by mere good fortune, was disappointed of the honour
be was flattered with; being, as his epitaph says, Famæ plllS quam
Vitæ Sollicito. He neither solicited fo.r a pardon, nor was any pe-
tition offered to parliament in his favour; which was strongly im-
portuned in behalf of his fellow-prisoners. Ireton prove\.l his ad-
vocate, and told the house, "That there was one person for whom
no one spoke a \vord; and therefore requested, that he might be
saved by the motive and goodness of the house." In consequence,
mercy was extended to him; and after a few months' imprison-
ment, he was on his petition set at liberty. I-Ie retired again into
his country, where he died in 1666, and was interred in the church
of Penmorva, in Caernarvonshire, where a small monument was
erected to his Inemory.
IIis Hon r . Captin IIOTHAM, S:c. on Ilorsebacl
;
an etclzing'. J. Caulfield C.vc.
Captain John Hotham, son of Sir John Hotham, of Scarborough,
in Yorkshire, was brought before a court-martial at Guildhall,
Nov. 30, 1644, Sir William 'Valler, president, upon a charge
that he being a commander in the service of the parliament, had
betrayed the trust in him reposed, and perfidiously adhered to the
enemy, by endeavourin
to betray a regiment of horse, and other
forces into their hands.
He produced a great number of witnesses to invalidate the credit
of the evidcnce against him, but no regard was paid to their testi-
mony; and he was ordered to be beheaded, which sentence was
executed Jan. 1st, 1645, on Tower-hill, one day preceding the
execution of his father at the same rlace for a similar offence.
VOL. III. II
50
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
BERNARD STUART, earl of Lichfield, cOlnmandcr of the
king's troops. See Class III.
SPENCER COl\1PTON, earl of Northampton, colonel of a
regiment of foot. See Class 111.*
SIR GEORGE RA '\VDON, an excellent field officer. See the
next reign, Class VIII.
SIR JOHN SUCKLING, the poet, who had made a campaign
under Gustavus Adolphus, raised a splendid troop of horse, at the
expense of 12,000/. for the service of the king. This troop, with
Sir John at its head, behaved so ill in the enga;;ement with the
Scots, upon the English borders, in 1639, as to occasion the
famous lampoon, composed by Sir John lHennis: cc Sir John he
got him an ambling nag," &c. This ballad, which was set to a
brisk tune, was lTIuch sung by the parlialuentarians, and continues
to be sung to this day. This disastrous expedition, and the
ridicule that attended it, was suppo3ed to have hastened his death.
See Class IX.
GEORGE 'VHARTON, afterward Sir George, sold his pater-
nal estate to raise a troop of horse for the king, and took the com-
nland of it himself. At the time of the Interregnum, he was a
writer in various branches of literature, and seems to have taken
· Lord Digby and Colonel Lunsford were accused by John Lilburne and other
incendiaries, of an intention to bring a large party of the king's forces to 'Vestmin-
ster, and massacre the parliamentary leaders. It was as falsely reported, that thc
innocent colonel indulged his brutal appetite with the flesh of children. It appears
from the following lines of Cleaveland: that there was II a picture," or print of him,
making such a horrid meal:
They fear the giblets of his train; they fear
Even his dog, that four-legg'd cavalier;
He that devours the scraps which Lunsford makes,
'Vhose picture feeds upon a child in stakes.t
It is highly probable, as I have never met with this print, that it has been indus-
triously destroyed. The brave colonel, who was a man of a fair character, and far
from being an epicure, much less a cannibal, was killeil, in 16:13, at the siege of
Bristol. See more of him, in Grey's II Huùibras," vol. ii. p. 312, first edit.
t Cleaveland's II Rupertismus," at p. 67 of his works, eùit. 1677.
OF ENGLAND. 51
up that profession from the necessity of his affairs. See the reign
of Charles II. Class IX.
JOHN DOLBEN, born at Segroit, in Denbighshire, a student
of Christ Church, in Oxford, was an ensign in the royal army at the
siege of York, and the battle of Marston 1\loor, where he was dan-
gerously woundeu in the shoulder, by a musket-ball. He was
afterward promoted to the rank of a major. Having entered into
holy orders, he was, after the restoration, made a canon of Christ
Church, and was successively bishop of Rochester, and archbishop
of York. See the next reign, Class IV.-
SIR BERNARD GASCOIGNE; fronz a drawing
ill the ]{iJlg"s "Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Sir Bernard Gascoigne was a gentleman of Florence, who out of
gallantry had volunteered his service to King Charles I. He was
taken at the siege of Colchester, with Sir Charles Lucas and Sir
George Lisle, by General Fairfax, and all three sentenced by a
council of war to be shot. Sir Bernard, who had but English
sufficient to lllake himself understood, requested pen, ink, and
paper, that he might write a letter to his prince, the great duke,
that his highness might know in what manner he lost his life, to
the end his heirs might possess his estate. The council, who were
ignorr.nt of his being a foreigner (having only selected him as a
person of quality, and preferred him for being a knight, that they
might sacrifice three of that rank, on account of the obstinate de..
fence of the place), came to the determination of sparing his life,
nnd putting to death his fellow-prisoners, Sir Charles Lucas and Sir
George Lisle, who were accordingly shot, August 28, 1648.
SIR JOlIN BOYS, of Bonnington, governor of
Donnington Castle. Stow sc.
.. John Fell, afterward bishop, was an ensign in the same cause with Dolben.
See H Athen. Oxon." II. 795. So William Eeaw, afterward a bishop, was a major -
in the king's service, Ibid. 1179. Two otllcrs, who became bishops, were also in
the royal army, See Pctcr l\Iews. Ibid, 1178; and Joh11 Lake, ill Itichardson's
.c Goodwin," p. ;)16.
52
BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTORY
Sir John Boys was a captain in the royal army, and governor of
Donnington Castle, in Berkshire, and by the bravery with which
he defended it, during a long siege, shewed himself well worthy
of the trust. It was attacked by the parliament army under the
command of l\'l
or-generall\tIiddleton. In return to the general's
summons, the governor sent the following spirited reply: "Sir, I
mn intrusted by his majesty's express command, and have not
learned yet to obey any other than my sovereign. To spare blood,
do as you please; but myself, and those that are with me, are
fully resolved to venture ours in maintaining what we are here
intrusted with; which i3 the answer of -- JOHN Boys.
The kir.g" knightel
the governor for his good services;* he died
166-1, and was buried at Goodneston, in K
ent.
SIR I-IENRY GAG.E; frolll all orig'illal drauJing;
aJl ctching'. (Clausin.) Publi:ÛICd by Tr
llichardsoll.
S Ut HE:\T RY GAGE. Thaue e.rc. 8vo.
The Earl of Clarendon says, "He was in truth a veryextraor-
dinary man, of a large and very graceful person, of an honourable
extractioì1, his grandfather (great-grandfather it should be) having
been knight of the Garter; besides his great experience and abi-
lities as a soldier, which were very eminent; he had very great
païts of breeding, being a very good scholar in the polite parts of
learning, a great master in the Spanish and Italian tongues, besides
the French anù the Dutch, which he spoke in great perfection. He
"\-vas likewise very conversant in courts, having for many years
been much esteemed in that of the archduke and dutchess, Albert
and Isabella, at Brussels, which was a great and very regular court
at that time; so that he deserved to be looked upon as a wise and
accomplished person. He was made govcrnOl" of Oxford, and
knighted; and soon after shot through the heart with a musket-
bullet, Jan. 1614, in attempting to break down Culham-bridge,
near Abingdon, where he intended to erect a royal fort.
COLON.EL HUG}I GROVE; a sJlzallltcad, in the
jì'ontispiece to vVinstantcy's " LO!Jat JIart!}rotog:y," 1 GGj;
8vo.
.. S
C Ly
ou'
" .Mag. Brit:' vol. I. p. Sj(j, &c.
OF ENGLAND.
53
COLO
EL IIUGH GROVE; cnlarged froJ7z the above
print
. 8vo.
Colonel Hugh Grove, in conjunction with Colorw1 Penruddock,
raised a body of near two hundred horse, well armed, for the service
of King Charles the Second, which they prpsnmed would every day
be improved upon the access of those who had engaged themselves
in the western association, especially after the fame of their being
up and effecting any thing, should come to their ears. 'Vith this
force they surprised, and took possession of the city of Salisbury,
which they entered about five o'clock in the morning; aIul
appointed some officers, of which they had plenty, to cause all the
stables to be locked up, that all the horses might be at their devo-
tion; others to break open the gaols, anu set free all persons in-
imical to the parliament party: they kept a good body of horse
upon the market-place, to encounter all opposition; and gave order
to apprehend the judges and the sheriff, who were yet in their
beds, and to bring thenl into the market-place with their several
commissions, not caring to seize upon the persons of any others.
All this was done with so little noise and disorder, as if the town
]tad been all of one mind. They who were within doors, except
they were commanded to come out, stayed still there, being more
desirous to hear than to see what was done; very many being wen
pleased, and not willing that others should discern it in their coun-
tenance. 'Vhen the judges were brought out in their robes, and
humbly produced their commissions, and the sheriff likewise, Sir
Joseph \Yagstaff, a vViltshire gentleman, who had formerly been
nlajor-general of the foot in the king's western army, re3olved, after
he had proclaimed the king, to cause them all three to be hanged;
but tbis was so violently opposed by Gïove and Penruddock, that
'Vagstaff durst not persist in it, but was prevailed on to dismiss the
judges after taking their commissions from them; determining still
to hang the sherifl
who positively, though humbly, and with many
tears, refused to proclaim the king, which being otherwise donE',
they likewise prevailed with him rather to keep the sheriff alive,
and to carry him with thelll to redeelTI an honcster man out of the
hands of their enemies.
hcy did nothing resolutc1y after their first action, but were in
such disorder and discontent among themselves, that they left the
town, and took the sheriff \vith them, about two of the cJoek in
the afternoon; but were so weary of thcir day's labour, and their
54
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
watclling the night before, that they grew less in love with wIlat
they were about, and differed again amongst themselves about the
sI)(;:
riff
whom many desired to be presently released; and that
party carried it, in hope of receiving good offices afterward frOln
hin1. In this manner they continued on their nlarch westward.
They from Hampshire, and other places, who were behind them,
being angry for their leaving Salisbury, would not follow, but
s.cattered themselves; and they who were before them, and heard
in what disorder they had left \Viltshire, likewise dispersed; so that
after they had continued their journey into Devonshire, without
meeting any who would join with them, horse and men were so
tired for want of Ineat and sleep, that one single troop of horse,
inferior in number, and commanded by an officer of no credit in
tne war, being in those parts by chance, followed them at a distance,
till tl1ey were so spent, that he rather entreated than compelled
them to deliver themselves: some, and amongst them Wagstaff:
(juitted their horses, and found shelter in some honest men's houses,
where they were concealed till opportunity served to transport them
iuto the parts beyond the seas, where they arrived safely. But
Penruddock, Grove, and most of the rest were taken prisoners,
tlpon promise given by the officer, that their lives should be saved;
'which they quicldy found he had no authority to make good. For
Cl"omwell no sooner heard of this cheap victory, than he sent
judge3 away with a new commission of Oyer anù Terminer, and
<>rdcrs to proceed with the utmost severity against the offenders.
But Rolle, his chief-justice, who had so luckily escaped at Salisbury,
lmd not recovered the fright; and would no n10re look those men
in the face who had dealt so kindly with him; but expressly re-
fused to be employed in the service, raising some scruples in point
of law, whether the men could be leg'ally condemned; l1pon which
CroHl\vell shortly after, turned him out of his office, having found
uthGrs who executed his commands. Grove and Penruddock lost
their heads at Exeter, and others were hanged there; many were
sent to Salisbury, and tried and executed there, in the place where
they had so lately triumphed.
COLONEL EUSEBIUS ANDRE\VS; a sJ/zall
bead, ill thcji'(}Jlti,',piece to JViJlslllJl[CY'S "Loyal iJIa/'-
L!Jrolo
"y," IGG5; 8vo.
OF ENGLAND.
55
COLONEL EUSEDIUS ANDRE""S; enlarg'cd fl'OJJl the
above }Jrints,. 8vo.
This gentleman was in the profession of the law, and practised
as a counseHor at Gray's Inn; but on the breaking out of th
civil
war, he laid his gown aside for the sword, and faithfully adhered to
the cause of the king; after whose death he was implicated in a
1)]ot to overturn the Commonwealth, in which the chief agent was
one Bernards, who had formerly served under him in the army as
major. This man, with another named Pitts, are stated to have been
suborned by Bradshaw and Sir Henry fvlildmay to swe8r against
him, and notwithstanding a very aLle defence, in which he endea-
voured to prove the illegality and authority of proceeding by a
hig'h court of justice, he was found g'uilty, and beheaded on
Tower-hill, Aug. 22, 1650. Colonel Andrews acted for some tilne
in the capacity of secretary to Arthur, lord Capel.
COLONEL POYER; a sJ7zali head, in the frontis-
lJÏece to TVinslanley's " Loyal
fartyrolog'}j," 1665; 8vo.
COLONEL POYER; enlarg;edfro1Jl the above print; 8vo.
Colonel Poyer, a gentleman and soldier of fortune, for some
time served in the parliament army; but joining with Major-gene-
ral Langhorne and Colonel Powel, he took up ar
ns for the J,.ing in
South 'Vales; the enterprise, llowcver, failed, and they were defeated
at S1. Fagon's by Colonel Horton, whereupon they retreated with
the broken renlains of their army to the town of Pembroke, which
they fortified, and valiantly defended for the space of three months,
ag'ainst l-1orton and Cromwell, who with a great power, had come
to the other's assistance. \Vhen being ill want of necessaries, and
hopeJess of obtaining relief, they were compelled to surrender at
mercy: the effect whereof was, according to the order of a council
of war, "That the three colonel:; should draw lots for their lives,"
which fell upon Colonel Poyer, who was in consequence shot to
death in Covent-g'ardell.
lVIAJO R PITCl-IER; {l sJnall head, in the frontis-
piece to JVinslan{ey' 8 " Loyal
Iart!J J'o{og'}j," 1 (365; 8vo.
56
B IOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
IVIAJon PITCH EH; cnlarg;edfro'JJl the above print,. 81"0.
Iajor Pitcher, a valiant and loyal gentlenlan, was one of the
brave officers th
t ùef
nded Pelnbroke, against the army under
Cromwell, for the space of three months; when finding no hope of
relief, they surrendered upon articles, in which it was stipulated,
I\Iajor Pitcher should depart the kingdom for three years, and not
return in that time upon pain of death. But he thinking to render
the king further service, outstayed the time prescribed for trans-
porting himself abroad, was betrayed by some he confided in, and
apprehended in London; when being brought to trial before a
council of war, was condemned to be shot to death, which sentence
was carried into execution, against the door of St. Faith's church,
in St. Paul's churchyard, Dec. 29, 1648.
A SCOTCI-I GENERAL.
JAl\IES GRAHAl\I, marquis of l\1ontrose (or
IVloxTlloss). A. lTandyck p. IIollbrllkc/l ð'C. 1740.
III the posscs.Ûon of tlte Duke of M"oJltrose; Illllst.
I-Iead.
J A)IES GRAIIAl\I, &c. Tlertue sc. One of the Loyalists,
fronl the SGl1Ze oriÆ'inal as the above.
J Al\IES GRAHAl\r, &c. A cOP
lJ fronz lIoubral.:en, by
ìraJlge. III Dr. Sinolfclt"s " History."
Marchio Mont. Rosar. con1. de Kincardin, &c. .sil'
Latin verses; 4to. A copy úy Vertue.
J A l\IES, marquis of Montrose; four verscs; "Scot-
land's G lory,"
'c. 4to. scarce.
JAQUES, marquis de Montrose. Pontius sc. 8vo.
JAJIES, lllarquis of l\1ontrose. A. lJIatlLaul f. 8vo.
OF ENGLAND.
57
J AJ\IES, Inarquis of Montrose. Vandel"g'ucht se. 8vo.
The Marquis of l\lontrose, &c. .Arms, 8sc. in tIle
upper corners. I believe this is the same as A. J\tIa-
than1's mentioned above.
JAl\IES, marquis of Montrose. Gerel'lÛa se. In
u ]{oble J..4uthol's," by .1J:lr. Park.
James GrahaIn, marquis of Montrose, was comparable to the
greatest heroes of antiquity. He undertook, against ahnost every
obstacle that could terrify a less enterprising genius, to reduce the
kingdom of Scotland to the obedience of the king; and his success
was answerable to the greatness of his undertaking. By a thousand
efforts of stratagem and valour, he, in a few n10nths, effectuated his
great design; but, for want of supplies, was forced to abandon his
conquests.. After the death of Charles,t he, with a few men,
Inade a second attempt, but was presently defeated by a nun1erous
army. As he was leaving the kingdom in disguise, he was betrayed
into the hands of the enemy, by the Lord Aston, his treacherous
friend. He was carried to his execution with every circumstance
of indignity that wanton cruelty could invent, and hanged upon a
gibbet thirty feet high, with the book of his exploits appendant to
his neck t He bore his reverse of fortune with his usual greatness
of mind, and expressed a just scorn at the rage and insult of his
enemies. 'Ve nleet with nlany instances of valour in this active
reign; but Montrose is the only instance of heroism. Executed
1\lay 21, 16.50. See the Interregnum.
· He, on several occasions, gave as signal proofs of his humanity, as he did of his.
comage. It is worthy of remark, that in the memorable battle which he gained in
September, 1644, the word of the rebels was" Jesus, and no quarter."
t Tùe verses which he wrote on that occasion are as spirited as his valour.
This book, \o\hich was published in small octavo, 1647, is written in elegant
Latin. It has, at the bottom of the title-page, A. S. the initials of Agricolâ Sopho-
carùio, the ùisguised name of George Wisehart, afterward bishop of Edinburgh,
who was the author of it. J. G. at the top of the same page, stand for Jacobus
Græmus, the christian and sUillame of the marquis. The book, of which an Eng-
lish translation was published in 164-9, is ullcommon.
'OL. III.
1
58
BIOGR.APHICAL HISTORY
OFFICERS OF THE NAVY.
"SIR JOlIN PENNINGTON, knight, one of
the gentlemen in ordinary of his majesty's privy-
charnber; governor and captain of Sandown Castle
in Kent, and vice-adluiral of his majesty's fleet for
this expedition,* Ao. 1636, and 1637." C. Van Dalen
se. 4to. scarce.
SIR JOHN PENNINGTON, knight, &c. w: Richard-
son.
SIR JOHN PEX
INGTON, in an oval. E. l-!ardiJlg.
Sir John Pennington was a man of great courage, openness, and
generosity; and what heightened everyone of his virtues, of un-
16,12. common piety. When the Earl of Northumberland was indisposed,
be was appointed by the king to supply his place; but the parlia-
l11ent strong'ly remonstrated against this; as Sir John, who was a
very loyal person, was one in whom they could '/lot co1Jfide, and they
therefore recomnlended the Earl of \Varwick. Such was the situ-
ation of the king's affairs, that he knew not how to refuse their
request, which carried with it too much of the nature of a command.
Sir John Pennington was, after some altercation, set aside; and
the Earl of "Varwick was, upon the revocation of the Earl of N 01'-
thumberland's commission, constituted lord high-admira1. The
parliament strongly invited him to enter into their service; but he
never could b
prevailed with to serve against the king. Ob,
Sept. 16-16.
SIR KENELIVI DIGBY, by his eager pursuit of knowledge,
seemed to be born only for contemplation. But he was thought
to be so well qualified for action, that, in 1628, he was appointed
commander of a squadron sent into the Mediterranean, to chastise
the Algerine pirates, and the Venetian fleet. The former had com-
mitted frequent depredations on the vessels of our merchants, and
· Tu maintain the
ovcreignty of the British seas.
OF ENGLAND.
59
the latter had obstructed their trade. He exerted himself with an
the spirit and conduct of a brave and experienced officer: and
having brought the Venetians to reason, made reprisals on the
Algerines, and set at liberty a great number of English slaves; he
returned home with great credit to his country, and honour to him-
self. See Class IX.
OFFICERS OF THE PARLIAMENT ARMY.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex. Dobson p.
Faithorne sc. Engraved witlzout lzatclziJl
', in the 'luan-
neI'" of Mellan; h. sh.*
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. on horseback, 1643;
Hollar f. h. she
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. whole len
.th. Vauglzansc.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c.
'old by Stent,o 12nlo.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. Jl;Ia1"shall sc. Before the
U List of the Arnzies, 1642;" 4to.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. G. Glovc'J" f. 4to.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. on horseback,. battle of
]{ewbury; Overton,ot 4to.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, lately deceased;
12mo. in Ricraft's book.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. in arlnour. Hulett sC. In
Peck's " Life of Crollzwell/' 4to.
· This is the
arnc plate, as Endymion Porter, altered.
t The name of a printsellcr, successor to Stent, whose stock in trade he purchased.
60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Earl of ESSEX and the Lord 'ViLLOUGHBY of
Eresby ; tlVO equestrian portraits in OJle plate; large 4to.
The print, 'lv/licit is but indifferently engraved, is very
scarce.
The Lord \Villoughby has been n1entioned before as earl of
Lindsey.
" The portraitures of the parlianlent's forces by
sea and land: ROBERT, earl of Essex, late general of
the parliamenfs army; Lord FAIRFAX; Sir TH01\IAS
FAIRFAX, general of the army, and constable of the
Tower of London ; Lieut.-general CR01\l\\TELL; Major-
general SKIPPON; Earl of \V AR"TICK, adlniral of the
narrow seas; ALEXANDER LESLEY, general of the
Scots; Earl of MANCHESTER." All on horseback. Sold
hy Stent,. large h. sh. scal'ce.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, lying in state
in Westnziuster Abbey,. fol. cig/it Englislt verses. P.
Stellt.
ROBERT, earl of Essex, ..IEtatis sua 56. Tf T . Hole.
A 'JJlournefull cloud,
'c. 1646; to CodriJlg,ton's " Life
of R. E. of Esse.v;" 4to.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, with hat and
featlzel",. g'eneral of the ar1Jzy; standing whole lcngth.
W. Hollar; scal'"ce; 4to. Stent e.v.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex; frol1z the above.
W. Richardson.
ROBERT DE\TEREUX, 3d earl of Essex. Gere1Jzia 8C.
In " Noble Authors," hy lJIr. Par/i; 1806.
OF ENGLAND.
GI
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, fronl the ori-
p;inal in the possession of Charles Clzallwick, esq.
ìJ'iJlg'eJ' del. Basire sc. III S'lla1v's " History of Staf-
fordshire."
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. sJJlal1 'lvhole leng,th,. CJJl-
hleJ7zatic devices,. deatlt with his dart:}" hour-g'lass witlt
wings of tÙue :}" f01l1
Eng'lish lines,
CC Prepare for death, lest hee
Send thee to woe and miserie;
Time swift doth run
. To judgment thou must come."
"Sinal! 4to. Sold by P. Stent,. scarce.
ROBJ
RT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex; 8vo. Van
Dyclc; ill Clarendon's" History."
Ro BERT, earl of Essex, with General Lesley; Sir
Thomas Fairfax; Ed \vard, earl of l\lanchester; Ge-
neral Skipp on ; Oliver Cromwell; Sir William
\Valler; Sir William Brereton; General Massey,
and General Brown; ten ovals; with a pe1fect list of
all the victories obtained by the parliaJ1lentary forces,
with the nanles of the cities, t01VJlS, castles, and forts,
taken since the beginning, to this present rnonth, Aug'llst,
1646; by Josiah Ricraft:}. a folio sheet:}" rare and cu-
'riolls:}' in the collection of Sir lJfark lJIastcr1JlaJt Syl,:es,
bart.
Robert, earl of Essex, was the only son of the unfortunate fa-
vourite of Queen Elizabeth, and inherited much of his father's po-
pularity. He acquired, in the Low Countries, a great reputation
as a soldier; a kind of merit, that was despised by James I. and
overlooked by Charles. His courage was great, his honour was
inflexible; but he rather waited, than sought for- opportunities of
62
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
fighting; and knew better how to gain, than improve a victory.
'Vhen he took the cOlnnland of the parliament army, he was
better qualified than any man in the kingdom for that post; but
was soon eclipsed by a new race of soldiers, who, if not his supe-
riors in the art of war, went far beyond him in spirit and enterprise.
He died the 14th of September, IG46: and his death helped to
open a way for the ambition of Crolnwell.
SIR THOl\IAS FAIRFAX, knight, general of the
forces raised by the parliament. Ed. BO'UJe1'"s p.
Marshall sc. On horseback. Frontispiece to "Eng"-
land's Recovery.' being' the Histo1'"Y of the Ar17zy under
the conduct of Sir TIt01JlaS FairJa.-'l};" Jol. 1647.
TnOl\IAS, (afterward) lord Fairfax. Cooper p.
Floubraken sc. In the collection of Brian Fai1fa
', esq.
Itlust. fIead.
SJ R THOl\IAS FAIRFAX ; from a uzlniature in the
hands of Brian FairJa
r, esq. Hulett se. In PecIc's
"Life oj CroJJl'lvell,." 4to. The original picture was
painted úy Heywood.
SIR THOl\IAS F AIRFAX. Walke1'" p. Faithorne sc. In
ar171ollr,. h. she scarce.* This is copied by Vandergucht,
in 8vo.
SIR THOl\IAS FAIRFAX; etched hy Streeter,t in an
oval of pabns. This is in the view oj the battle of Naseby,
in " Eug'land's Recovery," cS"c. nzentioned above.
SIR THOl\IAS FAIRFAX; 1648. Hollar f. 12nlo. zn
an oval. Joan Huyssens eJ/clldit Antwerpiæ.
· The first impressions are.sold by Rowlett, the second by Thomas Hinde.
t Afterward scrjcant-paint('r to Charles II.
OF ENGLAND.
63
TH01tIAS FAIRFAX, general; in a cloak, staff,
e. in
Hollar's Jnanner; 8vo.
THO
IAS FA IRF Ãx, &ë. eight verses, ill High Dutclz;
larg,'e 8vo.
SIR THO
IAS FAIRFAX, on horseback. Sold by TllO-
'JJlas Iliude,. h. she
SIR TU01\IAS FAIRFAX. Stellt:; 4to.
SIlt THO:\IAS FAIRFAX; aJlag'ralll1na, Fa.r erit fa-
'J1l0sa,. 4to.
SIR Tn01\IAS FAIRFAX; "Cætera norunt,"
'c.
large 4to.
THOJ\IAS FAIRFAX, generalis exercituum, &c. 12n20.
SIR THOl\IAS FAIRFAX. lJ:foJlcornet e.re. 4to.
THOI\IAS FA I RFAX, 'Jlovæ Ang,'licanæ roeipublicæ, "5'c.
capitancus generalis.
FA IUFAX, the lord-general of the forces raised by
the parliament; sash ahollt his waist;}. 4to.
THOl\IAS, lord Fairfax; a sash about his waist.
1 T ertlie se. Copiedfroul theforegoing.
THOMAS, lord Fairfax; profile;}' hat,. holding his
sword and papers,. sL
' Dutch verses. Savry e.l"e. larg"c
4to. a curiolis print.
THOl\I.AS, lord Fairfax. T. JVorlidge f. 3! inches
hy 2i.
ü4
BJOG RA PHICAL IIISTOR Y
TH01\IAS, lord Fairfax, baron of Cameron, &c. in
a r JJlOur.
LORD FAIRFAX, u,ith a Hebrew inscription, in Eng;-
lislt, "His integrity hatlt broken the wild ass /' 4to.
TH01\IAS, lord -Fairfax. Bocquet sc. III "Noble
Authors," hy 11:/1'. Park.
TnOl\IAS FAIRFAX, general du parlement; zn
Larrey's "Ilistory of Eng'land."
Thomas, lord Fairfax, was formed as a soldier under Horatio,
lord V ere, in the Netherlands; and was at the taking of Bois Ie
Duc from the Spaniards. He was one of the first characters of his
time for integrity, and military accomplishments; but his natural
simplicity was so great, that he was ever the dupe of Cromwell,
who had only the appearance of it. He was a very useful instrument
in the hands of that aspiring man, who quickly reaped the fruit of
aU his victories. Sir Horace Vere, his master in the art of war,
was remarkable for doing great things with few men; and Fairfax,
with the loss of few. He had a considerable share in the resto-
ration of Charles II.. See Class IX.
OI-oIIVER CROMWELL, lieutenant-general. JOOlJ't
IIartg'ers c..rc. 8vo.
Oliver Cromwell united, in a very high degree, the characters of
tl1e politician and the general; and occasionally assumed those of
the buffoon and the preacher. He broke forth from his obscurity,
at an age when others think themselves doomed to it for ever; and
when many beg'in to entertain thoughts of retiring from the world,
· 1\Ir. Ralph Thoreshy informs us, in the account of his o\Vn II 1\Iuseum," that
Lord Fairfax: made a collection of engraved portraits of warriors. He also made a
collection of coins and medals, which were purchased by "'\Ir. Thoreshy's father.
It should he remembered to his honour, tbat he allowed a considerable pension
to that able and industrious antiquary, Roger Dod
worth, wIm had the greatest
hand in the II ]}[onasticoll.' J
OF ENGLAND.
G5
he began to lnake the most conspicuous figure in it. He availed
l1Ïmself of the virtues and the vices, the talents and the weaknesses
of mankind; and such obstacles as would have been insunnount-
able to an inferior genius, helped greatly to carry him on in his
career. His lnost signal exploit in this reign, was at the battle of
N aseby, where, in that decisive action, he wholly turned the fortune
of the day.* See the Interregnum, Class I.
MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS HARRISON;
fi
07Jl an original painting. 111. Vande}
llclzt sc. 8vo.
In Clarendon's "History." There is a 81Jlall Pl'iut of
lzÙJl, ltolding a tr'ullcheoll.
Major-general Harrison, son of a butcher, at Nantwich, in
Cheshire, was bred an attorney; but quitted that profession in the
beginning of the civil war. He was a man of courage, and of great
volubility of tongue; and was of singular service to Cromwell, in
subduing the presbyterian faction. He was one of those who
pleaded for a legal trial of Charles I. whom he undertook to bring
from Hurst Castle for that purpose. He amused Fairfax with long
prayers, for whick he had an admirable talent, at the time of the king's
execution. He was one of the ten regicides who were executed in
October, 1660. He died exulting in the cause for which he suf-
fered. See the Interregnum, Class IV.t
FERD IN AND, lord Fairfax. Sold by Hen. Dochen;
whole len2,'tlt; 4to.
FERDINAND, lord Fairfax. T. Worlidg'ejecit.
· It has been asserted, that his body was carried, by his own direction, to that
part of Naseby field, where he won the victory, and there with great privacy in-
terred. "Complete Hist. of England," iii. p. 228, in the notes.
t In Cowley's comedy, called " The Cutter of Coleman-street," act iii. towards
the end, it is said that" 1\lajor-general Harrison is to come in green sleeves,
from
the north, upon a sky-coloured mule, which signifies heavenly instruction." This
}>assage was censured as profane: but says the author, in his preface, " Is it pro-
fane to speak of1Jarrison's re(urn to life again, when some of his friends really pro-
fest their belief of it, and he himself had been said to promise it ?"
YOLo III.
* Probably then worn by butchers.
K
ßß
BIOGRAPII rCAL 11IST 0 R Y
The Right Honourable
FERDI NAND, lord Fairfax;
'lvh ole length. W. Richardson.
FERDIN AND, lord Fairfax; zn SÙnon's ".1Jlcdals,'
pl. 11.
FERDINAND, lord Fairfax; a s1Jzall head.*
Ferdinand, lord Fairfax, father of Thomas, above mentioned,
was general of the parliament forces in the North. He was
totally routed by the Earl of Newcastle, at Adderton Moor, in June,
1643: but he and his son gained a complete victory over Colonel
Bellasyse, governor or York, at Selby, the 11th of April, 1644, for
which the parJiament ordered a general thanksgiving. After Sir
Thomas Glelnham had surrendered York, and the earl had retired
beyond the seas, he succeeded to the government of that city, and
of the northern counties. He died at Y ork
March the 13th,
1647-8.
WILLIAM, earl of Bedford, general of the horse
(under the Earl of Essex); G. G. (Glover) f. 4to.
See Class III.
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, knt. serjeant-major-
general, &c. C. J. p. 1643. Rotternlondt inc. large
4to. very scarce. t
SIR W ILLIAl\I WALLER,. &c. 121710. Copied frol7Z
the above..
· This is in a book called II A Survey of England's Champions, and Truth.s
faithful Patriots, by Josiah Ricraft," 1647, 8vo. In the same book are twenty
mare sroan heads; among which are Lord Roberts, Lord \YiIloughby of Parham J
l\Iajor-generaI :L\Iassey, Major-general Skippon, l\Iajor-general Poyntz, l\1ajor-
general Brown, thf' Earl of Calendar, Sir 'Villiam Balfour, Sir 'Villi am Brereton,
and Sir J olm :L\IeJdrum. The rest need not be enumerated, as being in general
copies from well-known prints. The book is very uncommon.
t The first impressions have H The Right Valient and FaithfuJl and famous 'Yar-
riour," &c. P. Stellt exc. afterward only U Sir WiIJiam 'VaUer."
OF ENGLAND.
67
S [R WILLI Al\vI 'V.A LLER, knt. chief-general of all
the forces in Glocestershire, &c. whole length. Stellt;
4to.
SIR W ILLIAl\I 'V ALLER, on horseback; inscribed,
Rig'ht Valiant and E,Tpert C071l1nander. w: Riddiard
c.'t'clldit; very rare.
9
SIR WILLIA
I WALLER; oval. P. Aubrey c.r. sl1lall
quar(o.
SIR W ILLIAl\1 WALLER; slJzalloval. Hollar.
SIR \VILLIAl\I WALLER; ditto. W. Richardson.
SIR 'VILLIAl\I WALLER, 1647. R. Walkcr. J.
Aliltoll; 1793.
SIR WILLIAl\I WALLER, ill ar112our,. bottom part
oval. Rotternzondt,. Woodburn e..r.
Sir \Villiam \Valler, son of Sir Thomas Waller, constable of
Dover Castle, and lYlargaret, daughter of Sampson Lennard, lord
Dacre, served in the Netherlands, in the same camp with Sir Ralph
Hopton; and was in the army of the confederate princes against the
emperor. He was one of the most able and active of the parliament
general:;, and was for a considerable time victorìous, and therefore
called, 'Villiam the Conqueror. He was defeated at the battle of
Lansdown, near Bath, and afterward totally routed at Roundway
Down, near the Devizes. Hence, with a little variation, it was
called Runaway Duwn, and continues to be called so to this day.
Sir Arthur Haslerig's cuirassiers, well known by the name of
lobsters, were among the fugitives. Cleaveland says, that "they
turned crabs, and went backwards.". The conqueror's fame sunk
considerably from this time; but he afterward had the honour of
defeating his former fellow-soldier, the Lord Hopton at Alresford.
See the next reign, Class IX.
July 5,
1643.
July 13,
1643.
· Cleaveland's U W oris," 1). 114, edit. j 677..
68 llIOGJtAPIIICAL HISTOR Y
SIR 'VILLIAM BALFOUR, lieutenant-general of the horse
under the Earl of Essex, commanded the reserve at Edge-hill, with
which he charged so vigorously, that he soon dispersed the king's
best infantry, and seized his artillery. He also greatly distin..
guished himself in the taking of Newbury. See the next Class.
EDWARD, lord Mountague (Montagu), baron of
Kimbolton, viscount Mandeville, earl of l\1anchester;
front a painting", whcn olle of the ulcnzúers. AI. Vandcr-
llclzt sc. 8vo. Another,
vith the s{[}ne inscription,. 12)]10.
square.
ED'" ARD MONTAGUE, lord Kimbolton; Il/ust.
Head.
ED'VARD MOUNTAGUE, lord Kimbolton; in 5Z1J10n"S
" ..lJIedals," p. 15.
ED'" ARD, lord Montague, oval. TV. Richardson.
ED"! ARD, e
rl of Manchester, on lzorsebacli;
truJlcheon in his hand; 4to. very 'rare.
ED,,, ARD, lord Mountague, &c. major-general of
the association; J 21710. in Ricraft's book.
ED'V ARD, lord Mountague, &c. major-general of
the parliament's forces, in the associated counties of
Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, &c. W lIollar f. 1644; a
SJJZlll1 oval.
Edward, earl of Manchester, a nobleman of many great and ami.
able qualities, was a zealous, and no less able patron of liberty;
but without enmity to monarchy, or the person of the king. lIe
was one of the avowed patriots in the House of Peers, and the only
member of that house who was accused by Charles of high-treason,
together with the five members of the House of Commons. In the
civil war, he had the charge of seven of the associated counties;
and with his usual activity and address raised an army of horse,
OF ENGLAND.
6Ð
which he commanded in person. Soon after he entered npon his
command, he forced the town of Lynne to submit to the parliament,
and defeated the Earl of N ewcastIe's army at Horn Castle. In
1644, he took Lincoln by storm, and had a principal share in the
victory at l\1arston l\Ioor. After the battle of Newbury, he was
suspected of favouring the king's interest; was even accused by
Cronnvell of neglect of duty, anJ by the self-denying ordinance
deprived of his commission. He heartily concurred in the resto.
ration of Charles II. who appointed him lord-chamberlain of his
household. Db. May 5, 1671, Æt. 69.
Oct. 27,
164.1.
PIIILIP SKIPPON, esq. In arl710llT',. 12J7lo. zn
Ricraft's book.
PHILIP SKIPPON, esq. major-general of the army.
}
Richardson.
Philip Skippon was serjeant-major-general of the parliament
army, major-general of the London militia, and governor of Bristol.
A fter the passing of the self-denying' ordinance, he was preferred
to the same post in the army that he held before; to which he was
thought justly to be entitled on the foot of his merit. He was pre-
sident of the council of war, under the Earl of Essex; and both in
the cabinet and the field, approved himself an excellent soldier.
lIe commanded the infantry at the battle of Naseby, where he
exertèd himself with his usual intrepidity. "Magnanimous Skippon,"
S3YS l\fay, " was grievously wounded, yet would not forsake the
battle; but with all possible endeavours discharged his part, till
the victory was obtained."*' He was a zealous republican, and
indeed went the greatest lengths with that party. His name fre-
quently occurs as a member of the House of Commons in the
Interregnum. He was also one of Cromwell"s council of state.
He had 10001. a year in lands of inheritance, assigned him by' the
parliament, for his services:'t Walker says, ,. he was heretofore
*" :lUay's Ie Breviary of the Hist. of the Parliament," p. 96.
t The Duke of Buckingham"s estate, at Blccheley, in Buckinghamshire, was
gi vt'n him, on that noblcman"s forfeiture; but, at the restoration, it reverted to the
legal owner.
70
BIOGRAPHICAL I-lISTOR Y
waggoner, to Sir Francis Vere.". But if he were a waggoner,
which is extremely improbable, it adds much to the greatness of
his character, to have been able to raise himself to such eminent
posts in the army and the state, under every disadvantage of edu-
cation. I am informed that he was father to Philip Skippon, esq.
who travelled with l\1r. Ray. Quære.
COLONEL MASSEY, appointed lieutenant-
general of the horse, raised for Ireland, by the
parliament; hair, 'll)lziskers,
'c. 12JJlo.
ED'V ARD MASSEY, on horseb{lck,. 4to. ß7: Slzer'lvill;
scarce.
EDWARD MASSEY, esq.lnajor-general of the West;
in arJnOllr,. in Ricraft and Leicester's" Surveys."
The undaunted Co!. MASSIE, &c. W Bressie f.
whole leng.th, 4to. scarce. His head is prifi..
1ed to "An
historical Relation of the 1Jzilitary GOVCrJl71Zent of Glou-
cester,"
'c. 1 û45; 12nlo.
There is a painting of him, by Coker, at Coddington, in Cheshire.
Major-general Massey, a Presbyterian, and a soldier of fortune,
offered to enter into the king's service, before he was retained by the
parliament, which he served with a fidelity that was greatly ap-
plauded. He was governor of the city of Gloucester, which he held
out with invincible resolution against the flower of the royal army,
till the Earl of Essex could be supplied with a sufficient body of
forces to raise the siege. The defence of this city is one of the most
signal instances of bravery in the whole course of the war. He was
set aside by the Independents, upon the passing of the self-denying
ordinance, and we find him a major-general of the army, under
Charles II. in January, 1659-1.
. · 'Va]ker's " Hist. of Inrlepenclency," 1. p. 45. Sir Francis Vere is there called
Pere: I h:we substituted tll(' true reading.
Skippun \..a
, perhaps, wl\ggoner to Sir Francis Vere, ill the same sense as Sir
Laurence Dumbs wag to Prince .Ferdinand.
OF ENGLAND.
71
l\1:AJOR-GENERAL POYNTZ (POINTZ); ill ar-
'J/lOllJ"" a small head, in Ric'l'lift's " Survey."
In the book of 1YIedals
lJ the SÙnolls, plate XXI. lS
a 1Jzedal of POINTZ; on the Tevel'1se, " 1646, Sideni
Pointz, * 10,000 Equit. et Pede associat. Septent.
Dux. Sum. Ebor. Gubern."
IVIAJOR-GENERAL POYNTZ. if: Richardson.
l\lajor-general Pointz, a man of courage and activity, gained a
very considerable name, by his vigilance as wen as his valour, in the
north and north-west, where he, in several skirmishes, had the ad-
vantage of the royalists. He conlmanded a large body of the parlia-
ment forces, with which he harassed the poor relnains of the royal
army, after the battle of Naseby. His most signal exploit was
routing the king's horse at Chester, and killing many gentlemen and
officers of note, particularly the gallant Earl of Lichfield, who was
the third brother of that illustrious house, that sacrificed their lives
in the course of the civil war. It has been said, that his views in
entering into this war were purely patriotic; and that he was never
known to be influenced by covetou sness or ambition, when he had
frequent opportunities of amply gratifying these passions.
JOHN LAMBERT, major-general, &c.
RICHARD BROWN, esq. major-general of Ox on.
Berkshire, and Buckinghan1; 12nw. square. In lli-
craft's book.
RICHARD BRO'VN, esq. JV: Richardson.
RICHARD BRO\V"N; in
l'J710n'S " Aledals," p. 15.
SIR RICHARD BnO'VN, bart. ambassador from
· Ricraft styles him Sir Sydcnham Poyntz-.
72
llIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTORY
King Charles I. and II. to the court of France; en-
l!;rllvcd by Philip Azulillct, fronl an orig;iJlal dra-wing' by
R. A-'aJ/tcllill, at Paris, 4to. ill Evelyn's" lJIeJJzoirs."
Uichard Brown, all eminent citizen of London, and a warm advo-
cate for presbytery, greatly distinguished himself in the field, and
hall no small influence in the parliament, where he was a }'epresen-
tative for the city of London. He attended the Earl of Essex when
he first marched against the king, and had a considerable hand in
defeating the royalists near 'V orcester, and at Edge-hill. He took
Arundel Castle by storm, and seizing on Abingdon, bravely defended
it against the whole force of the garrison of Oxford. In a sudden
saUy from Abingd0n, he surprised and took Bellasyse-house, which
was strongly garrisoned by the royal party, and found in it a good
supply of provisions. He was one of the commissioners deputed
to receive the king from the Scots army, where, perceiving the great
advantage his majesty had in his disputes with their politici
ns and
divines, and probably penetrating the designs of the Independents,
he returned to his allegiance, and ever after inflexibly adhered to
it. He was much in favour with Charles II. whose resident he was
at Paris, before the restoration; and was soon after created a baro-
net, having before received the honour of knighthood. He had the
con1mand of the city militia, and was lord Inayor of London, in
1660. His only daughter and heiress espoused John Evelyn, esq.*
during her father's residence in France.t
HENRY IRETON, commissary-general.
HE
RY IRETOY, autogy'aplt and seal; in Cau!lield's
" lligh Court of Justice."
John Lambert and Henry Ireton, who were of genteel extraction,
studied the common law at the inns of court. Upon the commence-
· Cowley, in his II Garden," addressed to this worthy gentleman, comp1imcnts
Jlim upon his taste for horticulture aud books, and his happy choice of a wife, who
Jléld, as he expresses it.
The fairest garden in her looks,
And in her mind the choicest books.
t Yita Jo. Barwick, 'Vood, Ricraft, &c.
OF ENGLAND.
73
.
Inent of the war, they entered into the parliament army, and seelll
to have set out with the same principles and views: but Lambert's
ambition, which was his ruling passion, carried hiln at length much
farther than that of Ireton. They both distinguished themselves at
the battle of N aseby, and were both concerned in drawing up the
remonstrance of the army to the parlimnent; in which they de-
manded, in the style of lawgivers, that the house should be purged
of such as they deemed unfit to sit in it; and that no parliaments
should be dissolved by the king, without their consent. Ireton had
the greatest hand in drawing up the ordinance for the king's trial,
and the precept for proclaiming the high court of justice, in which
he sat as a judge. See the Interregnum, Class II.
COLONELS, AND INFERIOR OIi"FICERS.
LORD ROBERTS; a ð'lllall ltead,. in Ricraft's
book.
JOHN, lord Roberts, afterward earl of Radnor; in
" Noble Authors," by ffiIr. Park,. fro1Jl, a miniature hy
Cooper.
John, lord Roberts, had the cOlnmand of a regiment under the
Earl of Essex. He, at Newbury, led the parliament forces to the
charge with great gallantry, and by his courage and conduct routed
the royal army. He, with part of his brigade, defended Plymouth
against the combined force of the enemy, and several times repulsed
them to their great loss. See RADNOR in the reign of CHARLES II.
.
LORD WILLOUGHBY, of Parham; a s1Jzall head;
in the sanle book with that of Lord Roberts.
FRANCIS, lord Willoughby, of Parham. A. Bant-
voort; rare.
RANCIS, lord Willoughby. Harding'.
The Lord WiHoughby, of Parham, greatly distingu
shed bimself
in taking by storm, at midnight, the strong garrison of Gainsbo-
VOL. III. L
74 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTORY
rough
and in it the Earl of Kingston, and many gentlemen and
common soldiers. He afterward besieged and took the castle of
Bolingbroke, with a considerable quantity of arms and ammunition;.
and signalized his courage on many other occasions.
CHARLES SEATON, second earl of Dunfernl-
line. Ob, 167 4.
Richardson.
AlJlong; the nzedals oj' the 5 Y i'l7l0nS is a characteristic one
of SIR JOHN SEA'fON,t a Lancashire gentleman,
who by his courage and activity had a principal hand
in subduing the powerful army cOlllmanded by Lord
Strange, and reducing the county of Lancaster to
the obedience of the parliament.
COLONEL (JOHN) OKEY; on horseback. Stent.
COLONEL JOHN OKEY; in fin oval. }
Richardson.
COLONEL JOHN OKEY; on /Zorsebacli:; 4to. (Clalls-
sin.)
llichardson.
· COLONEL JOH
OKEY, 'with hisautog1"aph and seal;
in Cau{jield's " Hig;h Court of Justice."
Colonel Okey, a man of low birth, and said to have been by
occupation a drayman, was one of those who were called" Root
and branch men;" who hated the name anù office of a king, and
were resolved to extirpate .monarchy. He sat in juùgment upon
Charles, and his hand and seal is the sixth on the warrant for hig
execution. He was one of those regicides who were brought from
Holland, in 1662, in which year he was executed at Tyburn, glorying
in the cause for which he &uffered.
SIR 'VII
LIAM BRERETON; a sllzalllzcad; l1l
Ricraft's hoo/t.
. .
· July, 1643.
t Qllærf'. if of the sallIe famjl.v as Lord ÐunfcrmJin{'.
OF ENGI.lA
D.
75
SIR WII.LIAl\I BRERETON, major-general of Che-
'Shire. W. Richardson.
SIR W
BUERETON, IVI. G. of Ches. Staf. and Lan.
sJJzal1 oval,. in Leicester 'ð' " Chronicle,." scarce.
This brave volunteer gave abundant proof of his valour in the
tilne of the civil war. He, in a sharp skirmish, defeated Sir Thomas
Aston, near N antwich, and soon after gave battle to the Earl of
Northampton, in Staffordshire, where that gallant and loyal noble-
man was unfortunately slain: he presently after took the town of
Stafford by stratagem. He next defeated Lord Capel; and, aided
by Sir Thomas Fairfax, forced Lord Byron to raise tIle siege of
N antwich. On the 18th of August, 164ð, he gained a memorahle
victory over Prince Rupert, in Cheshire. In November, the saIne
year,' he, in a fierce battle, totally routed a large party of the king's
army, in conjunction with all the Welsh forces under the command
of Sir William Vaughan, which composed a body of six thousand
Dlen. He also took several castles, the town of Rippon, and the
citie
of Chester and Lichfield. *'
CO LO NEL L UN S FO RD ; fronz an original pictl[.1
e
in the collection of Richard Ald'llJorth Neville, esq.
W. N. Gardiner sc. 4to.
COLONEL LUNSFORD; a satyrical print, prifi
rcd to
a rare palJ7phlet, in the collection of tracts given by;,
/Ûs late 'llzqjesty to the British ffiIltsellJu.
COLO
EL LUÑSFORD; a head only,. copiedfrolll the
above in Baldwyn's edition of Grey's Hlldibras.
Colonel Thomas Lunsford was a man of an ancient family in
Sussex, but of a very small fortune, and of no great education,
having been compelled to fly the kingdOln to avoid the hand of
justice for some riotous misden1eanour; by reason of which he spent
to See Ricraft.
76 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOR Y
some time in the service of the King of France, where he got the
reputation of a man of courage and a good officer of foot.
In the beginning of the troubles in the reign of King Charles the
First, he had some command in the king's army, and was promoted
to the lieutenancy of the Tower of London, in the room of Sir Wil-
liam Balfour, during the confinement of the Earl of Strafford; but
Lunsford was so little known, except upon the disadvantage of an
ill character, that in a more peaceable time the promotion of such a
person to so important an office would have appeared very ungrate-
ful to the public in general. He was utterly a stranger to the king,
and it was quickly understood to proceed from the single election of
the Lord Digby, who had in truth designed that office for his brother
Sir Lewis Dives, but he being not at that time in town, and Lord
Digby having some secret reason to fill tl\at place in the instant
with a man who might be trusted, he suddenly resolved upon this
gentletnan, as one who would be faithful to him for the obligation,
and execute any thing he should direct. The House of Commons
however became so enraged on the occasion) that they desired the
lords to join them in a petition to the king to put the Tower into
better hands; and indeed Lunsford was not known enough, and of
reputation equal, to so invidious a province; and therefore within
two or three days he resigned the place, and the king gave it to Sir
John Byron.
Colonel Lunsford manied Katharine, daughter of Sir Henry
N eviUe, of Billingbear, and was taken prisoner by the parliamentary
army at the battle of Edge-hill; but at what time be died is un-
certain.
CORNET JOYCE, wlzoseized ([}ldtoolt Killg
Charle8
the lJ'irst, prisoner at l/olJ1zby, June 3, 1647 ; frolJl all
original picture; 4to. W. llicllardsoJl.
CORN ET J OY.CE; frorn a beautiful 'JniJliatare, ]Jainted
on silvel'", in tile collection of E. TV. lIfartiJl, eð'q. 8vo.
B. lleading se.
,.
This daring feHow, who was by profession a tailor, f'ntered into
the parliament army, became an active agitator, and soon attained
the rank of cornet. 'V hen the plan was formed for sci1;ing the per-
OF ENGJ...AND.
77
son of the king, at Holmby-house, without being opposed by the
guard, whose affections were all on his side, Joyce came into the
king's presence, armed with pistols, and told him, that he must im-
mediately go along with him. 1Vhither? said the king. To the army,
Teplied Joyce. By what 'warrant? asked the king. Joyce pointed
to the soldiers, whom he had brought, all of whom were tall, hand-
some, and well accoutred. Your warrant, said Charles, smiling,
is 'writ in fair characters, legible without spelling. The parliament
commissioners came into the room, and asked Joyce whether he
had any orders from the parliament? he said, No. From the general?
No :-by what authority he came? He made the same reply as to the
king. They would write, they said, to the parliament to know their
l1leasure.- You may do so, replied Joyce; but in the mean time the
king must go with me. Resistance was in vain; the king after pro-
tracting the time as long as he could, went into his coach, and was
safely conducted to the army, who were hastening to their rendez-
vous at Triploe-heath, near CaInbridge. The parliament, informed
of this event by their commissioners, were thrown into the utmost
confusion. Fairfax himself was no less surprised at the king's
arrival. The bold measure, executed by Joyce, had never been com-
municated to the general; the orders were entirely verbal; and
nobody avowed them. 'Vhile everyone affected astonishment at the
enterprise, Cromwell, by whose counsel it had been directed,
arrived from London, and put an end to their deliberations.-- Vide
Burne.
SCOTCH GENERALS, &c.
GENERAL LAS LAY (LESLEY), earl of Leven, &c.
Vandyck p. III Clarcndon's " IIistol:1J;" 8vo.
This print is placed in a part of the history which relates to David
Lesley his kinsman, for whom he was mistaken by the maker of the
index. Sec' the " British Compendium" for Scotland, p. 218. See
also l\lay's "Bre\'Íary of the History of Parliament," p. 75; and
Hilkiah Bedford's "Anonymous Translation of Dr. John Bar-
wick.s Life," p. 146.
ALEXAKDER LASLEY, general of the Scotch army;
ill Ricraft"s book.
78
ßIOGltAPIIIC.AL IIISTOR Y
ALEXANDER LESLY, general of ye Scottish army
;
oval; one of the set by Peake,. rare.
ALEXANDER LASLEY, general, &c. in ar1JlOlll", with
sash,. tru/lcheon in his hand :I' " are to be sOllld by John
Stafford, in RoselJla1"y-layne, ago. ye Roles, 1642;" 4lo.
fine and rare.
ALEXANDER LASLEY, &c. Tiebout.
. ALEXANDE
, earl of Leven, governor of Stralsund;
8vo.
July 2,
1644..
Alexander Lesley (or Lesly), earl of Leven, acquired the highest
reputation as a soldier, under Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden,
who appointed him governor of Stralsund, which he bravely and
vigilantly defended against the Imperialists.. He was also governor
of the cities along the coast of the Baltic; and afterward " felt-
marshall over the army in Westphalia."t He had the supreme
comn1and of the Scottish army when it invaded England, and was,
upon the cessation of arms betwixt the two kingdoms, created an
earl; and about the same time made governor of the castle of
Edinburgh. He also commanded the army that nlarched into
England in 1644; and which had so considerable a share in the
battle of Marston IVIoor, the greatest that was fought during the
civil war. Soon aft.er the defeat of the royal army at this place,
General Leven, the Earl of Manchester, and Fairfax, with their
combined forces, sat down before York, which presently surrendered
upon terms. They soon after divided their armies; and 1.evcn
returning intø the north, took the rich town of Newcastle.! It
sbould be observed that Alexander Lesly has been sometimes
confounded with David. See an account of the latter in the Inter-
regnum, Class VII.
1651.
. He was a mcre soldier. One day on a march in Scotland, he said to an officer,
u there is the house where I went to school." II How genl'ral," answered the officer,
u I thought you could not read?" " Pardon me, I got the length of the letter G."
Old Zachary Hamilton, preceptor to the Pretender's sun, told l11e this story.-LoRD
HAILES.
t l\Ionro's e>..pedition, 'Feb. 16:)7, p. 77. and 0
.
t l\Iay's " Breviary," &c. p. 7
.
.
OF ENGLAND.
79
JACOBUS l..EVINGSTONIUS, comes Calen-
deriæ
baro de Aumont, &c. Ant. Vander Does " ill
armOllJ",o It. sh.
The Right Honourable the Earl of CALENDAR, &c.
in Ricl'ajt's boo/c.
The Right Honourable the Earl of CALENDAR, &c.
J
Richardson.
James Levingston, earl of Calendar, who descended from the
house of Linlithgow, was formed as a soldier, in the wars of
Bohemia, Holland, Sweden, and Germany, and acquired a great
reputation in his military character. He was a gentleman of the
bed-chamber to Charles I. who created him Lord Livingston, of
Almont, in 1633, and Earl of Calendar, 1641. Upon the eruption
of the civil war, he took the side of the parliament, but afterward
attached hirrlself to' the king. He marched into England, soon
after the battle of l.\tfarston Moor, with ten thousand men, to assist
the Earl of Leven in reducing York. He was lieutenant-general of
the Scots army that attempted to rescue Charles from his confine-
ment in the Isle of \Vight. His most signal exploit was the taking
of Carlisle, in which he found a seasonable supply of arms and
ammunition. Ob. Oct. 1672. 'if:
SIR JOlIN l\IELDRUM, general of the county
of Lancaster, &c. a slnall head; ill Ricraft's "Sllrve
lJ
of Eng'Zand's ChoJJzpions," (.
'c.
SIR JOHN MELDRU1\I. JV. Richardson.
Sir John Meldrum, a Scotsman, when he entered into the service
of the parliament, joined himself to Sir \Villiam \Valler, and first
displayed his military talents in the west, particularly at the taking
of Portsmouth. \Vhen the Earl of Newcastle besieg'ec1 IIull a
second time, he made a bold sally from that fortress, beat the earl
and his whole army from tl1eir works, and raised the siege. U pOll
SCe' Crauful'll's II Peerage," p. 59.
80 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTOR \""
this success, l1e, with the assistance of Sir Thomas Fairfax, took
the strong town of Gainsborough,* and a few weeks after, the Isle
ofAxholm. He next defeated a body of forces under the COln-
mand of the Lords Byron and Molineaux, near Ormskirk. The
most signal of his actions was the taking of the town and castle of
Scarborough. According to Ricraft, he was mortally wounded in
taking this castle; but Bishop Kennet informs us, that he received
his death's wound at Ailresford, in Hampshire, and that he was
buried in 'Vestminster Abbey; but his body was, in 1661, taken
up, and, with several others, buried in a pit, in St. Margaret's
churchyard.t
JACOBUS RAMSAY, Scotus, eques auratus,
gen. maj. Æt.47, 1636.t
Continuo orando feliciter omnia cedunt ;
.Adde, laborando memorabile nomen habebis.
III armollr; a helnzet on a table.
SIR J A1\IES RAl\lSAY; in "Thcatru1Jz EUT'opæ,"
vol. iii. p. 910.
It was a maxinl with this pious major-general, that a soldier
could do much more by" wrestling with God" in his closet, than
by fighting in the field, and that prayers and baiting never hindered
a journey.
RUPERT DUG LASS. P. de Jode; 4to.
ROBERTUS DUG LASS, S. R. M. zn arlJlOll1'"; iJl all
oval. Wolfgang Kilian sculp:J' 4to.
· 20 Dec. 1643.
t See Kennet's " Register," &c. sub, ann. 1661.
t Sir James Ramsay was called the Black, to distinguish him from another of
tlle same name called the FaÏr'.-The life of this general was latcly pnblis.hcd in
4to,; it makes one of the numbers of tbe Biographia Scotiæ.
OF ENGLAND.
81
The following person, who was a Scotsman of an
illustrious fanlily, "'as general of the horse to Chris-
tina, queen of Sweden. He is 1"eprcsented in armour
1lJitlz a peaked beard. Hispl"int is thus inscribed: " lllustri
ac generoso Domino, Domino RUPERTO DUGLASSIO,
s. R. M. Sueciæ lVlilitiæ Equestris generali, et Asses-
sori Collegii Militaris Holn1ensis, Libero Baroni Hæ-
reditario in Huitingham, Domino in Schalby, zeven,
& floch, Satten, &c. Domino suo gratioso dedicat &
offert J. Falck, S. R. M. Chalcographus." D. B.!l.
J. F. se.
flEER WILHELM BROG, ridder, ende coronel
generael vande Scotsche natie; 1635; 11l arnlOUl'"
C. v. Queborcn se. 4to.
HEER 'VILHEL:\! BROG, &c. W Richardson.
W II
LIA:\l BROG, &c. Æt. 37, 1600. F. Baltesys.
He served under Frederick Henry, prince of Orange; particu-
larly at the siege of Bois]e Due. His name was Brocke, that is
Badger.
.l\N IRISH GENERAL.
ALGERNON SIDNEY, lieutenant..general of the horse in
Ireland, and governor of Dublin, 1646. See the Interregnum,
Class V. and the reign of CHARLES II. Class IX.
There is an octavo print of a young man about
eighteen, holding a helo1et. It is inscribed, "VeTa
çfjigies Henrici Coltlzu1"st; LOJldini natus. Hollar f.
1644;" in an oval; scarce. I k.now nothing of this
person.
YOLo III.
1\1
82
BIOGRAPHICA.L IIISTORY
CLASS VIII.
SONS OF PEERS WITHOUT TITLES, BARONETS,
KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, AND PERSONS IN
IN FERIOR CIVIL Ej\;JPLOYl\IENTS.
SIR CHARLES LUCAS. Dobson p. Vertue sc.
Froul tlte ort:!!,'iJlal ill the possession of Lord Byron. One
(if the set of Loyalists. The head is ill the saJ1ZC ]J!ate
'lDith Sir Georg'e Lisle's.
SIR CHARLES LUCAS. W. Dobson p. 8vo. III
[Ylarendoll's " llistory."
SIR CHARLES LUCAS; prfji.vcd to tIle
, Loyal Sacri-
fice;" 12nlo.
There is a portrait of him, exactly similar to this print, at Bil-
lingbere, the seat of Richard Neville Neville, esq. in Berkshire.
Sir Charles Lucas was son of Thomas Lucas, esq. next brother to
Sir John, who was afterward the first lord Lucas.. He was governor
of the garrison of Colchester; and signalized himself in the time of
the civil war, at Newbury, Enborne-heath, Cawood Castle, and Tet-
bury. Though he was esteen1ed a strict, and by some a rigid, discipli-
narian, no man took less advantage of a fallen enemy, or was more
ready to give that quarter which, to the disgrace of humanity, was
refused himself in the day of his distress. Sir Charles was at the
head of those loyalists, who, in 1648, shut themselves up in CoI-
chester, anù defended it with incredible resolution against the army
of Fairfax for three months. "\Vhen the garrison yielded to the
enemy, their ammunition was reduced to a barrel and a half of
powder; and their provision to two horses, anù one dog. t Sir
.,. See the H Duke of Newcastle's Life" by his dutche
s.
t l\Ir. Wood informs us, that Sir Charles was amuseu frulll time to timc with ex-
pectation of relief by John Humphrey, ala astrologer, and a disciple of LilJJ; and
that this impostor, for the falsehood of his predictions was ba
tilladoed, sent to
prison, and compelled to serve as a common soldier. _I' Alhen. Oxun." ii. cui. 1110.
OF }:N GIoiA N D.
sa
Charles met with cruel treatment for bis resolute d
fence of this
place. He, and his friend Sir George Lisle, were ordered to be
shot to death, the same day on which the parliament army entered
the town. He begged a day's respite to prepare for death, but his
request was sternly refused. He died with the cheerful and decent
courage of a soldier and a Christian. Executed August 28, 1648.
His faithful servant, who was a sorrowful spectator of his death,
with great earnestness begged the executioner of his m
ster to
dispatch him also, as his life was become" his torment.";t:.
SIR JOHN CÆSAR,of Hyde Hall, in Herts, knt.
second son of Julius Cæsar, born Oct. 20th, 1597;
died May 23d, 1647. R. JVilkillson e..rc. 4to.
Sir John Cæsar was born at St. Catherine's, near the Tower, on
tbe 20th of October, 1597, and baptized there on the 7th of the
next month. Of his education we know nothing; it was probably
of that confined and private sort which, in his time, was thought
sufficient to qualify a man for the character of a country gentleman,
and he seems to have moved in no other. He attended James the
First, however, in his journey into Scotland, in 1617, and received
there, in his minority, from that prince, the honour of knighthood.
The foHowing order from Thomas, earl of Arundel, earl-marsh a],
dated at Arundel-house, l\lay the 20th, 1623, and addressed " to
the efficers of arms, at Derby-house," is among the Lansdowne
1\'ISS. "I have received a sufficient certificate tbat Sir John Cæsar
was knighted by his Mati
at Edenborough, in Scotlande, and took
the oath of knighthoode, with all other ceremonies, accordinge to the
custom of Scotland, on the 29th day of June, 1617; and therefore
I require you to enter him accordingly in yor register of knights,
for which this sbalbe yor warrant."
In 1625, his father settled him in an independence suiterl to his
station, by a grant of estates in Hertfordshirc, particularly of the
manor and lands of Southall, otherwise called Hyde Hall, Olivers,
or East End, near Buntingford, with its fine mansion-house, which
had been huilt aLout twenty years before by Sir Leonard Hyde, and
()f which there is an engraving in Chauncey's " History of Herts."
That writer informs us, that Sir John Cæsar "was a justice of the
· u Lives of Sir Charles LUCdS and
ir George Lisle, 1618, p. 18.
84
BI OG RAPIII CA L II IS TOR Y
peace for that county divers years, being qualified with a strong
constitution, and ready smart parts." He died at Hyde Hall, on
the 23d of May, 1647, in the 54th year of his age. Sir John
Cæsar married Anne, daughter of , Villi am Hungate, of East Bra-
denham, in Norfolk, esq. by Anne, daug'hter of Sir I-Ienry 'Vode..
house. of '\Vaxham, in the same county, knt. which latter lady was
thus doubly the mother-in-law of Sir John, having become, after the
death of lVl1". Hungate, the third wife of Sir Julius Cæsar. The
fruit of this marriage was five sons and two daughters; John,
Robert, Julius, Edward, and Henry, all of whom married, and left
issue, except the last, who died a bachelor before 1684. The
daughters were Anne and Susan, who were also unmarried at that
date, and probably remained so, as they could then have been little
less than fifty years old.
SIR THOl\fAS LEVENTHORPE, the elder, of
Shingey Hall, in IIerts, bart. 1623. R. Wilkinson
e.'l'c. 4to.
Sir Thomas Leventhorpe was the eldest son of Sir John Leven-
thorpe, knighted by King J ames I. in 1603, and created a baronet
on the 30th of May, 1622, and father of Joanna Cæsar, wife of
Charles Cæsar, esq. of Great Gransden, in the county of Hunting-
don. Sir Thomas did not long survive his daughter's Inarriage in
1662, and his eldest son John died soon after him without issue;
and was succeeded by his surviving brother, another Sir Thomas,
of WhOlll Sir Henry Chauncey gives the following account: "He
was tall in stature; slender in body; mo dest in aspect; grave in
deportment; prudent in an his actions; obliging in temper: great
in courage; and unalterable in his resolutions. He was a justice
,
of the peace, a deputy-lieutenant; a colonel of the horse in the
militia for this county; and voluntarily served the king at sea in
that great expedition against the Dutch; but was most unfortunately
killed by the blow of a horse, at Melbourne, in the county of
Derby. He was a true English gentleman; honest, and valiant;
much beloved, and most heartily lamented."-He died in the 44th
year of his age, leaving by his wife, Mary, daughter of Sir
Capel Bedel, of Camerton, in the county of Huntingdon, bart. an
only child, l\lary, who was nlarried on the 15th of June, I ()72,
to John Coke, of Melbourne, in Derbyshire, esq. and was;;uccccded
OI
ENGLAN D.
85
in the title of baronet by his uncle, Charles, a clergyman, in whom
it became extinct.
SIR GILES AL1JNGTON, ancestor of the Lords
Allington, of Wimondley, in IIerts, and of Killard,
in Ireland. R. JVilkinson e:re. 4to.
This gentleman was the second son and heir of Sir Giles Alling-
ton, by Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Cecil, first earl of Exeter:
in the early part of life his prospects were clouded, and his revenues
embarrassed, by an unfortunate marriage, or rather by a most un-
just prosecution for which it formed a pretext. "April the 14th,
1631," to use the words of 1\11'. Charles Cæsar's Common-Place
Book,. " Sir Giles Allington was censured and fined in the Star-
chamber Court, 32,000l. only for marrying the daughter of his sister
by the half blood. He paid the fine to Sir Thomas Hatton, a young
courtier." Of the precise genealogical particulars attending this
connexion we are ignorant, for having been thus declared illegal,
it was of course excluded from the official pedigrees of the family in
the college of Arms. It is however stated there, in one of that
numerous class of manuscripts which, though not deémeù legal
eviùence, are unquestionably authentic, that he married "the
daughter of Mr. Dalton, and sister to Mr. Gibbes, and so his own
niece, for which incestuous match he was grievously censured, and
fined in the high commission court, 1631."
It is remarkable, however, that his issue was not bastardized.
He had three children, of whom \Villiam, his only son, was, on the
28th of July, 164
, (a poor compensation for his father's im-
mense loss)! created baron Allington, of Killard, in Ireland, and
left two sons, William and Hildebrand, the former of whom was
advanced to the English peerage, by the title of lord Allington, of
\Vimonùley, in the county of Hertford: married Diana, daughter
of \Villiam, first duke of Bedford of the Russels; and was constable
of the Tower towards the end of the reign of Charles the Second.
Giles, his only son and successor, died in ] 691, an infant of ten
years old, whereupon the English barony ceaseù, and the Irish
· See the II Life of Julius Cæsar, knt. with l\IclIloirs of his J"-'amiJy and Descend-
dutS." Lond. J U to, 4lo.
S6
llIOGRAPHIC.AL IIISTORY
}lonour devolved on his uncle Hildebrand, in whom, he dying with-
out issue, the Inale line of the Allingtons, and the tide, became
extinct together.
SIR WILLIAl\1 HERICKE; flJlJlO DOJJÛJli 1628.
J. B. (Basire) sc. In Nichols's" History of Leiccstcl"-
l' "
8/llre.
'Villiam Heyricke, Eyrike, Eyrie, or Erick (as they were ongI-
nally spelt), fifth son of John and Mary Eyrick, was born at
Leicester about the year 1557; went to London about 1574, to
reside with his brotber Nicholas; and afterward purchased a
spacious house in ,V ood-street, which had been the Lady Allett's.
He had also a house at Richmond, and another at \Vestrninster;
and, as appears by one of bis papers, for a considerable time
"resided constantly at court ;" was a man of great abilities and
address; remarkably handsome in person, as appears by a small
picture stiU preserved of him in his younger days; and was high
in the confidence of Queen Elizabeth, as well as of King James,
both before and after his coming to the crown; and, by honour-
able services to both, acquired large property.
He was sent hy Queen Elizabeth on :.10 embassy to the Ottoman
Porte; and on his return, was rewarded with a lucrative appoint-
Jllent in the Exchequer; and enjoyed several other places of
honour, and trust during the remainder of the queen's reign, and
also under her successor, King Jarnes.
In 1594-5, he purchased from the agents of Robert, earl of
Essex, that nobleman's estate and interest at Beaumanor; and
soon after, selecting this delightful spot for his residence, bought-in
an the different out8tanding leases (one of which was then in the
hands of Sir George Hastings) ; held a court-Ieet and court-baron in
that year; and in ] 595, purchased the great and small tithes of
JVlount8orell and Duorndon.
l\lay 6, 1596, he married Joan, daughter of Richard l\1ay, esq.
citizen of London (of the ancient family of May, of l\Iayfield-place,
in Sussex), sister to Sir Humphrey May, knt. chancellor of the
dutchy of Lancaster; and to Hew May, esq. one of the grooms of
the privy-cbamber to King James I. and to the lady of Sir Baptist
I-Iickes, afterward viscount Camden.
His picture at Be<.t1unanor exhibits him with a peaked beard,
OF ENGLAND.
87
a large ruff, and in a white satin doublet, which he used on
Christmas-day, attending Queen Elizabeth on that festival. He
wears a sword; and over his dress hangs loosely a large black
cloak, his plaited ruffies are closely turned back over his sleeves.
In one hand are his gloves; and the other, elevated to his breast,
holds the strings and tassels of his ruff. On one siùe, within a
wreath, is the rIlotto, "Sola Supereminet Virtus;" on the other,
"Anno Dom. 1628, Ætatis suæ 66." He died at Beaumanor,
when he was 98 years of age.
SIR GEORC}E LISLE. Ve1.tuc se. Fronl a painting;
in the possession of JIr. l-IollJlaJl. One of the set of
Loyalists. The head is ill the S{l1ne plate 'lvith ,S'ir Charles
Lucas.
SIR GEORGE LISLE; 8'vo. lJI. v. Gucht se. III ['lll-
Tendon's" Ilistory."
SIR GEORGE LISLE; preJi.,t'ed to the " Loyal
'acri-
/" "
JlCf; 121110.
Sir George Lisle, son of a bookseller in London, had his military
education in the Netherlands. He signalized himself upon many
occ
sions in the civil war; particularly at the last battle of New-
bury; when', in the dusk of the evening, he led his men to the
charge in his shirt, that his person might be more conspicuous. The
king, who was an eye-witness of his bravery, knighted him in the
field of battle. In 1648, he rose for his majesty in Essex; and
was one of the royalists who so obstinately defended Colchester,
and who died for their defence of it. This brave man, having
tenderly embraced tbe corpse of Sir Charles Lucas, his departed
friend, immediately presented hilTIself to the soldiers, who were
ready for his execution. Thinking that they stood at too great a
distance, he desired them to come nearer: one of them said, " I
warrant you, Sir, we shall hit you." He replied with a smile,
"Friends, I have been nearer you, when you have missed me."
Executed August 28, 1648.
SIR JOHN GAGE, bart. fronl tlte orig'inal at
88
nI 0 G R..\ PIJ I CAI.. II 1ST 0 R Y
IIcngrave:l' . cl1g1
aved by R. C'oopel
, 4to. in Gog'e'
" Hist01'"!} and Antiquities of IlcJ7grave, in 5'uffolk."
Sir John Gage, of PirIe, created a baronet on the 26th of March,
I 622, married Lady Penelope Darcy, third daughter of Thoma
,
earl of Rivers, and had issue by her, 1. Sir Thomas Gage, second
baronet of Firle, from whom are descended the viscounts Gage;
2. John Gage, of Stoneham, in Suffolk, who died witbout issue;
3. Sir Edward Gage, from whom is descended the present owner
of Hengrave; 4. Henry Gage, who married Henrietta, daughter of
Thomah Jermyn
of Rushbrook, in Suffolk, brother of Henry, earl
of St. Alban's, and had a son, John Gage, who died without issue;
5. Frances, wife first of Sir William Tresham, of Liveden, in
N orthamptonshire, baronet, and afterward of Sir George Gage, of
Raunds; 6. Elizabeth, wife of Sir Francis Petre, of Cranham HaU,
in Essex, grandson of WilHam, second lord Petre; 7. renelope,
wife of Henry, son and heir of Sir Henry l'vJerry, of Barton, in Der-
byshire, by Elizabeth, sister of Sir Edward Vernon of Sudbury, in
the same county; 8. Anne, wife of Henry, sixth sou of 'Villiam,
second lord Petre; 9. Dorothy, who died young, and was buried
at Hengrave. Sir John Gage died on the 3d of October, 1633, and
was buried at West Firle.
SIR ROBERT HARLEY, knight of the Bath,
of Bramton Bryan Castle, in the county of Here-
ford. P. Oliver p. in l1ziniatllre; G. Vertue sc. 1737 ;
h. sh.
SIR ROBERT HARLEY; 4to. P. Oliver (T. Trotter).
There is a portrait of him at Welbeck.
Sir Robert Harley was knight of the shire for the cõunty of
J-Iereford, and master of the mint, to which office was annexed a
salary of 4000l. a year. He first introduced that well-known artist,
Thomas Simon,'" to engrave the dies for the king's coins and
medals. In 1640, he was commissioned by the commons, to demo-
· His name is sometimes spelt Symonds. Vertue lias engraved an elegant vo-
I ume of his coins and medals.
OF ENGLAND.
89
Jish all images, crucifixes, aud other obnoxious relics of popery;
and his commission was punctually executed. lIe had consider-
able influence in the House of Commons; and like others of his
illustrious family, was a great friend and patron of learning. Ob.
6 Nov. 1656.
CAPTAIN BURLEIGII; fronz a drawing; ZlZ the
](iJlg"s "Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
This gentleman was of a good family in the Isle of'Vight, and
had been a captain of O:.1e of the king's ships, but was put out of
command when the fleet rebelled against their sovereign: he after-
ward served the king in the army, and was made a general of the
ordnaace, and at the end of the war he retired to the Isle of Wight,
where many of his famiJy then lived in good reputation. Captain
Burleigh was at Newport, the chief town in the island, when Haln-
mond, the governor of Carisbrook Cast1e, had put some iudignity on
the king, and turned all his servants out of the castle, and forbid
any of them to return to their royal master. This so incensed Bur-
leigh that he caused a drum to be beaten, and put himself at the
head of the people, who were well affected to the king, in order to
rescue him from his captivity. The populace were soon quieted,
and dispersed; but their leader, Burleigh, was seized by Hammond,
and sent a prisoner to Winchester, where he was shortly after tried
for high-treason in levying war. He was found guilty, hanged,
drawn, and quartered.
NATHANAEL BARNARDISTON, knt. of I(et-
ton, in Suffolk. F. II. Van Hove sc.
Sir Nathaniel llarnardiston, knight of the shire for Suffolk, was
a gentlclnan of exemplary behaviour in every relation of life. He
was a true fricnd to the liberties of his country, but deeply re-
I
gretted the distractions of it. I-lis piety, like the rest of his virtues,
was extraordinary; and he was a perfect pattern of conjugal fide-
lity and affcction. A detail of his character may be seen in his
Life, by the Rev. 1\11'. Samuel Fairclough; or in his Funeral Ser-
mon, by the same hand. Ob. 1653, Æt. 66. It is remarkable,
VOL. III. N
90
ßJOGRAPHIC.AL JIISTOR Y
that two baronets of bis family, Sir Samuel, and Sir Thomas
Barnardiston, sat in the House of Commons, in the reign of Anne..
SIR ROBERT A YTON, knight; fronz his 1J10l11t-
'JJlellt ill JVestntl/lster Abbe!}; 8vo. ll. 1Vilkinsoll e..l'c.
On the entablature is the following Latin inscription:
Clariss IDI Omnigenaq Virtute et Eruditione, Præsertiln
Poesi Ornati ss m1 Equitis Domini Roberti Aitoni
Ex Antiqua et Illustri Gente Aitona, ad Castrull.
I{innadinü apud Scotos, Oriundi, qui a Sereniss mo
R. Jacobo in Cubicula lnteriora admissus, in
Germaniam ad Imperatorem, Imperiiq. Priúcipes
Cum Libello Regio, Regiæ Authoritatis Vindice
Legatus, ac Primum Annæ, Demum l\iariæ,
Sereniss IDis Britanniarum Reginis ab Epistolis,
Consiliis et Libellis Supplicibus, nec non Xenodochio
Stae Catherinæ Præfeetus. Anima Creatori Reddita, Hie
Depositis Mortalibus Exuviis Secundum Uedemtoris
Adventuln Expectat.
Carolum Linquens Repetit Parentem,
Et Valedicens Mariæ Revisit
Annam, et Aulai Decus Alto Olympi
Mutat Honore.
Obiit Cæ]ebs in Regia Albaula
NOll sine l\1aximo Bonar: Omnium Hoc Dcvoti Gratiq. Animi
Luctu et l\'læore. Ætat suæ LXVIII. Testimonium Optima Patruo
Saint. Humanæ l.\ID.CXXXVIII. 10: Aitonus, );1. L. P.
.l\Iusarum D
cus Hie, Patriæq. Aulæ, Dominique,
Et Foris Exemplar, sed non lmitabile, I--lonesli.
SIR MARTIN LIS'rER" knight, 1626. R. Wllite
sc. h. sh. scarce.
.. This family is also remarkable for giving rise to the name of Roundhead, as
appears from the following note taken from Rapin's "History." II The (Lundon)
apprentices wore the hair of their head cut round, and the queen ubserving out of
a window, Samuel Barnardiston alUong them, cried out, See ,,,,-hat a handsome
roundhead is there! And the name came from thence, and was first publicly used
by Captain Hide."
OF ENG LAN 0.
91
SIlt MARTIN LISTER, knight, 162G; 8vo. W.lli-
cltardsoJl.
The original portrait, which the print nearly resembles, is in tbe
possession of George Gregory, esg 0 of Harlaxton, near Grantham,
whose grandfather caused this, and those of Sir LVlatthew, and
Lady Lister, to be engraved.
Sir l\lartin Lister was son of Sir Matthew Lister, the king's
physician, of whom there is some account in the ninth Class, to
which, and the article of Laùy LEISTER, Class XI. I refer the
reader. I shall only observe here, that he was an officer of the
militia, and that at Harlaxton is preserved a very rich and curious
belt, which he wore in that character.
"Vera ac viva effigies EDMUND I FORTESCUE
de Fillapit, (vel Fallo,vpit) in comitatu Devoniæ,
Equitis Aurati, pro obedientia sua Carolo Magnæ
Britanniæ regi, nunc in Hollandia exulis; Æt. 38,
I G4 7." IIeJlry Ðallckers sc. Hagæ Conz. in ar17l0llr;
It. Sll.
SilO Edmund Fortescue was descended from Sir Henry Fortescue,
lord chief-justicE' of the Common Pleas in Ireland, in the reign of
Hen. VI.. He, on various occasions, distinguished himself by his
courage and fidelity to Charles I. in the civil war. He was go-
vernor of Charles Fort, at Salcombe, in Devonshire, which, when
it was no longer tenable, he surrendered upon honourable terms.
He afterward fled into Holland, and in his exile compounded for
his estate, at upwards of 660l. He lies buried at Delft, where a
monument is erected to his memory.
SIR PI-IILIP MAYN'V ARING, a gentleman of
an ancient family, and of eminent abilities, was
secretary to the Earl of Strafford. His portrait is
in the same print with that of the earl.
SIR J.A.MES CAMBELL, knight; some tinle
,. rhj
Sir Henry married tu his second wife the heiress of Fallowpit.
92
B lOG RAP II I C ALII 1ST 0 It ,
lord mayor and senior alderman of London, &c.
G. (Glove']") sc. 8vo. scarce. There is a print of !tis
TOJJzb, by
lJIarshall.
Sir james Cambell, a worthy magistrate, succeeded Sir Richard
Dane, in the office of lord mayor, 1629. See Browne's" Rare Pat-
terne of Justice and Mercy," in which is an account of" Il1any
notable and charitable legacies of Sir James Cambell, knight and
alderman," 1624.
JOHANNES WEBSTER US. Cor. Jo. (Johnston)
p. T. lJfathalll sc. eight Latin verses, by C. Barlælls.
See the reign of Charles II. Class VIII.
MR. WILLIA1VI HERVEY. ftf. Vauderg'llclzt sc.
III tlte best edition of Cozvley's Works, in 8vo..
\Villian1 Hervey, second son of Sir 'Villiam Hervey, of Ickworth,
was a young gentleman of many excellent and amiable qualities.
lIe was a fellow-collegiate, anù intimate friend of J\tIr. Cowley,
who has very feelingly lamented his death, in an excellent copy of
verses. I-Ie died at Cambridge, the '23d of Sept. 1642, in the 23d
year of his age. His brother was direct ancestor to the present Earl
of Bristol.
Chosen ISAAC PENNINGTON, lord mayor of London;
for 1642. ld 7 . I .. 7 d . .
g;o -CllaIn,. 8zvorl In IllS Ilan : a s7Jlall portrall, ill a
large half-sheet prillt, ell titled " The CornnÛttee, or Po-
pery in .1Jlasque'J"llde." The several sectaries arc sitting' at
a table, beforc 'lvhich stand the nzare and the quaker, *
'" Sir John Dcnham has written a ba])ad on this subject, which begins thus:
Ie All in the land of Essex,
Near Colchester the ze
lous,
'Vas play'd such a prank
On the siùe of a bank,
As would have made a stonehorse jealous,"
The story of the dog and the elùer's mairl is much of the same kind; of this there
is also a ballad. 1\lr. Dryden alludes to this story in the second part of " Absa-
10m and Achitophcl." It is worth the reader"s while to turn to the verses.
OF ENGLA.ND.
93
llnd the dog' and the elder's 'Jll a Ùl,
'c. 'lCltft lnany verses
underneath, describing the different sects, and the persons
'}'e}Jresentcd in the print.
ISAAC PE:NNINGTO
; cut ill 'lvood; prçfL'l:ed to "A
true Declaration and jllst C07Jz7Jzendatioll of the g'reat
and iJlconzparable Care of the Rig.Jzt /lonourable Isaac
1
cJlllillgt01l, Lord Mayor of the City of London, in ad-
vancing' and pro,}}loting' tlze Bulwarks and FortijicatioJls
about the City and Sllburbs, u'ith a Vindication of his
/IoJlollr fronz all the 1'Jlaliciolls Aspersions of 1I1alig'-
nants. l
ublished and presented to his !foJlour by TV.
1."
1643.
ISAAC PENNINGTON, with sword in hand,. sJJlall,-
front the above print.
ISAAC PE
NINGTO
, lord mayor,&c. UT.Richardson.
ISAAC PENXI
GTON, lord mayor, &c. with. his
llutog"raph and seal in "Cau!fiellts Hig"h Court of
Justice ."
Isaac Pennington, the f:ictious lord mayor of London, was of a
very different character from the town-clerk (or mayor) of Ephesus,
as he was the greatest raiser ojll/mulls in this reign. In 1640, he
presented a petition for the total alteration of church government,
which was signed by fifteen thousand persons. The licensing of
Ovid's" Art of Love," was then heavily complained of, among the
ecclesiastical abuses; and indeed with much more reason than the
greater part of theine * In 1643, he presented another petition
.. John 'Varner, another seditions lord mayor, raised a great tumult in this
reign about rosemary and bays, at Christmas.t It is observable, that many persons
at that time of Lhe year, affected to hold minced pies in the utmost detestation;
though they were well known to have no aversion to them at any other seélson.
t u IIist. of Independency," i. 83.
D4
BIO G RAPII I CAI
11 1ST OR ,-
against making peace with the king. He was one of the alder-
men who, with Thomas Andrews, the lord mayor, personally pro-
claimed the act for abolishing kingly government. I-Ie was one of
the king's judges who surrendered themselves at the restoration,
and who, though attainted and convicted of high-treason, were
r
pited from execution. He died soon after in the Tower, of which
he had been lieutenant.*
SIll PIlI LIP STAPLETON; froln a dra1ving ZIt
the KiJ1!!,"s "Clarcndon." R. G"'oopcr se.
Sir Philip Stapleton, a younger son of a good family, inherited
a moderate estate of about 6001. a year, in Yorkshire, and, accord.
ing to the custon1 of the country, spent 111uch of his time in those
pleasures which horses and dogs administer. Being relurned to
serve in parliament, he concurred with his neighbours, Hotham
and Cholmondley, in the prosecution of the Earl of Strafford, antI
supported that measure with all his power. He was a Inuch
younger man than either of his two friends, and had strengthenecl
a hond of amity with Sir John Hotham, by a marriage with his
daughter. He was particularly busy in committees; likewise in pre-
paring and presenting petitions for redress of grievances, &c. but
does not appear to have acted in any military capacity during the
trou bles.
SIR PAUL PINDAR, with his brother; t'lVO ovals.
'I ,
rolier se.
Sir Paul Pindar was early distinguished by that frequent cause
of promotion, the knowledge of languages. He was put apprentice
to an Italian master, travelled much, and was appointed ambas-
saùor to the Grand Seignor by James I.; in which office he gained
great credit, by extending the English commerce in the Turkish do-
nlinions. He brought over with him a diamond valued at 30,0001.;
thc king wished to buy it on credit, but this the sensible merchant
declined; but favoured his nlajesty with the loan on gala days:
his unfortunate son became the purchaser. Sir Paul was appointe(l
fanner of the customs by J,1111CS, and frequently supplied that
t See Slr.n>c's Sluw.
OF ENGLAND.
D5
n1onarch's wants, as well as those of his successor. lIe was
esteemed at one time worth 236,000l. exclusive of bad debts, in
the year 1639. His charities wcre very great, he expended 1fJ,OOOI.
in the repair of St. Paul's cathedral. He was ruined by his con-
nexions with his unfortunate lTIonarch, and, if I renlember right,
underwent imprisonment for debt. It is said that Charles owed
him, and the rest of the old commissioners of the customs, 300,0001.;
for the security of which, in 1649, they offered the parliament
100,000l.; but the proposal was rejected. He died August 22,
1650, aged 84.- Vide Pennant's" London."
ARTHUR GOOD\VIN, father of Jane, his sole
daughter and heiress, * second lady of }'>l1ilip, lord
Wharton; Vandyck p. P. JZ GUllSt sc. E.t
1JlllSeO se-
'reJlislJ'. dOJ7lÏJli de Wharton.. whole ICJl/5,tlt; larg'e h. s/i.
This portrait, together with the rest of the Wharton family, was
bought of the duke 1;>y the late Lord Orford, who gave him a 1001.
for each of the whole lengths, and 50l. for each of the half lengths.
That of Arthur Goodwin, esteemed one of the best, is in the
grand collection of the Duke of Devonshire, to whom Lord Orford
made a present of it. See" Anecdotes of Painting," ii. p. 100,
2d edit.
Arthur Goodwin, who was one of the active patriots in this
reign, was a very intimate friend of the celebrated Harnùen. His
daughter Jane, was the second of the three wives of }"Jhilip, lord
'\Vharton, by whom she was mother of the famous marquis, and
grandmother to the more famous duke; who soon dissipated the
estate at Upper 'Vinchendon, in Buckinghamshire, which she
brought into the family.t The nl
rquis laid out an incredible sum
· There seems to be a mistake here, as in the" Anecdotes of Painting," vol. ii.
p. 101. 2d edit. note 1, Arthur Goodwin is said to be the father of Mrs. Smith.
t The manor of 'Vinchelldoll is situated in a very dirty part of the cOllnty of
Buckingbam, where the soil is a very stijf clay. Cibber, the Jaureat, who sometimes
visited the duke, was once in his coach with him. when it went very slowly through
a deep slough. Colley, with his usual vivacity
nd
ssurance, said to his grace;
" It is reported, my lord duke, that JOu run out of your estate; but it is impossible
for you to run out of this." Communicated by my late honoured friend and patron,
Henry BOJ'le, csq, who had it from Cibber himself.
DG
BIOGRAPIIICAL llISTOR \...
of money upon the manor-house there, which was puHcd down a
few years ago, and the materials sold.
MR. IIENRY IIASTINGS; 1vhole length 4to. Bre-
tlzertoil fecit, 1782; an etching', front the orÎg-inal in the
collectioll of the Earl of 5'lzaftesvury.
Henry Hastings was second son of the Earl of Huntingdon; and
inherited a good estate in Dorsetshire from his mother. He was
one of the keepers of the new forest, and resided in his lodge
there during a part of every hunting season; but his principal
residence was at ,V oodlands, in Dorsetshire, where he had a
capital mansion; and one of his nearest neighLours was the Lord-
chancellor Cooper, first earl of Shaftesbury. Two men could
not be more opposite in their dispositions and pursuits. They
had little communication, and their occasional meetings were ren-
dered disagreeable to both, from their different sentiments on
politics. Lord Shaftesbury, who was the younger man, was the
survivor; and the following account of Mr. IIasting8) is said to
have been the proàuction of his pen.
" l\lr. Hastings was low of stature, but véry strong and active;
of a ruddy complexion, with flaxen hair. His clothes were always
of green cloth; his house was of the old fashion, in the midst of a
large park, well stocked with deer) rabbits, and fish-ponds. He
had a long narrow bowling-green in it, and used to play with
round sand-bowls: here too he had a banquetting-roorn, built like
a stand in a large tree. He kept all sorts of hounds that ran buck,
fox, hare, otter, and badger; and had hawks of aU kinds, both
long and short winged. His great hall was cornn10nly strewed
with marrow-bones; and full of hawk-perches, hounds, spaniels,
and terriers; here and there a pole-cat was intermixed; and
hunter's poles in great abundance. His parlour was a large room,
completely furnished in the same style. On a broad hearth, paved
with brick, lay some of the choicest terriers, hounò.s and spaniels;
one or two of the great chairs had litters of cats in them, which
were not to be disturbed; of these, three or four always attended
him at dinner; and a little white wand lay by his trencher to defend
it, if they were too troublesome. In the windows, which were very
Jarge, lay his arrows) cross-bows, and other accoutrements. The
corners of his roOlU were fined with the best hunting and hawking-
OF ENGI..AND.
97
poles; his oyster-table stood at the lower end of the room, which
was in constant use twice a day, aU the year round; for he never
failed to eat oysters both at dinner and supper, with which the
neighbouring town of Poole supplied him. At the upper end of
the room, stood a small table, with a double desk; one sidp. of
which held a church Bible; the other, the Book of lVIartyrs. On
different tables in the room, lay hawk's hoods, bells, old hats, with
their crowns thrust in, full of pheasant eggs, tables, dice, cards,
and store of tobacco-pipes. At one end of this rOOln was a door,
which opened into a closet, w here stood bottles of strong-beer, and
wine, which never can1e out hut in single glasses, which was the
rule of the house; for he never exceeded himself, nor permitted
others to exceed. Answering to this closet, was a door into an old
chapel, which had been long disused for devotion; but in the
pulpit, as the safest place, was always to be found a cold chine of
beef, a venison-pasty, a gammon of bacon, or a great apple-pie,
with thick crust, well baked. This table cost him not luuch,
though it was good to eat at: his sports supplied an but beef and
nlUtton, except on Fridays, when he had the best fish. He never
wanted a Loudon pudding; and he always sang it in with, 'lVfy
part lies therein-a.' He drank a glass or two of wine at meals,
put syrup of gillyflowers into his sack, and had always a tun glass
of small beer standing by him, which he often stirred round with
rosemary. lIe lived to be a hundred, and never lost his eye-
sight, nor used spectacles. II e got on horseback without help;
and rode to the death of the stag till he was past fourscore." See
Gilpin's" Forest Scenery," vol. II. He died Oct. 5th, 1650, and
,vas interred at Horton church, in Dorsetshire.
GEORGE TOOKE, of Popes, in con). Hartford,
Arm. " Militia mea multiplex." Ed17zund lIIarJJzlOJl f.
410. rare.
George Tooke. This gentleman as we learn from Sir Henry
Chauncy, was second SOI1 of 'V alter Tooke, of --, in the parish
of Bishop's Hatfield, in the county of Hertford, esq. His first lady
was Elizabeth, second daugbter of Richard Sidley, esq. After her
demise he married Mary, daughter of Thomas Cornish, or Conisby,
esq. He died without issue by either of his wives.
There is a small octavo published, but not written, by John
VOL. III. 0
98
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Greaves. It is entitled, "A Description of the Grand Signonr's
Seraglio," &c. which that great n1an has dedicated "To his
honoured and truly noble friend, George Took, esq. of Popes, in
the county of Hartford." See the dedication of this book, which
was printed in 1650, and again in 1653.
JOHN lIARRISON, of Leeds, esq. &c. "Te111-
plllllt pro 110111110;" h. s/i. 1'orc.
JOHN HARRISON, &c. 4to. W. Richardson.
JOB:\'" HARRISON, &c. frOJll an orig'inal picture, R.
TVilkinsol1* C.l'C. 4to.
. The following biographical memoir of Juhn Harrison, esq. was wrítten by Ed-
mund Lodge, esq. Norruy king at arms, to accompany this portrait :_U It will, per-
llaps, be allowed bJ all, excl'pt a few pedants, who submit implicitly to the technical
5trictness of etJ mology, that there are two sorts of patriotism: the one belongs to
kings, statesmen, legislators, soldiers, and sailors; it attempts to serve the immense
aggregate of a community, consisting often of many millions; ànd, as it almost
always mistakes the true means, generally fails to produce the end: the other is to be
found among those individuals wbo stand foremost in small societies; whose sphere
of mental vision is not fancifully enlarged by the heat of a distempered imagination;
whose capacity of beneficence is more powelful, because it is more circumscribed;
v.'bose sincerity can never be doubted, and whose endeavours are always successful.
"Among the many who have so flourished and perished,
Imost unnoticed, except
in those confined circles which Providence ordained them to ornament and to bless.
may be reckoned JOHN HARRISON of Leeds, a mall whose life seems to have been
almost wbolly dt:voted to the service of his township.
" He was born in 1579, and baptized on the 1Cth of August in that year; the only
son of John Harrison of Leeds, by Elizabeth, daughter of Henry :i\Iarton of the same
town. Of the younger part of his life, or indeed, of his dmuestic character in maturer
years, we know littre. Thoresby, author of the topography of Leeds, under tbe
title {)f ' Ducatus Leodit.'nsis,' has communicated much information as to his public
works; but Thoresby, fur many years before his death, had been preparing materiab
for a second volume, which he intended to h:ive been purely historical, and for
which, as he informs us in his publication, he reserved · the memoirs of this noble
benefactor, 1\lr. Harrison :' that second part, lwwever, he did not live to complete j
and, after his death, his manuscripts were dispersed into various hands.
u l\Ir. Harrison derived from his father a very considerable fortune, "hich had been
acquired in trade in the town of Leeds, most of which he applied to the purchase of
real estates tbere. The annual rents of these, with additions from his own com-
mercial profits, he distributed in pri\'ale charities, alienating frum time to time large
OF :ENG LA.ND.
99
John Harrison, esq. alderman of Leeds, deserves to be remem-
bered to the latest posterity, for his judicious beneilictions and
portions of the fee-simple, much improved by him, to the various purposes of his
vast public munificence.
U The ancient free-school having stood in an inconvenient situation, and being too
small for the increased population of the town, he removed it,
ays my author,
· to a pleasant field of his own, which he surrounded with a substantial wall, and
then in the midst of the quadrangle built the present fabric.' He erected also the
Imspital, or almshouse, near his own church (of which we shall presently speak), for
the residence of forty decayed housekeepers, together with its chapel, and endowed
it with houses and lands in the new streets, and in a part of the town called the
Tenters, wbich were then annually let for 521. 5s. together with the moiety of a mill
called Flaycrow, and the reversion of another estate, of the yearly rent of SOL. in
Head-row, and Yicar-Iane, on the failure of issue from his sisters.
" The handsome cross in the middle of the market-place was erected solely at his
expense; and the New Street, or New Kirk Gt1te, was wholly built by him, and the
rents appropriated to pions and charitable purposes. This street is terminated by
St. John's, or the New Church, the prime monument, among the many, of his bound-
less beneficence; raised entirely by himself, at an immense charge; endowed by him
with an annual revenue of 80t.; and completed in 1634, on the 21st of September,
in which year it was consecrated by Archbishop N eile. N ear this stately temple
be allotted from his estate a portion of land sufficient to afford every rural comfort
and convenience, and built on it a very good house for the residence of its minister.
" Here, had he been prompted to these great acts by motives of vain glory and
ostentation, surely he might have rested, and excJaimed, with the poet, Jam opus
exegi7 &C. ; but no sooner was his church finished, than we find him purchasing of a
1\Ir. Falkillgham an andent capital mansion in the town, called llockley-hall, for-
merly the seat of a family of that name of great antiquity, together with a very
.considerable property in land. Part of this estate he sold, and the rents of the rc-
mainder, says. Thoresby, · he gave to pious uses, and particularly towards the eòu-
.cation and maintenance of the indigent descendants of his two sisters.'-lt should
seem that the sisters of l\Ir.lIarrison were here intended, but it is not so; the sisters
alluded to were those of 1\lr. }'alkingham, of whom the conscientious Harrison had
discovered, or imagined, that he had made the purchase too cheaply, and therefore
determined to restore to the family the balance which he thougbt was, in equity,
due to them. He bequeathed them accordingly 1600l. by a codicil to his last will,
wllich, for its modest and unassuming terms, SO remark3bly indicative of his cha-
racter, we will transcribe vcrbutim: · Whereas I heretofore bought of Richard
}'alkingham, ('sq. divers lands and tenements, part of which I endowed the nc\\"
church withal, and part I since sold to several persons for a good sum of money,
more than I purchased the same for; I have thought myself bound to bestow upon
the two ddest sons of John Green, and John Hamerton, who married the coheirs
of Richard Falkingham, the overplus of all such monies as I
old the lands for, more
than the land cost me,' &c. Such wa
this excellent person in an his dealings.
.. The town of Leeds was fi rst incorporatcd by King Charles the First, in 1626,
Gnd the charter then granted, vested the government in a chief magistrate, with the
100
BI OGRAPHICA L II ISTOR Y
charities to that place. As tbe church there was too slllall to
contain the numerous inhabitants, he built and endowed another,
title of alderman, nine burgesses, and twenty-four assistants. 1\Ir. Harrison was
the first who beld the office of alderman, to which he was a second time elected, in
1634. He was also one of the eight principal persons of the town, who jointly pur-
chased the man'or of Leeds from the crown in the same reign.
u It is much to be regretted, as we have before observed, that no memorials havë
been preserved of the private life of this excellent man. It is not enougl1 to say,
, By his works shall ye know him.' The mind would dwell on the slightest cir-
cumstances of his story with a mild complacency, wholly different from those emo-
tions with which we contemplate the characters of the heroes of hi
tory, but not less
delightful. AU sources of intelligence on that part of our subject, however, have
been long closed; and we can add to this sketch little beyond mere matter of ge-
nealogy. l\Ir. Ha."rison married Elizabeth, daughter of a 1\lr. Foxcroft, who resided
-near Halifax. She died on the 5th of l\lay, 1631, without issue, and he remained
a widower till his death, on the 29th of October, 1656, when the remains of his
<,states, much diminiihed by his meritorious profusion, feU among the descendants
of his two sisters, Edith, wife of Thomas Gledhill, of Barkisland, esq. and Grace,
"\\ife of Alexander Robinson, merchant of Leeds; whose eldest son, Henry Ro-
binson, B. D. and vicar of that town, afterward emulated, to the best of his power,
his unde's munificence, particularly in erecting a stately entrance, with curious
columns, to the new church.
" 1\lr. Harrison lies buried at the east end of that church, under a monument of
black marble, over which is the portrait at full length, in his municipal robes, from
"\\ hich the present engraving is taken. On the tomb is the following inscription,
IlJOre creditable to the fidelity than to the taste of the writer, composed by Dr. Lakc,.
then vicar of Leeds, and afterward bh,hop of Chichester.
" Here
esteth the borly of 1\lr. John Harrison,
The wonder of his own, and pattern of succeeding ages:
Eminent for prudence, piety, loyalty, charity;
'VIm, besides other works of a pious munificence,
A nd many great instances of an excellent virtue,
Founded an hospital for relief of indigent persons
Of good conversation, and formerly industrious;
Built the free-school of this town for the
Encouragement of learning,
Together with a chapel; this church, which most may cnvy,
For the exercise of religion;
.And endowed it with eighty pounds per annum.
Also, that he might do good in all his capacities,
] Ic erected a stately cross for the convenience of the market j
And, baving given these pledg
s of a joyful resuIfcclion,
:FeH asleep,
October 29th, Auuo nom. 16,:,b,
Ætatis suæ 77."
OF ENGLAN D.
101
at his own expense. He founded and endowed a comlnodious
hospital for the poor, who, during their health and strength, had
ùeen industrious. He also founded a free-school, and built a
stately market-cross. He left the annual income of his real estate,
which his munificence had greatly exhausted, to be applied to the
relief of his poor relations. The males were, at the discretion of
his executors, to be put out to trades, and the females to have a
suitable portion given with them in Inarriage. He died the 29th
of October, 1656, in the 77th year of his age,* and was buried in
the noble church which himself had founded. His llalne deserves
ever to be joined with that of The JUan of Ross. His works, some
of which relate to the antiquities of Leeds, were printed at the re-
qnest of his friends, in 1647.t
JACOBUS
in Conlitatu
/I. sit.
CALTHORPE, de East Bashanl,
N orfolciæ, Armiger; Æt. 3
. 1642,
.
II
was probably of the same family with Sir Henry Calthorpe,
the recorder, who published" The Customs and Liberties of the
City of London," in octavo. A person of both his names, was
" .l\Iarmora quid cælas, sculptor, quid inanc sepulcbrulU ?
Exegit monulUentum ære perennius.
Templl1m pro tumulo, sacri præconia verbi,
Diviniæ(]lle preces sunt cpitaphium.
Fingere si quid vis, phænicem finge suorum
Jam prolem cinerum morte supcrstitem."
1\Ir. Harrison, at the request of his friends, printed, in 1617, some mis<,'ellaneou
pieces, a l l10ng which Thoresby enumerates a tract entitled, .. The Govcrnment of
the Town of Leeds, before it was a corporation;" and "A Letter to Baron Rigby."
Of the latter book, which probably relatcd to local subjects only, the writer of these
noticcs has not been able to find a copy.
'" He was
eventy-seven, if we may depend 011 the datc on the print; according
to other accounts, 110 more than scven ty.
t In the catalogue of .l\Ir. Thoresby's l\iSS. at the end of his Ie Ducatus Leedien-
is," p. 543. is this article: II The government of the town of Leeds before it was
m:tde a corporation, drawn up by John lJw"riso71, csq. from "hose autograph (pellcs
Alderm. Tho. Dixon) I transcribed it. IIis letter to Baron H;/:".'I. His jll'(IYl'r.
This is not anl(1l1gst those printed at the reque
t of hi
fricnd
, It3!7 (by ,1\1r. Juhn
J ack
Oll of Berwick.)"
102 n JOG R _A P HI C _A L 11 1ST 0 n \T
knighted by Cromwell, in December 1656. lIe was then sberiff
of the county of Suffolk.
JOHN LA l\IOT1'E, esq. citizen of I.london, &c.
]i'aithorne f. l-Jefore Beller's Life of hÙn, 1656, 4to.
J 0 II N LA 1\10TT E, esq. &c. 1JZ llichardson.
John La l\lotte was son of Francis La l\Iot.te, a native of Y pres, .
in Flanders, whence he fled into England from the persecution of
the Duke of Alva, and settled at Colchester, where he had a prin-
cipal hand in setting up and promoting the manufacture of" sayes
:Iud bayes." John became an eminent and wealthy merchant in
London, and was chosen alderman of the city. None of his con-
temporaries Inaintained a fairer character, or had a more extensive
credit. His piety was exemplary; and his charities, in his life-
time, almost without example. They extended to the distressed
Protestants in foreign parts, as well as to multitudes of miserable
objects in the three kingdoms. lIe died much lamented by all
that knew him, on the 13th of July, 1655. He was grandfather to
the facetious Dr. 'Villiam King, author of the" .Art of Cookery,"
and many other pieces of wit and 11umour.. Particulars of his
life may be seen in the book aoove mentioned, and in Clarke's
"Lives of eminent Persons," 1683, foJ.
I-IENRY 'VELBY, gent. J'itting' at a table, u,ith II
book open before /ÛUl, on UJ/Ûch is Ù1SC1
iúfd, H TTanitas
vnnitatu1Jz, OJJlJLÏa vanitas."
Ie has a long' {fnd thick
heard, ond a staff ill his ri
1ll hand. 1
llI. (Jlar
'!tall)
sc. BefoTe his Life, in 4to. IG37, which is vcry rare.
It has been rejJrinted ill the " Phæni:t, BritaJ/J1iclls,'. 4[0.
I-IEKRY 'V ELBY, gent. &c. fV. Richardson.
IIENRY 'V ELBY, gent. &c. ill Ctluijieltl"J' "llc-
1Jlar!ìable Persolls."
.. See King's" l\lht:cIJanic:s, 'J 1" 11.
OF ENGL.AND.
103
I-Ienry '\Velby was a native of Lin{'olnshil"e, where he had an
state of above a 1000l. a year. He po
sessed, in an eminent
degree, the qualifications of a gentleman. Having been a com-
petent time at the university and the inns of court, he complcted
his education by making the tour of Europe. He was happy in
the love and esteem of his friends, and indeed of all that knew
l1Ïm, as his heart was warm, and the virtues of it were conspieuou
from his many acts of humanity, benevolence, and charity. When
he was about forty years of age, his brother, an abandoned profli-
gate, made an attempt upon his life with a pistol, which not going
off, he wrested it from his hands, and found it charged with a
double bullet. lIenee he formed a resolution of retiring from the
world; and taking a house in Grub-street, he reserved three rooms
for himself; the first for his diet, the second for bis lodging, and
the third for his study. In tbese he kept himself so closely retired,
that for forty-four years he was never seen by any human creature,
except an old maid that attended him, who had only been per-
mitted to see him in some cases of great necessity. His diet was
constantly bread, water-gruel, milk, and vegetables, and, when he
induJged himself most, the yolk of an egg. tIe bought all thp
new books that were published, most of which, upon a slight exa-
mination, he rejected. His time was regularly spent in reading
meditation, and prayer. No Carthusian monk was ever n10re con-
stant and rigid in his abstinence. His plain garb, his long and
silver beard, his mortified and venerable aspect, bespoke him an
ancient inhabitant of the desert, rather than a gentlelnan of fortune
in a populous city. lIe expended a great part of his income in
acts of charity, and was very inquisitive after proper objects. lie
died the 29th of October, 1636, in the 84th year of his age, alu{
lies buried in 81. Giles's church, near CrippJegate. The old maid
servant died but six days before her master. He had a very ami-
able daughter, who married Sir Christopher Hilliard, a gentleman
of Yorkshire; but neither she, nor any of her family, ever saw her
father afier his retirement.
Jl\.COBU8 ASI-IEUS, Æt. 56; Zll SiJnon'8 " lIIe-
daIs;" plate xx.
.James Ash was luen1ber of parlian1ent for Bath in 1640, and
afterward in 16.36; also recorder of the said city, and one of the
committee at Guildhall for compounding estates.
104 BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTOR Y
Effig. vera GUlL. LEE, Patris hujus Progeniei,
Ætatis sure 89, 1635. Tile head, u,ith arJJts at bottom,
is at the 'root of a genealoÆ"ical tree, *
vlzich covers a large
sheet. Guli. Porte]" e"l'c.
Effig. vera GUlL. LEE, &c. oval; 8vo. W. Richa1"d-
son.
WiHiam Lee, of Abingdon, in Berkshire, is memorable for the
blessing of health and long life, and the multiplication of his pro-
geny. He had, by his first wife, two sons; and by his second,
four sons and eleven daughters. He married a third wife, with an
honest and laudable intention of begetting more, but she unfor-
tunately proved barren: it is probable, that he would otherwise
have distinguished himself as a prolific patriarch. He lived to see
seventeen in the first descent, seventy-eight in the second, and one
hundred and two in the third; in all, one hundred and ninety-
seven; who were living on the 5th of November, 1637. lIe is
recorded here as a singular benefactor to the public. Such men
were greatly wanted by the nation at this period, to repair the de-
population of the civil war. .
SIR WIJ-ALIAM DICK, of Braid, kt. is variollslg
'represented by llobert and TVillianz Vallg"Jzun, perhaps
father and /1'011, in a folio pamphlet, which contains all
account of his sufferings.t 1. He is seen proudly rnollllted
on horseback; 2. arrested, and ill the se1jeallt's hands;
3. dead in prison.
SIR \VILLIAM DICK. Thane.
The strange vicissitudes of human life, and especially those of
the calamitous kind, were never more frequent than in the eventful
reign of Charles I. If we except the fate of that monarch, they
Ingen
Exiit ad cælum ramis felicibus arbos,
l\liraturque nova
frondes.-VIRG.
t It i
entitled H The lamentable State of the deceased Sir 'ViJJiam Dick."
.
OF EN G IA AND.
105
were, perhaps, in no instance 1110re signally exemplified than in
that of Sir William Dick, who was lord provost of Edinburgh, and
a very eminent merchant, with a fortune, as he says himself, of
up\-\-ards of 50,000/. Having the means, he did not want the incli-
nation, to assist his countrymen, the covenanters, with large sums
of money to defray the necessary expenses of the war; but they
failing in their payments, he so far overstrained his credit, that his
bills were returned protested, and he was totaHy ruined. He here-
upon earnestly applied for relief to the parliaments of England and
Scotland. According to his state of the account, there were due
to hin1 from England 36,8031. from Scotland 28,1311. in all,
64,9:34/. for the paYlnent of which he had warrants granted on the
chamber of London, in 1641; 011 the English customs, in 1643
and 1644 ; on the cavaliers' estates, in 1646; and on the excise of
wine, in Scotland, 1651. It appears by Lord Loudon the chan-
cellor of Scotland's letters to the English House of Commons, and
to the commissioners in London, 1644, that there was a clear
balance due to Dick of 34,0001. from that nation. Notwithstanding
these warrants for repayment, and the application of the Scots to
their brethren in England, he had only recovered 10001. in 1653,
after sixteen years' solicitation, during which time he was reduced
to so great straits, that he was arrested for some small debts
contracted for his necessary subsistence, and, as it seems, died in
prison, the 19th of Dec. 1655, aged 75. Hence we may learn,
that however loudly republicans may talk of liberty, they can be
guilty of as flagrant violations of common justice as the most des-
potic princes, when the political necessity of the state calls, or only
serves as a plausible pretence for it.. .
An a}lOnY17lOUS pl'int of a '/nan in, his own hair, with
whiskers and a peaked beard, a plain coat resemúling huff,
a shoulder-knot of striped l'iband, and ribands ill hows of
the sa17le kind, which fasten his coat instead of huttons;
.. Cromwell thought himse]f free from all engagements which tIle Scottish govern-
ment had contracted. The Scots, by tbeir repeated rebellions, forfeited all claim to
his favour.-The Earl of Dumferlinc engaged deeper than Sir Williatn Dick; and
all of his extensive estates were sold or distributed among his creditors.-LoRD
HAILES.
VOL. Ill.
p
106 BIOGRA PIIICA L B ISTOll Y
all el71broidcred OrJl{1711cn!, the fore }Jart of which is not
Zlnlilfe a breast-plate. TV. Hollar f. Londini, 1644, 8vo.
]'his print, which is not in tile catalog'ue of Hollar
s
Works,' is ill AIr. Bulfs collectioll. The Portrait is es-
tccJ7zed by the best inforJ71td Jl{{(!!,'es, to be that of Colonel
l\Tathaniel Ficnnes, second SOil (if Lord
ay.
ED'V ARD CAL'TER, gent. of Wilbie, in the
county of Suffolk. 8vo. lïlc be.
.t ÙnprcssioJls are before
the nal1ZC of Stcnt.
ED"?ARD CALVEH, &c. rv: Richardson.
I am informed from a manuscript nott
under this head, in the
collection of
lr. Thoresby,* that he was a relation of Bernard
Calver, or Calvert, of Andover, who went from Southwark to
Calais, July 17, 1620, and back again the same day. I-Ie set out
at three in the morning, and returned about eight in the evening,
in good health and spirits.t See Granger's " Letters," p. 273.
The true and lively pourtraiture of that worthy
Gentleman LAWRENCE RAWDON, late alderman
of the cittie of Yorke. He died at Yorke, the 25th
of July, 1626. A. Hertocks sc. One of the scarcest of
the Rawdon Janzil!J.
He was the son of Ralph Rawdon, and married Margery,
daughter of Nicho]as Barton, esq.
· Now Sir William :l\Iusgrave's.
t An exploit like that of Calvert's is mentioned in Birch's" Life of Roùert
Boyle," p. 8.-The most eÀtraordinary instance of this kind În hi!\tory is tliat of
Cooper Thornhill, an innkeeper, at Stilton in Huntingdon
hire, who rode from that
place to London, and back again; and also a second time to London, in one day;
which made in all two hundred and thirteen miles. He undertook to ride - this
journey with
everal horses in fifteen hours, but performed it in twelve and a quarter.
-Some years ago, Lord James Cavendish rode from Hyde Park Corner to 'Vinrlsor
Lodge, which is upwards of twenty miles, in less than an hour. l\Iany horst's, and
sOlue men, have since lost their Jives by exploits of the like kind.
OF EX(
LAND.
]07
IIENRY SMITH; a 1JlOJ/1l171ental ç[fì'g'ie kJlceling,\
I/olding" a sCllll in both hands. ll. Slzeppalyl. I'll Dale
s
" Harwicll and ])ovcr Courts;" 4to.
Henry Smith, known generally by the name of Dog Smith, was
born at Wandsworth, of very humble extraction, and became citizen
and alderman of London. During his life, he gave to the tpwn of
Croydon, Kingston, Guildford, Dorking, Farnham, each 10001. to
buy lands for perpetuity, to relieve. and set poor people to work in
the said towns; and, by his last will, to Riegate and Richmond, each
1000l. and to Wandsworth, 5001. and 10001. to buy lands for per-
petuity, to redeem poor captives and prisoners from the Turkish
tyranny; 10,0001. to buy impropriations for goùly preachers, and
many other legacies. He died 1627-8, LEt. 79, at his house in
Silver-street, and was buried at Wandsworth. For a further ac-
count see Mr. Bray's and Lyson's " Surrey."
FRANCOIS HA'VKINGS, tirant a rage des dix
ans. J. P. (Payne) se. 127710.
FRANCOIS HA'VKINS, a rage d'huit ans; four Eng;-
/ish verses, "See l1ére th
ejJzg"ies of a child;" no ell-
,
graver s nanze.
This young gentleman died in the year 1627, or 1628.
GENTLEMEN IN CIVIL EIVIPLOY-
l\IENTS, &c.
GEORGIUS RODOLPH US \VECKERLIN.
.lll.!}tcJls p. l/aithorJle se. S171ll11 4to.
George Rodolph \Veckerlin, a gentleman of German extraction,
was Latin secretary to Charles I. and also licenser of the press,
during this reign. His name often occurs in that capacity, with his
authority for publication prefixed to hooks of the same përiod. He
was author of "Poernata sacra. simul et prof ana., Germanice,"
108 BIOGRAPHICAL JIISTOR Y
Arnst. 1641; 8vo. "Poemata profana, sive Odæ et Cantica, Ger-
manice," 1648; 8vo.. Elizabeth, his only daughter, was first wife
to William Trumbull, of Easthamstead, in Berkshire, esq. son to
the agent for James I. and Charles I. in the Low Countries. She
,vas mother to the noted Sir 'Villiam Trumbull, the friend of Mr.
Pope. t
SIR BENJAlVIIN RUDYERD, surveyor of his
majesty's court of wards and liveries. D. lJIyte1l8 p.
J. Payne sc. h. she One of Payne's best hèads. Twelve
Englislz verses underneath, and 'lJzentioned with commen-
dation by lJIr. Evelyn, ill his" Chalcog;raplzy."
SIn BENJ.Al\IIN RUDYERD, surveyor, &c. Hollarf.
a small oval.
SIR BENJAl\IIN RUDYERD; s17lall oval. "W: Ri-
chardson.
His portrait by Hoskins, is in the collection of Col. Sothby, in
Bloomsbury-square.
Sir Benjamin Rudyerd, an accomplished gentleman, and an
elegant scholar, was a very noted speaker in par1iament in this
reign, where he pleaded strenuously for the bishops. 1Vlany of
his speeches, and some poems by him, are in print; the latter are
in the same volume with the poems of William, earl of Pembroke.!
He was the last surveyor of the court of wards and liveries, which
was abolished in 1646.
He was recompensed for the loss of his
place, with 60001. and a portion of lands out of the l\'1arquis of
'V orcester's estate, which was assigned him by the parliament.
· " Bodl. Cat."
t From one of the monuments of tbe family at Eastbamstead. .
t London, 1660; 8vo.
\Vhen an estate was inherited by a female, the king obliged her to marry
whom he pleased; and received, for his own use, tbe clear profit of the rents, during
the minority of the heir, whcther male or female. This was the practice in the op-
pressive court of wards and liveries, by virtue of the prerogative. See the last
article in vol. i. of H Vetl1sta l\lonumenta," published by the Antiquarian Society,
where there is an historical account of tbat court, drawn up by the learned pl'ofcssor
'Vard of Gresham College.
OF E
GLAXI).
IOD
Db. l\1ay 31, 1658. He lies buried in the church of \Vest \V ood-
hay, Berks, under a 11l0nUment erected by his servant, John Grant,
with an epitaph made by Sir Benjamin himself, in his younger
years.
SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR, gentlelnan of his
majesty's privy-chamber in ordinary, and his ma-
jesty's lieutenant in the Castle Royal, or rrower of
London; 12J710.
SIR W ILLIAl\I B.A LFOUR, &c. 1631; 4to.
SIR W [LLIAl\I BALFOUR, &c. a copy of tILe llc..l't
above, by Vertue,. 4to.
SIR 'V ILLIAl\I BALFoRE, &c. TV: Richardson.
SIR WILLIA:\[ BALFOUR, late lieutenant of the
rro,ver of London, and now colonel of a regiment
under the Earl of Essex, on horseback; 4to. 1"are.
Sir Willialll Balfour, though he had great obligations to the
court, made no scruple of attaching himself to its most violent
opponents. He was turned out of his office of lieutenant of the
Tower, a little before the breaking out of the civil war, and was
succeeded by Colonel Lunsford. See Class VII.
ENDYMION PORTER, esq. of his majesty's
bcd-chamber. Guil. Dobson p. Guil. Faitlzorne sc.
h. she *
.. This portrait pretty evidently appears to have been done for the Earl of Essex,
though it is inscribed with Endymion Porter's name. The grossest impositions are
sometimes practised by printsellers, as well as by the dealers in coins and medals.
Iaking of antiques is now a trade in Italy, and the virtuosi and literati impose on
each othe:'. The reader may see an account of many frauds of this kind, in
II l\Ienckenius de Charlataneria eruditorum," a very curious book, but little known.t
t 1\lr. Granger is certainly mistak{,J1 here, the best impressions are those, with
I'tlrtc)"s name to them: and there could be 110 inùucemcnt for the artist to transfurm
110 B lOG RAP II I CA. L II IS TOIl Y
ENDYl\IION PORTER; ill a circle; 171ez::.". 4lo.
ENDYl\IIOX PORTER; ill an oval. R. Cooper se.
Endymion Porter, whose excellent natural parts were adorned
by arts, languages, and travel, was 111uch in favour with James I.
and his son Charles. I-Ie was a man of great generosity, wit, and
spirit, and had a general acquaintance among such as were of that
character. He respected learned men in general; but loved poets,
and had himself a refined taste for poetry. He attended Charles,
when prince of 'Vales, into Spain, and was afterward employed by
him in several negotiations abroad. He was very active in secret
services for the king, in the civil war, and was no less dexterons
in conveying his inteBigeoce. He was so obnoxious to the parlia-
ment, that he was one of those who were always excepted from
indemnity. lIe died abroad, in the court of Charles II.
" The true and lively portraiture of that ,vorthy
citizen ROBERT RA \VDON, one of the governors
of St. Tholnas's hospital, and master of the right
"\vorshipful cOlnpany of the Fishmongers. He died
at l\Iitchan1, in Surrey, and was there buried, the
15th of Sept. 1644."
'fJJ1all 4to. (R. White se.)
See some account of this family in the next reign, Class VIII. &c.
MR. GEORGE BOURCHIER; a sJJzall head, ill
the .frontispiece to Winstanley's (( Loyal JJiartyrology,"
1665; Suo.
l\11L GEORG E Bo U RC H I ER; enlarg'ed frOJJl the above
print,. 8vo.
1\1 r. George Bourchier, an independent and loyal gentleman
r.:
siding at Bri
tol, entered into a conspiracy with Alderman Yeo-
the popular General Essex, into the ohnoxiou
and proscribed groom of the bed-
chamher. Perhaps 1\lr. G. wa
misled by the military gnrb of the porlr
it, not
kilo" iug that Endymion was .. captain of the gentlemen of the military or traincd
band, being fùur hundred all brave Jl)3.rti(f.lists."-Bl
DLE'")..
OF E
GI
AND.
III
mans, and several others, to deliver up that city to Prince Rupert,
for the service of the king; but tbe scheme being discovered and
frustrated, he was brought to trial before a council of war, and
with Yeomans being found guilty was hung at Bristol; lVlay 30,
16-13. In his speech to the populace, he exhorted all those who
had set their hands to the plough (nleaning the d
fence of the
king's cause) not to be terrified by their sufferings, and therefore
to withdraw their exertions in his service.
lVIR. CHALONER; a small head, in the frontispiece
to Winstanley"s " Loyal JJIartyrology," ] 665; 8vo.
MR. CHALOXER; enlarged fronl the print above;
8vo.
l\Jr. ChaloneI', an eminent linen-draper in Cornhill, joining with
Tomkins, 'V aller, and others, in a plot to seize the Tower of London,
the person of the lord mayor, some lnembers of par1iamen t, the
committee of the militia, &c. and to let in the king's army, and
overturn the then existing government, was arraigned for the same
before a council of war at Guildhall, found guilty, and sentence
passed on hilll to be hanged; which was carried into execution,
before his own door in Cornhill, near the Old Exchange, July 5,
1643.
'VILLll\M PLAT'r, esq. J. J. Vandell Be1"ghe
sculpt. In Adolphus's" British Cabinct;" 4to.
This gentleman was son of Sir Hugh Platt, and grandson of
Richard Platt, alderman of London, where he also was born. He
was a feHow commoner of St. John's College, Cambridge; and the
chief circumstance of celebrity attaching to his name, arises from a
bequest which he made of certain lands to maintain f
llows and
scholars, the former at 30/. the latter at 10Z. per annum. Frolll
some uncertainty in the wording of this bequest, a litigation arose,
which was, at length, compromised by John Platt, heir of William,
who established a maintenance for four scholars at 101. and two
fellows at .sOL. per annum.
'Villimn Platt also left 30l. a year for the poor of Rornsey and
Highgate, and founded a lecture in those parishes. He died in
1637.
J 12 B lOG R.1\ P II I C A L II 1ST 0 It Y
SIR ADRIAN SCROPE" Platt sc. III Adolph liS'S
" British Cabinet;" 4to.
Adrian Scrope was the eldest son of Sir Jervais Scrope, of
Codrington, in Lincolnshire, of which county he was high-sheriff
in 1634.
Both father and son, attended Charles I. to the battle of Edge-
hill, where Sir Jervais having received many wounds (some authors
-say sixteen, others carry the number to twenty-six), was stripped
and left among the dead. His son, on the day after the fight,
having obtained the king's permission, made search among the
dead bodies, found his parent,. and witnessed, with inexpressible
joy, his perfect recovery.
Adrian Scrope always adhered to the royal cause, and received
llimself many wounds in the service. After the restoration, in
1660, he was rewarded with the dignity of knight of the Bath. He
has sometimes been mistaken for the Scroop, that signed the
death-warrant of Charles I. but was of a different name and family.
MR. TOl\1PKINS; a slnalllzead, in the frontispiece
to Winstanley's" Loyal .lJlartY1'"ology," 1665; 8vo.
MR. TOl\IPKINS; enlarged frorn the al-ooe print,. 8110.
Mr. Tomkins, who was clerk of the queen's council in conjunction
with Mr. Chaloner and Edmund YV aller, procured a commission
from the king, the purport of which was, that they should seize
into their custody the king-'s children, some members of parliament,
the lord mayor, and committee of the militia, all the city au i-works
anù forts, the Tower of London, and all the magazines; then to
let in the king's army to surprise the city, and to destroy all op-
posers. This scheme was grounded on the exaction of taxes im-
posed without authority. -
The commission was brought to London by the Lady Aubigney
(wife of the gallant lord, who died of his wounds at Edge-hill),
afterward married to Lord N ewburgh. On the receipt thereof, seve-
ral meetings and conferences were held in order to its promotion:
and such progress was made, that the business was brought into
some form; but so many being concerned in it, through the trea-
OF' ENGLAND.
113
chery of s<:>me, it came to the ktlowledge of the parliament, where-
upon Tomkins, Chaloner, and others, were apprehended, and ar-
raigned before a council of war at Guildhall, and there sentenced
to be hanged, which was carried into execution; Mr. Tomkins..
on a gibbet, erected before his own door in Holborn, July 5, 1643.
MR. ROBERT YEOMANS; a sl1zall head, in the
frontispiece to Winstanley's "LoyallJfartyrology," 1665;
8vo.
MR. ROBERT YEO
IANS; enlarged front the above
print; 8vo.
Mr. Robert Yeomans, a gentleman of plentiful estates, an alder-
man of Bristol, and who had served the office of sheriff in the
year 1642, formed a scheme to deliver up that city into the
hands of Prince Rupert, and thereupon it was resolved, that upon
Monday, March 7, 1642, the prince with some forces should draw
towards the city, whilst those within should seize the guard, open
the gates, and by ringing St. John's and St. Michael's bells, give
him notice thereof. Accordingly, Prince Rupert came near the walls
by five o'clock in the morning': expecting the signal; but the plot
being discovered, Mr. Yeomans, and several others, were appre-
hended, and after an imprisonment of eleven weeks brought to
trial before a council of war, where Colonel Fiennes, the governor
of Bristol, son of Lord Say, sat as president, by whom Mr. Yeo-
mans was found guilty, and sentenced to death by hanging, which
was carried into execution May 30, 1643, notwithstanding every
exertion of the king to save his life.
CONRADUS RUTEN, ex Scotia, eques. BrQn-
chorst p. J. Cælmans sc. 4to.
SIR CONRAD RUTHVEN; in an oval; 8vo. Tiehout;
] 796.
. * * * . .
.
VOL. III.
Q
114 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JACOBUS PETRUS HUNTER, nobilis * Scoto-
Suecus, &c. Æt. 51; F. de Nis p. P. Pontius sc: 4to.
* * * * * * * * * * *
C LAS SIX.
MEN OF GENIUS AND LEARNING.
CHARLES I. whom the peculiarity of his fate made an author,
appears to have been a much better luaster of his pen than his
father. If the "Eikon Basilike"t be his, and it carries a strong
internal evidence with it of its being so, he was as much superior
to the generality of the writers of his age, in point of excellence,
as he was in dignity. This book, which according to Milton, had
the same effect upon the affections of the English, that the famous
will of Julius Cæsar had on those of the Roman people, is said to
have gone through fifty editions, at home and abroad, in one' year.
Whoever reads Mr. Thomas Wagstaft'e's defence of it, can, I
believe, have but little doubt of the king's being the author. It
bas been attributed to Bishop Gauden; but if the reader compare
a few pages of this book, with that prelate's "Sighs, Tears, and
Complaints of the Church of England;'! he will soon perceive the
difference. lVlany occasional pieces, written by Charles, are in the
collection of his works in folio. See Class I.
.. This epithet means no more than that he was a gentleman. Quærc if properly
placed.
t It seems, {rom Wagstaffe's " Vindic
üion of King Charles," that the elllblema-
tical frontispiece to the II E,x:'AI
BaO",^,xh," in which he is represented kneeling, was
designed by himself, and originally engravt'd by l\Iarshall. The Greek line at the
bottom, which has been vaIiously and absurdly interpreted, is !)ufficiently eXplained
at p. 220, 221, of the Gentleman's l\lagazine, for 1154 ; but Constantius tihould be
read instead of ci Constantine." The imposture of Pamela's prayer i.s accounted
fur by 'Vagstaffe. p.116,&c. and 122, &c.
* Printed in folio, 1659.
OF ENGLAND.
115
.
,
1
PHYSICIANS.
WILLIAM IIARVEY, M. D. (physician to
Charles I.) Bel1l1nel p. Houbralcen sc. 1739; Illltst.
Head. III the collection oj" Dr. jJfead.
The picture is now in the possession of Lord Galway.
,V ILLIAl\I HARVEY, M. D. sitting in an elbouJ-clzair.
IIollar f. h. sh. scarce.
GlJLIELl\IUS H1\RVEIUS, M. D. þ'aithorne f. a" bU/!J,t;
8vo.
GUL[ELl\IUS HARVEIUS. Cor. Jansen p. [Iall sc.
larg'e 4to. or lL. slz. fine. Fronz an orig'illal belonging to
tile College of Physicians.
'VILLIAl\I HARVEY, by
1'Ardell, h. slz. 'Jnezz.
There is a bust of hiJ7z cng'raved froJll that belonging
to tlze co/leg'e. It was done for an ornanzcnt to the cer-
tjficates given by Dr. Hunter to his pupils.
A n original portrait of him is at the College of Physicians, to
which he was a great benefactor, and where he founded the annual
oration.
This great physician, who will be ever menlorable for his dis-
covery of the circulation of the blood, had the happiness, in his
lifetime, to find the clam ours of ignorance, envy, and prejudice,
against his doctrine, totally silenced; and to see it universally
established. It has, by length of time, been more and more COn-
firmed; and every man now sees and knows it from his own e.x-
11erience. It appears to be of the utmost importance in Inedicine,
as it is perhaps impossible to define health and sickness in fewer
words, than that the one is a free, and the other an obstructed cir-
culation. Dr. Harvey was not only an e
cenent physiÓall; he
116 BIOGRAPHICAL HIS1'OR Y
was also an excellent man: his modesty, candour, and piety, were
equal to his knowledge: the farther he penetrated into the won-
ders of nature, the more was he inclined to venerate the author of
it. I-lis great work entitled, "Exercitatio A naton1Ïca , de Motu
Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus," was printed at Frankfort, in 4to.
1627. Ob. 30 June, 1657, Æt. 80.. According to the" Annal.
Coll. Med. Lond." (IdS.) lib. 4. page 78, 79, he died on June 3,
and was buried on June 26. But if the date of his death in his
epitaph, which is in Hempsted church, in Essex, may be credited,
he died on the 30th of June.
THEODOltUs TURQUETUS MAYER
US,eq.
aurat. Jacobi I. et Caroli I. Magnæ Britanniæ regum,
archiater, ad tablllarn in pinacotheca R. .ftfead, lJ;I. D.
asservata171. P. P. Rubens p. I. SÙnon del. et sc. h. sh.
1ne:::;z.
Sir Theodore 1\1 ayerne, a native of Ge.neva, is perhaps the only
instance of a physician who was retained in that character by four
kings; namely Henry IV. of France,t James I. of England, and
the two Charleses. His reputation was deservedly great in his
profession; and he may be justly considered as one of the re-
formers of the art of physic; as he was among the first that intro-
duced the chymical practice, which time and experience have fully
established.! He died of the effects of bad wine; a sluw, which
the weakness of old age rendered a quick, poison. He foretold the
time of his death to his friends, with whom he had been moderately
drinking at a tavern in the Strand; and it happened according to
his prediction. The library at the College of Physicians was
partly given to that society by Sir Theodore l\layerne, and partly
by the Marquis of Dorchester. There is a catalogue of his works,
in the" Athenæ Oxonienses," among which is a book of receipts
in cookery. It is to be wished, for the good of Inankind, that
other skilful physicians would write receipts of this sort; but not
altogether according to Cheyne's aphorism, which is, "That the
· Biographia. t General Diet.
:t The famons Petitot owed the perfection of his colnuring in ('namel to some
chymical secrets communicated to him by Sir Theodore l\1ayeruc. See II Anecdotes
of Painting," p. 450. 2d edit.
OF ENGLAND.
117
most insipid things are the most wholesome." Ob. March, 1655,
Æt. 83. Some valuable papers by Sir Theodore, written in elegant
Latin, are now in Ashmole.s Museum.. They have been read by
Dr. Smyth, an eminent physician of Oxford, who says that they
contain many curious particulars; they especial1y shew the state of
physic in this reign, and discover the first invention of several medi-
éines. See the Interregnum.
SIR MA TTHE\V LISTER, knt. doctor of physic,
1646. P. Vall
(nner sc.
This is a manuscript inscription, under the head. See the article
of Sir MARTIN LISTER, Class VIII.
The following short account of Sir l\Iatthew Lister was sent me,
with other anecdotes of the J...ister family, by Mr. Edward Gregory,
an ingenious young gentleman, of Harlaxton, near Grantham,
whose ancestors were nearly related to it.
"Dr. Matthew Lister was a younger son of a. family of that name,
which had a large estate at Craven, in Yorkshire; and was bred to
the science of physic, in which, as I was informed by Sir Edward
Wilmot, he made great improvements; his recipes being at this time
prescribed, almost without alteration, in cases to which they are
applicable. He never published any thing. Sir Hans Sloane had in
his possession these receipts of his, which are now much esteemed
by the faculty." Mr. Wood informs us, that he was physician to
Anne of Denmark, and one of the physicians in ordinary to
Charles I. that he was president of the college in London, and one
of the most eminent of his profession in the kingdom. Ob. 1657,
Æt. 92. See more of him in Kennet's "Complete Hist." ii. 790.
Tll0MAS BROWNE, (afterward Sir Thomas)
n1ed. doctor;
n71all h. sh.
There is a portrait of him, and of lnany other eminent physicians,
in the anatomy school, at Oxford; and at Dcvonshire-house are
.. King James sent him into France in 1618, but being suspected that his visit
was tn di...turb public affairs, he wa
commanded to retire out of the kingdom of
I'rancc by the killS's council.-LoRD ILuLI:s.
118 ß lOG. RAP II I C A L II 1ST .0 R Y
the portraits of Sir'Thomas, his wife, his two sons, and as Indny
daughters, in one piece, by Dobson.
Dr. Thomas Browne was author of the
'Religio l\1edici,"
a pat'adoxical piece, written with great spirit, and translated into
almost every language of Europe. This book has been heavily
censured by some, as tending to infidelity, and even atheism;
others, with much Inore reason, have applauded the piety, as well
as the parts and learning of the author.. In his" Pseudo-doxia
Epidemica," &c. he has clearly refuted a great number of popular
errors, taken upon trust, and propagated awl confirmed by tra-
dition and custom. This book, which is his principal work, was
first published in folio, 1646. There is an edition of his works
in fol. Lond. 1686, but this does not contain all his posthumous
pieces.
PLILEl\ION HOLLAND, IVI. D. ./Et. 80, 1632.
H. H. invt. lJfarsha/l se. III the cng;raved title to his
translation of .LYeJlOphOll
S " Cyrop(cdia;' fol.
PUILE:\lON IIoLLAxD; in an oval. JV. Richardson.
Philemon Holland, commonly calJed the "Translator General
of his ag'e," was educated in the university of Cambridge. He was,
for many years, a schoolmaster at Coventry, where he practised
physic. He translated" Livy, Pliny's Natural I-listoI'Y, Plutarch's
Morals, Suetonius, An:mianus
1 arcellinus, Xenophon's Cyropædia,
and Camden's Britannia;' into English; and the geographical part
of Speed's "Theatre of Great Britain," into Latin. "The Britannia/'
to which he made many useful additions, was the most valuable of
his works. It is surprising that a man of two professions, could
find tÎllle to translate ::;0 much; but it appears from the date of the
· Among other peculiarities in this book, he spcHks of the ultinlate act of luve,
as a folly beneath a philosop!,cr; and' says, that he U could he content that we might
procreate like trees, without conjunction." Bllt after the writing of it, he ùc-
scended from his philosophic dignity, and married an agreeable woman. t It v. as
said that his reason for marrying was, "because he could discover no Letter method
of procreation."
t The strong. the hravc, the "irtuou..., and the wise,
Sink in the soft captivity tugcther.-A
DISO
'5 Cato.
OF ENGLAND.
119
" Cyropædia." that he continued to translate till he was 80.years
.ofagc. Ob. 1636, Æt. 85. He made the following epigram upon
writing a large folio with a single pen:
"
ith one sole pen I writ this book,
:Maùe of a grey goose quilJ,
A pen it was when it I took,
And a pen I leave it still.
Dl
. BAST"\VICK; ill eOUip/ete arlnour, holding a
shield 'lvitlt his rig'ht hand, and a Bible ill Itis left,. on the
. .fjlzield is inscribed, " I jìg!l( the g;ood fight of faith;"
under the print are these verses:
.
" Here stanùs one arm'd, who hath truth.s cause maintain'd
'Gainst error's captains, forces, vaunts,
igh boasts;
God's word his weapon, might and strength he gain"d
To rout them aU, from the great Lord of Hosts."
Frontispiece to " The utter routing the 'whole ar1Jzy of
Independents and 5 Y eetaries," 4to. 1-'. Cross se.
The next print shews, that he had sometimes recourse to carnal
weapons.
CAPT. JOII
BAST'VICK, late captain of a foot
company; whole length, 4to.
CAVT. JOH
B
\ST'rICK, doctor of physic; 8vo.
JOlI
BAST"'"ICK, &c. W. I-Iollar f. a sJJlall oval;
under 'which is an account of his suiferings.
JOHN BAST\VICK, u.:ith lIll account of Ilis suffering's.
- .J. Berry sc.
JOBX B_AST\VICK, &c. four English verses,' frontis-
pitre to his" 1\"T C1V ])iscoz'cry of l
rclates' Tyranny /'
1641; 5:J1utll.
120 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOR Y
Dr. Bastwick seems to have been too intent upon the reformation
of government and religion, to attend much to the business of his
profession. He was a graduate of the university of Padua, and
author of "FlageHum Pontificis et Episcoporum Latia1ium," and
several other pieces, written in a furious strain of Polemics. His
history is lnuch the same with that of Burton and Prynne, his
fellow-sufferers. See BURTON, Class IV.
ABDIAH COLE, a physician of note, flourished
in this reign. There is a portrait of him in a doctor of
physic's gou'n, hy T. Cross; in the frontispiece to the
translation of Riverius's Works, folio.
"\
I have met with nothing written by Dr. Cole; but am very cre-
dibly informed that he and Culpeper translated several books in
conjunction. -
SCOTCH PHYSICIANS.
DR. (ALEXANDER) READE; a snzall head hy
Gaywood; in the title to tile " Secrets of Art and Na-
ture," Jol. 1660.
Alexander Read, or Rhead, a native of Scotland, was a man of
great abilities, and no less success in his profession.t In 1620, he
was, by royal mandate, created doctor of physic at Oxford, and
afterward elected a fellow of the College of Physicians. He wrote
a considerable number of anatomical, and chirurgical books,
which were in great esteem. There is a catalogue of them in the
.. Athenæ Oxonienses." ...
GEORGI US SCHARPUS, Pbilosophus et Me-
dicus, N atione Scotus, Regis Christianissimi Consi-
liarius, et in Academia Monspelii Professor et Vice-
· He was author of the" Expert Physician," 1657; 12mo.-BrNDLEv.
t See II Athen. Oxon." i. col. 461, 462.
o F' E
C; L A X!).
121
Cancellarius, nee non in Bononiensi ArehìgYlnnasio
l\ledicinæ Doctor, Æt. lvii. J. Bapt. (Yorio/anus f.
4.10.
In the Bodleian Catalogue, under his name is the following
hook: cc Insfitlltionfs Aledicf1'," a Clmul;o F. nlitrE Bon. 1638, 4to.
E 1.\ I P I I
Ie S .
l\'ICOLAUS CULPEPER, eques; 8vo. Cross se.
He had no more right to the title of knight., than he had to that
of doctor.
NICHOl,AS Cu LPE:PER, ill a doublet nr 1.cai,-f,.>tcnat; a
_print and a boolt before hiJJl.
Nicholas Culpeper, was son of Nieholas CuJveper, a clergyman,
and grandson of Sir ThOlnas Culpt'per, bart. He was some time a
student in the university of Cambridge, which he left without
taking a degree. He was soon after bound apprentice to an apo-
thecary, and employed all his leisure hours in the study of physic
and astrology, which he afterward professed.* I-Ie was a writer
and translator of many books; and was much resorted t.o for his
advice, which he gave to the poor gratis. He died in 1654, at his
house in Spitalfields. The most noted of his works is his Her-'
hal, in 8vo. entitled, "The English Physician," &c. whi<:h l'as been
often printed. In this book, he tells us under what planets the
simples grow, and speaks of their good and bad qualities astrolo-
gically, as if he had calculated their nativities. This part of the
work appears to be his own; the r
st is chiefly taken from Gerard.
See the Interregnum, Class IX.
.. Astrulogical doctors have of late been looked upon as little better than homi-
cides. ]10t Hippocrates, Galen, A"icell, and other celebrated physicians. in
forme," ages, regarded those as homíciùes. who were ignorant of asttology. P2Ira-
celsns goes farther, amI will have a phJ!!ician to be preùcstinated to the cure of his
patient: and says that his horoscope should be inspected. the plants gathered in a
critical moment, &c. Sce Burton" Of l\Iclancholy," p. 2'27, 6th edit.
VOL. III.
R
122 ß lOG. RAP II 1 G
\ 1. II 1ST OIlY
DR. l\10RTON. llogcrsuJl (hl. Cross sc. whiskers,
peaked beard, l!:,'c. a urinal standing' b!J hÙn.
Morton was a noted practitioner in physic, and had a great deal
of what is called " Chamber- pot practice.."*-
A SURG-EON.
JOHN 'VOOD.A.LL, n1aster in chirurgerie. G.
Glover f. III the cllg'raved title to !tis " 11.lilittH,}1 and
D0771estiqlle Sfll}
'er!J," 163B, folio. The bouk has been
'reprinted.
This person, who was of great eminencE' in his profession, was
also author of a "Trf'atise of the Cure of the Plague," which is
subjoined to the book above mentioned; and of the "Surgpon's
1\1ate/' 1617.
POETS..
JOAN NES MIL TONUS, ./J!.'t. 21. JV: .11JllPSltllll
sc. l/rontisp. to his" Juvenile l
oelìls," 800. 1645.
This was the first head of him ever published: Salmasius, in his
CI Defensio Regia," calls it comptulam ]COIIC1JI, and says it gave him
a more advantageous idea of his person than he ever had before:
but it appears from the Greek verses underneath, that l\IiIton
himself was not pleased with it.
JOANNES. MILTON us, Æt.21. T'àJlderg'l(cht sc.
JOANNES IVIILTON, Æt. 21. Ver/uc .'Je. Ell' pictura
orchetypa, qllæ penes est præ/zoJlorabile1ìl .i.lrthuJ'"u17l On-
slow, arnz. Vertue sc. 1731; 4to.
· Alter matulas inspicÍt, et ubi morbum non inrenil, f':-tcit. Garth," Oratio
Ilnn:eiana." .
OF EN(}LAX D.
1
3
.J 0 A N X ES lVI I LTO N; differing' fr01Jl the lle.l't above
only in the illscript ion, vi
. " lVascu Ilt ur poet{e,"
c.
JOAXNES l\IILTox. Æt. 21. Vertlie sc. Svo.
JOHN l\III,TON. HOllbrakell sc. 1741. In the col-
lection of Arthur Ollslozv, esq.
JOHN MILTON; drawn and etched hy J. B. Cipriani,
a Tuscan, fl"Ol1l a picture in the collection f!f Arthur On-
sloy}, esq. This is one of the jive heads o.f Ii inz, etched by
Cipriani, at the e<-
peJlse of l-'!loJ7las Hollis, esq. F. R. S.
et A. S. S.
The juvenile proùuctions of :\li1ton, particularly his" Ode on the
Nativity of Christ," his" L' Allegro," and" Il Penseroso," and his
"Comus," would alone have perpetuated his fame. In the
"Ode," we see the first bold flights of a rising genius. The
" L'Allegro'. and" Il Penseroso n are highly beautiful in themselves,
and more so in their contrast:'JJ the personification to them is
striking:
U Sport that wrinkled care derides,
And laughter holding both his sides," &c.
His ":VIasque of Comus" was the best that the world had ever
seen;t and, as altered for the stage by 1\11'. Dalton,! is one of its
higl1est entertainments at present. See the Interregnuln, Class
VIII. and IX. and the next reign.
ABRAHAMUS CO\VLEY, regius aln11111us scho-
· " These are set to music by l\Ir. Handel:
U From notes so
weet new grace the notes receive,
.And music borrows help bite us'd to gi\'e."-TlcKEL.
t The gcneralitl of compositions of this kind are trifling and perplexed allego-
ries: the personages of which are fantastic to the Iftst rlcgree. Ben Jonson, in his
.c :ì\Iasque of Christmas," 161(), has introduced" l\Iinçed P,ye, and Babic Cake,"
,,110 act their parts in the drama. nut the most wretchf'ò performances of this kind
cllllirl pJ('a
c by the help of music, machiut'fY, aud dancing.
ðincc ,Ioct-or uf divinity, and p.'cbcndary of \V orc('..tcr.
12
1 BIOGRAPlilCAL IIlSTOH. Y
læ '\"-estmonasteriensis, LEt. 13, (15*); 1633. ]fì'vJl-
tispicce to his" Poetical BtOSSOJJ1S;" 121110.
ABRAIL\J\lUS CO,rLEY, reg-ius Alumnus, &c. In the
title to his " Juvcnile Poenls /' fol. In the jòrJ11Cr, there
are t100 Gng'cls holding' a chaplet of laurel over his head;
ill this, onlg one. There is a fine picture of IIi)}z at
Stra2vberry-hill, by Sir P. Lely. Zinc/t:. l
aillted on
enamel, frolJI 1vhich it is engraved b!J flall, and prçfiLred
to Bisho}J Hurlts edition of Cowley.
ABRAIIA)I CO\VLEY, LEt. SUrf 20; froJJl all ori-
g;inal drazviJlg' ill tlte possession of Richard Clark, eSfj.
chaJ7zberlain of London,. cng;raved by .Janzes Basire;
folio; in Bray and J1IaJlJli'Jl!:('s " History of Surrey."
The "Poetical Blossoms" of Cowley, which are an abundant
proof of his talent for poetry, were generally regarded as an
earnest of that fame to which he afterward rose, and which, in the
opinion of some of his contemporaries, eclipsed tllat of every other
English poet. 'Ve are even more pleased with some of the earliest
of his juvenile poems, than with many of his later performances;
as there is not every where in them that redundancy of wit; and
where there is, we are more inclined to admire, than be offenùed at
it in the productions of a boy. His passion for studious retirement,
which was still increasing with his years, discovered itself at
thirteen, in an ode which a good judget thinks equal to that of
Pope on a sÎlniIar subject, and which was written about the same
era of his life. The tendernes3 of some of his juvenile verses shews,
that he was no stranger to another passion; and it is not improbable
but l\1argarita, or one of her succe
sors, might at fifteen, have had
a full possession of his heart.! See the next reign.
· Dr. Sprat is mistaken in saying, that the IC Poetical Blossoms" came out in
the thirteenth year of his age. See the" Biographia," article Cowu:y, Notc (B.)
t l\Ir. Jos. Warton, in his" Essay on the Genius and 'Vritings of Pope." The
ode here meant, is in Cowley's" Essay on himself!'
" :I\Iargarita first possess't.
If I remember \\ eJl, my Lreast."
Ballad uf his l\Iislreb
cs.
OF ENG LAN D.
1'),3
BENJAMIN JONSON was poet-laurèat to Charles 1. who aug-
mented his salary from a hundred marks, to a hundred pounds;
and added a tierce of Canary wine. The same salary with the
appendage to it, has been continued ever since. See the preced-
Ing reIgn.
EDMUND "\V ALLER, esq. ..lEt. 23; Olen hair;
arms.
EDl\IUND "\tv ALLER, esq. B. Reading sc. 8vo.
ED)IUXDUS ,V ALLERUS, LEt. 23. P. VandreblLJlC sc.
8vo.
There is a portrait of him at Hall Barn, the seat of the family oÎ
Waller, near Beconsfield, by Cornelius Jansen. It is inscribed,
" In the 23d year of his age, and the first of his life."
Edmund "ValleI', sometimes styled '
the English Tibullus," ex-
celled all his predecessors, in harmonious versification. * His love
verses have all the tenderness and politeness of the Roman poet;
and his panegyric on Cromwell has been ever esteemed a n1aster-
piece in its kind. His vein is never l"edundant, like that of Cowley;
we frequently wish be had said more, but never that he had said
less. His personal qualities were as amiable as his poetical, and
he was equally formed to please the witty and the fair. He not
only retained all his faculties, but retained In 1 1ch of his youthful
\'ivacity at eighty years of age. Ob. 21 October, 1687. See the
next reign. See also" Lord Clarendon's Life;" 8vo. p. 47.
GEORGE SANDYS. Vertue __''c. a sJ7zalllu:ad ill II
'I'ollnd. It is in the " O.rford AI17zanack for 1746,"
under the head of EraS1Jlus.
GEORGE SANDYS, &c. JV: lliclzardson.
.. fhe verses of Donne, and other poets who flourished before 'Valler, frequently
run into one another, and proceed, without any considerable pause, to thc end of
a long period; which has becn, not unaptly, compared to thc rullnillg down of a
larum.
126 HI 0 G RA PH I CAI... IllS TO it Y
GEORG E SANDYS; eng'raved b!J Gcorg'e P01vlc) fliZer
the portrait of hÏ1n by Cornelius Jansen, at Lord San-
llys'
;, at OJ7lbersley, jor Dr. Nash's" History of lJIor-
cestershire."
George Sandys, youngest son of Edwyn Sanùys, archbishop of
York, was one of the most accomplished persons of his time. He
merited much for his travels into the eastern coulítries, of which
he has published an accurate account: but still more for his para-
phrases and translations, which were excelled by none of the poets
of this reign. His principal works are his translation of " Job,"
his paraphrase on the "Psalms," and hi3 translation of Ovid's
"l\Ietamorphosis." His Psalms were set to music by 'Villiam and
Henry Lawes, musicians to Charles I. and his" Ovid" was one of
the first books that gave Mr. Pope a taste for poetry.*" Mr.
Dryden pronounced him the best versifier of the last age. He was
also an excellent geographer and critic.t Ob. 1643.
JOHANNES CLEAVELAND. R. Whitesc.12JJlo.
Before his Works, 1653.
JOHX CLEA VELA ND; a bust crowned with lall'rel
'
" Sepultus College Whittintonii, 1 Maii, 1658."
JOHANNES CLEAVELAXD, in a clerical habit. Be-
fore his Works, 1677.
This is very probably fictitious; he was never in holy orders.
JOH
CLEAVELAND, Æt. 32; a medallion. Fuller
'
J
Basirc.
John Cleaveland, received his education at Christ's and St.
John's Colleges, in the university of Cambridge, in the last of
which he enjoyed a fellowship; but was, in the civil war, ejected
from it for his loyalty. He, soon after his ejection, .went to Oxford,
.. \\Tarton's "Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope."
t See l\1r . Pope's note on II iad xJ\.ii. y. 197.
OF ENGLAND.
]27
where he was much caressed for his wit, which he exerted in
several satirical pieces against the fanatics. Mr. Aubrey informs
us, that he went from Oxford to the garrison at Newark; where,
upon drawing up certain articles for the royalists, he would needs
add this short conclusion, " And we annex our lives as a label to
our trust." That gentleman adds, that after the king was beaten
out of the field, he came to London, and entered himself at Gray's
Inn, where he and Samuel Butler, of the same society, had a club
every night.* He was justly esteemed a man of wit; but his
writings abound with strained and far-fetched metaphors, which is
a fault objected to Butler hilnself.t That great poet has conde-
scen.ded to imitate, or copy Cleaveland, in more instances than
occurred to Dr. Grey in his notes upon "Huùibras." There are
some notices of our author in Thurloe's" Papers," IV. 184. It is
there remarked, that he was "a person of great abilities, and so
able to do the greater disservice." Mr. Echard hath observed, that
" he was the first poetic champion for the king."! Ob, 29 April,
1658 .
SIR JOHN SUCKLING. A. Van Dyck p. Vel
tue sc.
J 741; lz. s/z.
Sill JOH
SUCKLTN, (SUCKLING). JJl: 1f"fa'rsllall f.
Before his fVorks, 1648; 8vo.
· 1\18. in l\1U!
eo Ashmot.
t There is in the" Spectator," No. 611, a specimen of this kind of writing in
prose and verse. The original "er
es, as the author tells us, were written by" an
Italian poet, who was the CJea,"elalld of his age." They are translated from the
J
atin, in Strada's" Prolusimls," and are an imitation of the style of Camillo Quemo,
surnamed the Archpoet. This Querno, whose eharact
r and writings were equally
singular, was poet and buffoon to Leo X. and the common butt of that facetious
pontiff, and his courtiers. One of them made this extemporary verse upon him:
Archipoeta facit versus pro .mille poet is ;
To which the pope with his usual quickness added,
Et pro mille aliis Archipoeta bibit.
Vide Stradæ "Prolus." edit. Oxon. 17 ,15, p. 2--14, and Bayle's" Diet." artic. LEO X.
P. 735.
9 Quemo is said to have composed this line himself.-I.oRD HAII.ES.
128 H JOG nAP II reA L II] S TO H \
SIR J 0 H N S DC K L I X G ; ill fin oval of hays; eig;/zt Eng'-
lis It 'Vc rses .
SIR JOHN SUCKLI
G; a bust;
it' Eng'lish. verses.
SIR JOHN SUCKLIKG. Vanderg'urht <-'liC. 8vo. Frolltisp.
to the last edition of his Worlis.
There is a portrait of him in the Ashmolean Museum, at Oxford.
Sir John Suckling, a poet of great vivacity, and some elegance,
was One of the finest gentlemen of his time. His prose writings,
particularly his "Discourse of Religion," addressed to Lord Dor-
set, are thought equal to tbe best of his poetical performances.
His ballad on a wedding,* and his "Session of the Poets," are
oftener remembered than any of his works. This bal1ad was occa-
sioned by the marriage of Roger Boyle, the first Earl of Orrery,
with Lady Margaret Howard, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk.
There was a great intimacy betwixt Sir John and the Earl of
Orrery, then Lord Broghill.t In his" Session of the Poets," he
has given us SOlne traits of the characters of his poetical brethren,
and has not forgot Sir \Villimll Davenant's nose; which has been
the subject of more satirical jokes than any other nose that ever
existed.! Db. 1641, Æt. 28.
See Class V II.
THOMAS RANDOLPII; a 81Jzall hust, in the title
to his Worl:s, 1640; 121no. W.llI. (llrshall.)
THOl\fAS RANDOLPH. J. Berry sc.
Thomas Randolph, a celebrated poet, and one of the gayest of
Ben Jonson's sons, was educated at Trinity College, in Cambridge.
The most generally admired of his works, which consists of pOCIllS
and plays, is his" Muses' tooking-glass," reprinted in 1757, under
.. Ie I tell thee, Dick, where I have been." &c.
t See ì\Iorrice's u :Memoirs of Roger, earl of Orrery," p. 49.
: He almost entirely lost this part of his face by the gaieties of his yontl..
Aubr('y, in a manuscript in the l\Iuseum at Oxford, has this short anecdote
concerning Sir John Suckling: Ie I have heard 1\Irs. Bond say, that Sir John's
father' was but a dull fellow; her husband,
Ir. Thomas Bond, knew him; the wit
came by the mother.'"
OF ENGLA
D.
129
the title of " The
lirrour," in which there is a great variety of
characters of the passions anù vices, drawn with much truth, and
interspersed with SOlne strokes of natural humour.- The author
of " Remarks on the Plays of Shakspeare," subjoined to the
ninth volume of his works; 12mo. Lond. 1714, says, "I would
advise a comic writer to study Randolph's 'Muses' Looking-
glass' thoroughly, for there, I anl apt to believe, he will find the
source of all humours that are in nature." There are, perhaps, but
very few that will subscribe to this author's opinion. Db. l\larch,
1634, LEt. 29.
PHILIPPUS l\IASSINGER, gen. T. Cl"OSS SC.
8vo. Eifore his " l/lree New Playes, viz. TIle Bashful
Lover, 17ze Guardian, 17le VeJ3' lVollzan," tj'c. S71lall 8vo.
London, 1655.
PIIILIPPUS MASSINGER, &c. W. Richardson.
Another ellg1'1aved by GrignioJl: before the ne'lV edition
of his
vorlls.
Philip l\lassinger was a poet of great eminence in this reign.
I-Ie published fourteen plays of his own writing, and had a share
with Fletcher, Middleton, Rowley, and Decker, in several others.
He seems by the following verses, which are part of an enco-
mium on him by a contemporary poet, to have been a very expe-
ditious writer.
" His easy Pegasus will ramble o'er
Some three score miles of fancy in an hour."
Ob.
Iar. 1639-40. A correct edition of his works, in four volumes
8vo. was pubJished in 1761, to which is prefixed" Critical Reflections
on the old English dramatic \V riters," an anonymous piece, ad-
dressed to David Garrick, esq. by 1\lr. C01man, who has given a
just encomium of the author.
JACOBUS SHIRLEUS. ltlarshall se. 1646. Be-
fore his " Poe17ls;" 8vo.
VOL. III. S
130 B lOG RAP II I C A L If 1ST 0 R Y
JACOBUS SHIRLEUS. G. PhcniA' (or PheniLV) p.
Ga:ywood f. a bust. Before his siLr plails" viz. " The
B,t'others,"
e. 1652, and 1653; 8vo.
JACOBUS SHIRLÆUS. G. Pltenik pillLr. HZ Ri-
chardson.
This nearly resembles his portrait in the Bodleian gallery, at
Oxford; the former does not.
James Shirley, an eminent dramatic poet, was patronised by
Henrietta Maria, and tbe Earl of Newcastle, whom he followed to
the camp. He was educated at St. John's College, in Oxford,
where he was taken great notice of by Dr. Laud, then president of
that house. lIe entered into holy orders; though he was much
discouraged from it, by his friend the president, on account of a
large mole on his left cheek;* and was some time a parish priest
in Hertfordshire. He afterward turned Roman Catholic, and kept
a school at St. Alban's, but soon grew tired of that employment,
and going to London commenced poet. He wrote no less than
thirty dramatic pieces, some of which were acted with great ap-
plause. In the Interregnum, he was necessitated to return to his
former profession of schoolmaster; in which he became eminent,
and wrote several grammatical books for the use of his scholars.
Oh.29 Oct. 1666, Æt. 72.
'VILLIAM BOSWORTH, ætatis 30, 1637. G.
Glover se. 8vo.
W ILLIAl'vI BOS'VORTH, ætatis 30, 1637, copied frol1l
the ahove 8vo.
William Bosworth, gent. was descended from the ancient and
illustrious familiest of Bokesworth, Boxworth, or Bosworth, of
· The canon against personal blemishes in the clergy is well known.
t In bis Poems addressed to Aurora. he says,
.' 0 scorne me not, I come of noble line:
For by the Norman duke our browes were crowiled
With la\Vrell hranches, and our nalllt's H'llowned."
OF ENGLA N D.
131
Hoxworth, by Harrington, in Cambrjdge
hire. He was born in
1607, and died sometime between the years 1651 and 1653. This
person was author of a book entitled, "The Chast and Lost Lovers,
lively shadowed in the persons of Arcadius and Sepha; and illus-
trated with the severall stories of Hemon and Antigone, Eramio
and Amissa, Phaon and Sappho, Deliathason and Verista: being
a description of several Lovers smiling with delight, and with hopes
fresh as their youth, and fair as their beauties in the beginning of
their affections, and covered with bloud and horror in the conclu-
sion: to this is added, the Contestation betwixt Bacchus and
Diana, and certain sonnets of the Author to Aurora; digested into
Three Poems, by William Bosworth, gent."
--- l\Ie quoque
Impunè volare, et sereno
Calliope dedit ire cælo.
London, printed for 'Villiam Sheares, and are to be sold at the
signe of the Bible, in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1653.
,
THOMAS CAREW. Rodd e
J'c. 8vo.
Thomas Carew was born in Gloucestershire, and educated at
Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was appointed gentleman of
the privy-chamber, and sewer to King Charles I. and died in 1639.
His masque, entitled " Cæluln Britannicum," was performed before
the king at \Vhitehall, in 1633. His poems were printed in 1640,
12mo. and again in 1772, by Davies.
RICHARD BROME. T. Cross sc. Before his
JVorks. Si.x English verses. A. B. 8vo.
RICHARD BRO
IE; si.r Eng'lish verses. TV: Ri-
chardson.
Richard Brome is said to have been put apprentice to Ben
J on80n, to learn the art of poetry.. He is not, however, to be
esteemed a mechanical play-wright; as his best performances far
'" See the Lives of the Dramatic ruets at th<.> end of " bcal1ùerbcg," a tragedy.
I
32 B lOG RA P II ICAL II 1ST 0 R Y
exceed the worst of his n1ast.er. Jonson wrote this encomium on
him:
" And you, Dick, do my arts with good applause,
'Vhich you llave justly gained from the stage,
By observation of those comic laws,
\Vhich I, your master, firbt did teach the age."
THOMAS MIDDLETON; crowned 'witlt laurel,
8vo. In" lJlarshall's JJfanner," scarce,. prçji
Ted to t
vo
of his plays, snzall 8vo. 1657.
TnOl\IAS MIDDLETON, gent. W Richardson.
Middleton, who was a voluminous dramatic author, and, in his
day, esteemed a good poet, hac! the honour of writing in con-
junction with Jonson, Fletcher, and Massinger. The pieces which
were entirely his own, and those in which he had a share, are, at
least, six-and-twenty. He was concerned with Jonson and Fletcher
in writing" The 'Vidow," a comedy; and with Massinger, in writ-
ing another comedy, called" Old Law."
RICHARD LOVELACE; a bust 01l an urn, on
which is insct'ihed, "Lucasta, PostltuJJze POel71S of
R. L. arl12Ïg." In 'JJzcnzorialn fratris desideratissÏ11li
detin. Fran. Lovelace. Hollar sc. 1660, s17zall 8vo.
RICHAHD LOVELACE, as Orpheus. R. Gayu'ood.
RICHARD LOVELACE; a bust on all urn. JV: Ri-
chardson.
The poems, for which the heads were engraved, were first pub-
lished in 1659: Lucasta, or Lux Casta, is the poeticaJ name of
his mistress. As the poems are scarce, the heads are rarely to be
met with.
Richard, son of Sir William Lovelace, of W oolwich, in Kent,
was, when a member of the university of Oxford, the delight and
admiration of all that knew him, for the extreme beauty of his per-
OF EXG-L...\.N D.
1:33
son, and the variety of his acconlPlishments. After having served
Charles I. in both his expeditions against the Scots, he entered
into the service of the King of France, and had the commancl of a
regiment at Dunkirk, where he was dangerously wounded. This
disaster occasioned a report of his death, and was attended with
the loss of the beautiful Lucy Sacheverel, his beloved mistress,
who, concluding he was dead, married another person.. These
were not all his misfortunes. Upon his return to England, he was
thrown into prison, and afterward reduced to extreme poverty and
wretchedness.
A considerable numòer of his poems were com-
posed during his confinement. Several of his performances were
much admired, and part of his" Amarantha," a pastoral, was set to
music by the famous Henry Lawes. I-lis comedy of the" Scholar,"
written at sixteen )
ears of age, was acted with applause. Ob, 1658.
GABRIEL I-IARVEY; 1Dood-cut, iJll,Tash"s " Have
'lvitlt YOlt to JSai/'roJl JValdcJl," é$'c. scarce.
GABRIEL HARVEY; SJJulll oval. Thane.
Gabriel Harvey, born about 1545, of a good family, and nearly
related to Sir Thomas Smith, was educated at Christ's College,
Cambridge, wh.ere he took hoth his degrees of arts. He was after-
ward proctor of the university. Having applied himself to the
study of the civil law, in 1585, he took his degree in that faculty,
and practised as an advocate in the prerogative court of Canterbury,
at London. Towards the latter part of his life, he began to study
astrology, and finally turned almanack-maker; in which capacity
he was severely ridiculed by Thomas Nash and Robert Green, who,
as Wood says, did inhumanly tralTIple upon him, when he lay full
low in his grave. ,V ood says, he was esteemed an ing-enious man
and an excellent scholar, and one of the best poets for Iambics
in bis age. Spenser, the poet, was his intimate friend; fronl
whom we learn that he was highly esteemed by the all-accom-
plished Sir Philip Sidney and 1\11'. Dye. Mr. Upton is of opinion,
that his poem prefixed to the" Fairy Queen," and signed Hobbinol,
would, if he had written nothing else, have rendered him immortal.
Ob. 1630, ...Et. 85. See Sir Egerton Brydges's" Restitutor," for
several curious works relating to Dr. Harvey.
134 ß lOG RAP JII C A L II 1ST 0 It Y
SIR ROBERT STAPYLTON,knt.fronti.\p.tuhis
translation of the "SLrteen Satires of Juvenal," 1647;
8vo.
ROBERTUS STAPYLTONIUS. LOJJzhart se. FronÛs]J.
to his translation of " Juvenal," in folio, 'loitlt cuts by
]-Iollar, 1660.
The head is placed here, because, as Mr. Wood justly observes,
it represents him too young for the time in which it was pub-
lished. ·
Sir Robert StapyIton, son of Richard Stapylton of Cadeton, in
:t\foreland, Yorkshire, esq. was educated in the Roman Catholic
religion, and was some time a member of the college of English
Benedictines at Douay, in Flanders. But the solitude of a cloister
ill suiting the gaiety of his disposition, he quitted it, and coming
into England, turned Protestant, and was made a gentleman of
the privy-chamber to Prince Charles. He published, in this reign,
a translation of Pliny's "Panegyric," of " M usæus," and of the
" Sixteen Satires of Juvenal." In the time of the Interregnum, he
translated" Strada de Bello Belgico;" and after the restoration,
published several plays. His translation of "J uvena}" is thought
to have the advantage of that of Barten Holyday; but they both
follow their author too close, and, as Mr. Dryden observes, some-
times tread upon his heeZs.t Db. 11 July, 1669. See the Inter-
regnum.
}1
RANCIS QUARLES, Æt.52. w: M. (William
.1J;farshall) sc. 8vo. four Latin and four English verses.
FRANCIS QUARLES; Irontis}]. to his" Boanerges
llJld Barnabas ;" 12ulo. (Marshall.)
FRAXCIS QUARLES; fruntispiece to IÛs "Enchiri-
diO/l /' 1 :2J/lO.
. !Ii See II Fasti 0 xon." ii. col. 23.
t Preface to II Dryden's Juvenal," ('dit. 1113, p. 138. It should be observed,
that Barten JJolyduy's notes upon II Juvena)" make ample amends for his version.
OF ENGLAND.
135
. FRANCISCT QUARLES, Ætatis suæ 52. Cross sc.
Four Eng'lislt verses, "What heere 'icee see is hut a
graven face,"
c. AI. Ross.
FUANCIS QUARLES; to lLis " Enchiridion," 1652;
12nlo.
Francis Quarles, who was some time cup-bearer to the Queen of
Bohemia, secretary to Archbishop Usher, and chronologer to the
city of London, had, at this time, a very considerable reputation as
a poet; but he 11lerited much more as an honest and pious man.
His" Emblems," which have been serviceable to allure children to
read, have been often printed, and are not yet forgotten. We
sometimes stumble upon a pretty thought among many trivial
ones in this book; and now and then meet with poetry in mecha-
nism in the prints.. He has borrowed a considerable part of this
work from the" Emblenls of Hermannus Hugo." His" Feast for
Worms," and many other poems, have been long neglected, and are
now literally worm-eaten. In the time of the civil war, a petition
full of unjust accusations was preferred against this worthy man,
by eight persons, of whom he knew not any two, but by sight. The
news of this had such an effect upon him, that he declared" it
would be his death ;" which happened soon after, according to his
prediction.-t He is said to have had a pension, in consideration of
· 1\lr. Pope, in one of his letters to Bishop Atterbury, in which he incidentally
mentions the vanity of the world, speaks thus of our poet: "Tin nit, inane est, wilh
the picture of one ringing on the globe with his finger, is the best thing tbat I have
the Juck to remember, in that great poet Quarles (not dlat I forget the Devil at
Bowls; which I know to be your lordship's favourite cut, as well as favourite diver-
sion). But the greatest part are of a very different character from these: one of
them, on '0 wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this Rom. vii.
death' represents a man silting in a melancholy posture, in a large skeleton. An- 24.
other on ' 0 that my head were waters and mine eyes a fountain of tears,' &c. Jcrem.
exhibits a human figure, with several spouts gushing from it, like the spouts of a ix. 1.
fountain."-This reminds me of an emblem, which I have seen in a German author,
on l\fatt. vii. 3, in which are two men, one of whom has a beam almost as big as
himself, with a peaked end sticking in his left eye; and the other has only a small
mote sticking in his right. Hence it appears, that metaphor and allegory, however
beautiful in themselves. will not always admit of a sensible representation.
t See his Life, by Ursula Quarles, his widow, before his " Poetical Paraphrnse
on Ecclesiastes,"t which is the best of his works.
t The portrait by Marshall is before this book. The print is scarce.
13G BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his writings, from Charles 1. Db. 8 Sept. 1644, Æt. 52. He was
father of eighteen children by one wife.
JOHN OGILBY, a dancing-master, first applied himself to
learning in this reign, and made a wonderful progress. The
occasion of it was the spraining of his leg in cutting a caper,
which was much the practice in dancing, in the time of Charles I.
To this accident we owe many royal folios. See the succeeding
reIgn.
ROBERT IIERRICK, esq. a bust; [',DO angels
hring'ing' chaplets of laurel, Pegaslls on Parnasslls, He-
licon, L
"C. frontis}Jiece to his Works, a thic/
octavo, en-
titled, "Hesperides,
'
'c. Lond. 1648. lJIarslzalt sc..
Eight Latin verses, " TCl71jJOra," t5-.c.
ROBERT HERRICK; a bust, l-
'c. JV. Richardson.
R,obert Herrick was author of a great nurobe}" of poems, many of
which are of the lyric and epigrammatic kinds. His" Christmas
Carol," and his" New Year's Gift," were set to music by Henry
Lawes, and performed before the king. Several are addressed to
Endymion Porter! a great friend and patron of poets, and one to
" Mrs. Katherine Bradshawe, the lovely, that cro\vned him with
laurel." But Philips gives us to understand, that he was inspired
by his maid Prue only.:Ji< It appears from the effects of her inspi_
ration, that Prue was but indifferently qualified for a tenth muse.
He was, perhaps, thE; first of the numerous translators of the
" Dialogue betwixt Horace and Lydia," which may be seen among
his works. See more of him in the" Athenæ Oxonienses," where
his" Divine Poems" are particularJy commended.
SIR FIlANCIS "rORTLEY, of "Tortley, in the
county of York, knt. and baronet; deceased prisoner
in the Tower of London, IG52. A. liel'toclzs f. tro-
phics, books,
"c. h. sh.
- See" Theatrum Poctarum," by EtJwarn Phi;ips.
OI
ENGLAND.
]37
SIR FRANCIS 'V ORTLEY, &c. In an oval, trophies,
books,
"'e. 4to. 1
Rieha1
dsoJl.
SIR FRANCIS WORTLEY, &c. C. Hall sc.
Sir Francis \'Vortley, son of Sir Richard 'Vortley, of Wortley, in
Yorkshire, exercised his pen and his sword in the cause of Charles I.
He, at his own expense, raised a troop of horse for the service of
that unfortunate prince; and being afterward promoted to the rank
of a colonel, he converted his house into a garrison. He lost a
great part of his estate by plunder and sequestration, and was
several years a prisoner in the Tower. He was numbered among
the poets of this reign. His principal work is his" Characters an(l
Elegies," Lond. 1646, 4to. The elegies are, for the most part, on
the royalists who lost their lives in the civil war.-Anne, his
daughter and heir, married the honourable Sir Sidney l\10ntagu,
second son of the first Earl of Sandwich, who took the name of
Wortley. The present Countess of Bute is descended from him.
See a further account of this author in " Athen. Oxon."
GEORGIUS WITHER, &c. 12nzo.
GEORGIUS 'VITHERUS; in a large ltat
'four Eng;l:.s!t.
verses.
Richardson.
GEORGE WITHER. J. Berry se. 8vo.
GEORGIUS WITHERUS, poeta. J. P. (Jol1n Payne)
sc. four English verses. 1ïLis is by l1ZllC!t the best head
of Wither.' it is ill his boo/c of " EnlblenIS," folio, after
the pr'eface. There is a curious account of hin}, in
the " Reliques of ancient English Poetry," vol. iii.
p. 1 DO, 263, 2d edit. The ingenious song, beginning
with
" Shall I wasting in despair,
Dye, because a woman's faire," &c.
was, as Dr. Percy inforlTIS us, written by him. See
the reign of J A:\lES I.
VOL. Ill.
-r
138
ßI OG RAPIII CA I
II IS TOR Y
ROBERT BA
ON, LEt. 17; 'lvithollt his nallze.
" Vultus Apellinea pictus Barone tabel1a est;
Totus A pollinea pingitur arte liber.
John Hobart, Gent."
nr. Jl;fars/iall sc. This prillt, 'lvhich twas orig'inolly
prtji
Ted to his " Cyprian Acadenzy," 1648, 8vo. 'lvas
also, as I have been ÙiforJJzed, placed before his POCIllS,
I 650, 8vo
ROBERT BARON; " Vitltus Apellinea,"
"c. W. lli-
clzardsoJl.
Robert Baron, who received part of his education at Cambridge,
and was a member of Gray's Inn, when he published his" Cyprian
Academy," was regarded as a genius of great expectation. He de-
dicated this work to his uncle, James Howe]], esq.* and to all the
ladies and gentlewomen of England, among whom he had many
admirers. The first fruits of his studies see
n to have gained hÍln a
much greater reputation than his latter productions.t Certain it is,
· Howell, soon after the receipt of his book, wrote biOI a Jetter, of which this is
a part:
" To l\Ir. R. Baron, at Paris.
II Gentle Sir,
" I recei\'ed mld presently ran over Jour I CJprian Acadelny,' with much
greediness and no vulgar delight; and, Sir, I hold myself much honoured for the
dedication you have been pleased to make thereof to me, for it deserved a much
}}igher patronage. Truly, I must tell you, without any compliment, that I ha\'c
selùom met with such an ingC'nious mixture of prose and verse, intemo\'en with
such varieties of fancy and charming strains of amorous passion. which have made
all the Jadics in the land in love with you." -Howell's" Letters," book iii. No. 17.
tHis U Pocu)a Castaliæ," poems written by him on several occasions, anù pub-
lished in 1650, when he was OIlly nineteen years of age, at p. 66, is a ballad upon
a wedding, much in the style and manner of thc celcbratcd ballad on a similar sub-
ject, by Sir John Suckling.
He was the author of" An Apologie for Paris, for rejecting of Juno and Pallas, and
presenting of Ate's Golden Ball to Y
llUS, with a discussion of the reásons that Illight
induce him to favour either of the three, occasioned by a private discourse, wl)(
rein
the Trojan's judgmcnt was carped at by some, and defcnded by R. B. gent. an no
ætatis tH." London 1649, duodccimo.
A high flown dedication to my noble lady, E. R. is subscribed, at length, Hobert
Daron from Graye's Inne.-BINDLEY.
OF ENGL.AND.
139
that, in his dramatic pieces, both in tragedy and comedy, he never
rOSe above mediocrity: of these, " l\1irza" is esteemed his best.
GEORGE 'VHARTON was an adventurer in poetry; but
appears to have had 110 great talent that way: he is, however,
mentioned among the poets of this reign, and is styled "a waggish
poet" by Mr. Anthony \V ood. See the Interregnum.
NATHANIEL RICHARDS, gent. T. R. se. ellap-
let of laurel; ill t1l;0 states, the head of one lS larg;eJ",
l/Jld the laurel 'Jnore distinct.
NATHANIEL RICHARDS, &c. Jv: Richardson.
Nathaniel Richards was author of one tragedy, called "Mes-
salina," acted with general applause, by the company of his ma-
jesty's revels, and printed in 8vo. 1640. He was also author of
" Poems, sacred and satirical," 12mo.
CAPTAIN TIIOl\fAS WEAVER, a rnan in a cloalì,
with gloves in his hand, within all oval of lalirel and
palnzs; IV: J1I. ( lIIarshall) se. Under tlte oval are si.v
Eng'lish verses, tlte t1l;0 last of u;/Zich signify, that as tlie
print is the i17zag'e of his person, so his 'Jnind is tlte inlage
of heaven. It is inscribed T. W. gent. copied by TV. lli-
charrlson. He was author oj a pocln, called" Plalltage-
net's Tragical Story," 1649, Svo.
There is a print of HUMPHRY MILL
under
whose name, in the Bodleian Catalogue, occurs, a
poem, called" A Night's Search, concerning Night-
'Valkers and their Associates," Lond. 1640, 8Yo. This
has been several times printed.. His Poems, Lond.
8vo. 1639, are mentioned in the Sion Catalogue. Ilis
140 BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTORY
head has been prefixed to, at least, one of the edi-
tions of the " Night Search."
H. MILL, &c. TV: RiehaJ"dson.
SCOTCH POETS.
ARTURUS JOHNSTONUS.
f. Rysbraelâus
lvIarm. se. G. Vertlie æri incidit.' frontiðP' to his
" Psahni Davidici;" 4to. 1741.
ARTHUR JOHNSTON. Vanderguellt se.4to. This is
after the bust by Rysbrack, but better e
l}eeuted than tlie
forJJzel". Tilere is anot/lel", by Vandergucht, in 8vo.
The bust, from which Vertue and Vandergucht did the heads,
belonged to William Benson, esq. auditor of the imprests.
ARTHUR JOHNSTON, ill the title to his" Paraphrase
on the Psabns." G. Jamesone pin
'l'. R. Cooper sc.
ARTHUR JOHNSON, inscribed John Johnston, lJL D.
front tlie original in the ](ing's Colle
'e, Aberdeen, in
" Iconagl"aphia Seotiea."
AltTHUR JOHNSTON; a small head, in the frontispiece
to his Poems, printed at Middlebur
'.
There is a fine head of him, by Jameson, in the college at
Aberdeen.
Arthur Johnston was physician to Charles I. and one of the most
celebrated Latin poets among the Inoderns. His capital work is
bis translation of the "Psalms," of which an elegant edition was
published by 'VilliaIn Benson, esq. in 4to. 1741, with an interpre-
tation and notes for the use of his ]ate majesty when prince;
another edition was printed ftbout the same time, in 8vo. Mr.
OF ENGL.AND.
141
.
Benson also published a Dissertation on Johnston's Version of the
" Psalms," in which he, without scruple, gives it the preference to
Buchanan's.* As the former has used elegiac measure in all the
Psalms, except the 119th which is ]yric, some of the most sub1ime
especially the 104th, appear at a disadvantage in comparison with
Buchanan's, as the pentameter verse is anti-climacterical.t Mr.
Pope seems not to have read" Johnston's Psalms;" as he certainly
n1entions him with much Jess respect than he deserves. Speaking
of Benson he says:
" On two unequal crutches propt he came,
l\Iilton's on this, on that, one Johnston's name."
Johnston was an early proficient in poetry, and was ]aureated at
Paris, when he was about twenty years of age. There is a com-
plete eùition of his works, including his Version, of the " Psalms,"
and the" Book of Job," his "Parerga, Epigrams," &c.
GULIELl\IUS DRUl\IMOND; de II{t'lvthorndcll;
C. Johnson p. Finlayson f. l11ezz. h. SII.
GULIELl\IUS DRUJHl\10ND, &c. GaYîvood f. 1654;
4to.
GULIEL1\IUS DRU1\I1\IOND, &c. Gaywood f. 12ulo.
,V ILLIAl\I DRUl\I1\IOND; folio.
-.l\fr. Benson. in his dissertation, expresses a particular fondness for allitcration
in poetry. He is said to have been much pleased with these verses on Cardinal
\Volsey, when repeated to him by l\Ir. Pitt, the translator of the" Æneid:"
" Begot by butchers, but by hisbops bred,
BO"N high his bonour holds his haughty head?"
t In tbe 23d Prelection, " De Sacra Poesi Hehræorum," the authort has intro-
duced Johnston's version of the 42d Psalm. in this manner: CI Recitabo emu vobis
ex. metaphrasi Arthuri Johnstoni, satis elegantis et fidi interpretis, nisi et rcrum et
verborum pondera mctri genere a sublimitate alienissimo sæpe fregisset: in materia
autcm elegiaca, ut par est, res ci feliciter plerumque videtur procedcre/'
; The learned Dr. Lowth, late bishop of London.
142 ßIO G R...\P III CAL II 1ST 0 R Y
'Villiam Drummond was a man of a fine natural genius, which
}le assiduously improved with all the ad vantages of arts, languages,
and travel. He was universally esteemed one of the best poets of
his age, and stands in the first rank of modern historians. fIe, for
his exceHence in teBing a storY1 and interesting his reader in what
he relates, is thought to be comparable to Livy. His poems
consist chiefly of love-verses, epigrams, and epitaphs: his history
is of five kings of Scotland of the name of James. Ben Jonson
went, on purpose to visit him, to Hawthornden, where he spent
several months, which he esteemed the happiest part of his life. In
Drummond's works, the best edition of which was printed at Edin-
burgh, in 1711, fol. are SOine very curious particulars that passed
in conversation betwixt him and Jonson. The news of the be-
heading of Charles I. so shocked him, that it quickly hastened his
death. Ob, 1649.
G.ULIELMUS, comes de STERLIN (Sterling),
Æt. 57. W. JJfars/zall sc. Frontispiece to his" Recreation
of the lJIuses," Jul. 1637. The print is very scarce, as it
is 'raT"ely found ill any of the copies: it is one of lYlàr-
shall's best perfornzances.
There is another print of hiJ7z, in AIarshall's manner,
'[oitft this 'Jllotto, "Aut spero, aut sperno," prcji.red to
his Tragedies, in 8vo. 1616. J-Ie is there called Sir
Willia17z AleJ:ander.
. GULIELl\IJ, comitis de STERLING; 4to. TV. Ricll-
ardson.
'VILLIAI\I. ALEXANDER, earl of Ster1ing. Boc-
quet sc. Ill" Noble Authors," by AIr. Par/to.
'Villiam Alexander, earl of Sterling, was a very eminent poet
and statesman, in the reigns of Jat'nes and Charles I. His poetry,
which for purity and elegance, is far beyond the generality of the
productions of the age in which he lived, recommended him to
James, who gave him the grant of Nova-Scotia, where he had pro-
jected a plan of luaking a settlement. He seems to have been no
OF ENGLAND.
143
Jess a favouritp with Charles, who instituted an order of baronets
for the encouragement of this new colony.. His works consist
chiefly of sonnets, and of four tragedies in alternate rhyme. Db.
12 Feb. 1640, Æt. 60. See Class III.
l\lISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS IN DI'7INITY,
HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, N_
TURAL PIIILO-
SOPHY, &c.
JOANNES PRICEUS,Anglo-Britannus. Hollarf.
1644 ; 8vo.
John Price was deserveùly famous for his great knowledge in
ðivinity and philosophy. See the Interregnum, Class IX.
LUCIUS CAR Y, viscount Falkland, was author of "A Dis-
course of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome," which is the
most considerable of his works. It is written in an easy and fami-
liar style, without the least affectation of learning. Weare told
by Dr. Swift, that, in some of his writings, "when he doubted
whether a word were perfectly intelligible or no, he used to consult
one of his lady's chamber-maids (not the waiting-woman, because
it was possible she might be conversant in romances), and by her
judgment, was g
1Ìded whether to receive, or to reject it."t Ob,
20 September, 1643; Æt. circ. 33. See Class III.
WILLIAM AUSTIN, esq. of Lincoln's Inn; a
very sJnall head; Glover sc.
WILLIAl\1 AUSTIN, &c. holding; a lute; arnlS, sepul-
chral lal1lps, and skeletons,. Glover se. slnall ovate
This gentleman was author of " Hæc Homo, or, tbe Excellency
of Women," 12mo. He appears to have borrowed some hints in
· There is a list of the Nova-Scotia baronets at the end of the" Baronetage," &c.
by Arthur Collins, esq. I
t Swift's H Letter to a Young GcntIeman, lately entered into Holy Orders."
144 BIOGRAPIIICAI., HISTOR,\
this book) from Cornelius Agrippa "De N obilitate et Præcellentia
Fæminei Sexûs," usual1y printed at the end of his treatise " Dc
Incer:titudine et Vanitate omnium Scientiarum, &c." He was also
author of a book of Meditations on the principal Fasts and Festi..
vals of the Church, published after his decease in folio, 1637.
This work gives us a high idea of the piety of the author. The
two heads above mentioned are in the engraved titles to these books;
that in the latter, is the best.*
William Austin wrote his own sermon from Isaiah, chap. xxxviii,
verse 12, " Mine age is departed," &c. Speaking of his first wife
and children, he says, " The fellow of my bed, the play-fellow of
my house, the joy of my heart, and comfort of my life, are either
clean gone, or much impaired," &c. He died Jan. 16, 1633, and
lies buried in St. Mary Overie's church.
WILLIAM HODSON, esq. without his name;
lJfarslzall sc. neat.
The print which is prefixed to his "Tractate on the eleventh
Article of the Apostle's Creed," in 8vo. 2d edit. 1636, is known by
this distich: .
CI l\Iateria peccat, non peccat imago figura,
V ultum aliquis, mentem fil1gere llemo potest."
William Hodson, who wag educated at Peterhouse, in Cam-
bridge, was also author of " The Divine Cosmographer, or a brief
Survey of the whole world, delineated in a Tractate on the 80th
Psalm." To this is subjoined, "Sancta Peccatrix,'1 at the end of
which are several copies of verses from his friends. The print,
which represents him with an open and ingenious countenance, was
probably engraved from a painting of V and yck.
WALTER MOUNT AGUE; whole leJl
,th in a title,
4to. ilIarslzall.
· There is also by him a translation of" CATO :MAJOR, or the book of Old Age,
first written by 1\1. T. Cicero, and now excellently ]
nglished by W ILLIA!\I AUSTIN
of Lincoln's Inn, esquire, with annotatjons upon the names of men and places;
d edition, I
ond. 1671." -The above inscription is also contained in an engraved
title, wih emblems of mortality, &c. by J. Goddard, a Dame that occurs more rarely
than almost any other, ill thj
class of Arti
ts.- BIN DLEY.
OF ENGI..AND.
145
\Valter Montague, a younger son to Henry, earl of Manchester,
was born in the parish of 81. Botolph, without Aldersgate; was
eùucated in Sidney College, Cambridge; travelled. and returning
with an unsettled mind after he had been into France about public
concerns, gave a farewell to his country, and religion; and settling
himself in a monastery, wrote a letter in justification of his change.
The queen-mother of France made him abbot of N antveil, &c.
and he was one of her cabinet council and a promoter of Mazarine.
He is said to be of a Inost generous and noble spirit, and of great
piety. He wrote " The Sheppard's Paradise." Lond. 1629. "l\lis-
cellanea Spiritualia," 1648. 1654. He died about 1669. See Ant.
Wood.
D. GERTRUDE MORE, a nun; "]ýIag;'JlllS Anlo'ris
Anlor." R. Lochon SC. ] 21720.
GERTRUDE MORE; anno Dom i . 1633, Æt. 28. Jac.
]'leeffs se. Standing before a C'l'llcffi.'l': large 8vo.
Gertrude More was author of C( Spiritual Exercises, and the
Confessions of a loving Soul to Almighty God." They were pub-
lished at Paris, in 1658, with an approbation by "Fr. Walgravius,
Doct. Theo!. Monachus et Prior Benedictinus," in which he styles
her, "the late deceased Da.me Gertrude More, religious of the
English convent at Cambray, of the holy order of St. Bennet,
pious offspring of that noble and glorious martyr Sir Thomas
More, chanceJIor of England. She died in August, 1733."
EDWARD, lord Herbert, of Cherbury. His por-
trait is described in Class III.
Lord IIerbert was author of "The l.ife and Rcign of Henry
VIII." which has been ever esteemed one of the best histories in
the English language: but there is not in it that perfect candour
which one would wish, or expect to see, in so celebrated an
historian. He has given us a much juster portrait of himself, than
he has of Henry. He appears to have laid open every foiLle or
VOL. III. U
146
B lOG RAP II I C A L II 1ST 0 R Y.
defect in his own character,* but has cast the monstrous vices of
that rnerciles tyrant into shade, and has displayed to great ad-
vantage, his gallantry, rnag'l1ificence, and generosity.-His books
" De V eritate," t and " De Reli.gione Gentilium," are wen known.
I-Ie was also author of a book of poems, published after his de-
cease by his son. Ob. Aug. 164:8. See Class III.
JOI-IANNES SPEED, &c. sitting", and drazlJing' a
1Jlap. Savery se. h. slz.
JOHN SPEED ;frornhis mOJlll'Jnent iuSt.Giles's churc",
Cripplcg'atc. J. 1:
JJlitl1, 1791.
The print, which represents him old, was done in this reign. It
was takea from a painting in the possession of his immediate
descendant, the Reverenù Mr. Samuel Speed, formerly of New
. In his" Life," written by himself, a smaIl quarto of one hundred and seventy
pages. Strawherry-hill, 17 G-1. There were only two hundred copies of the first
edition of this book printed, which were equally divided betwixt the Earl of Powis,
and l\lr. 'V alpule, W110 distriuuted them among their friends. I am very crediLI y
informed, that it s{,ld at an auction for tluee pounds twelve shillings, and bave par-
ticular rcason to believe that I could have had more for a copy in my own pos-
session.
t Being in great dcbate wiLlI himself whether he should publish his book "De
V eritate," or not, he tells us, tbat he adùressed the following prayer to God, to
know his will in relation to the publi{;ation of it. His words arc these: " :Being
thus doubtful in my chamber, one fair day in the summer, my casement being
opened towards the south, the sun shining clear, and no wind stirring, I took my
book I De \T eritate' in my hand; and kneeling on my knees, devoutly said thes
words:
II 0 thou eternal God, author of the light which now shines upon me, and giver
of all inward il!uminations: I do beseech thee of thy infinite goodness, to pardon a
greater request than a sinner ought to make; I am not satisfied enough whether I
shall publish this book' De Vcritate;' if it be for thy glory, I beseech thee give
me some sign from heaven; if not, I shall snppress it.
" I had no sooner spoken these words, but a loud, though Jet gentle noisc, came
from heaven (fur it was like nothing on earth), which did SO comfort and dIe('f me,
that I took my !)etition as granted, find that I had the sign I demanded; wherenpon
also I resol ved to print my book: this (how strange soever it may seclll), I protest
before the eternal God is true, neither am I any way superstitiously deceived
herein, since I did not only clearly hear the noise, but in the serenest sky that ever
I saw, being without aU cloud, did to my thinking see the place from whence it
came. And now I sent my book to be printed at Paris, at my own cost and
charges," &c.-" Life of Lord Hcrbert," p. 170, 171.
OF ENGL.I.\ND.
147
Colleg
, and usher of \Vinchester schooL It is observable, tl1iÜ
the historian ùoes not appear to be so large a man in the picture,
as he does in the print.
John Speed, who was bred a tailor, was, by the generosity of Sir
Fulk Grevil, his patron, set free froln a manual employment, and
enablcd to pursue his studies, to which he was strongly inclined
by the bent of his genius. The fruits of them were his" Theatre
of Great Britain," containing an entire set of the maps drawn by
himself; his" History of Great Britain," richly adorned with seals,
coins, and medals, from the Cotton collection; and his "Gene-
alogies of Scripture," first bound up with the "Bible," in 1611,
which was the first edition of the present English translation. His
maps were very justly esteemed; and his "History of Great
Britain," was, in its kind, incomparably more complete, than all
the histories of his predeceôsors put together. lIe died the 28th of
July, 1629, having had twelve S0I13, and six daughters, by one wife..
SIR RICI-IARD BAKER, knt. Sherwin se. s7 1 lall.
In the engraved title to his" G"Jllronicle ;" fol.
Sir Richard Baker was the noted author of " A Chronicle of
the Kings of England;" a book formerly in great vogue; but
which was ever more esteemed by readers of a lower class, than
by such as had a critical knowledge of history. The language of
it was, in this reign, called polite; and it long n1aintained its re...
putation, especially among country gentleman. t The author seems
· The Countess de Viri, wife of the late Sardinian ambassador, is lineally de-
scended from him. Such was the friendship betwixt the late Lord Viscount Cobham,
and Colonel Speed, her father, that upon his decease, he esteemed her as his own
child, brought her up in his family, and treated her with a paternal care and tender-
ness. Her extraordinary merit recommended her to the Yisconntess Cobham,
ho
kfl her the bulk of her fortune. This lady, who is eminent for her wit and accom-
plishments, is celebrated by the ingenious :Mr. Gray, in his" Long Story."t \Ve
are, indeed, in some measure indebted to her for that elegant performance; as it
was written chiefly on her account.
t Sir Richard's own encomium of his" Chronicle," in bis preface to that work, is
supposed to have recommended it to many of his readers. He says, that it is
H collected with so great care and diligence, that if all other of OUf chronicles wcre
lost, this only would be sufficient t8 inform posterity of all pasSé1gcs memorable, or
worthy tu l.>e known."
t S
e the Jjr
t cditiol1 of his :rOCllJs.
148 B I QGItAI:JIII C.Al. II 1ST 0 It Y
to have been sometimes more studious to please than to inform;
and with that view, to have sacrificed even chronology to method.
In 1558, Eùward Philips, nephew to Milton,'" published a thinl
edition of this work, with the addition of the reign of Charles I.
It has been several times reprinted since, and is noW carried as
low as the reign of George I. t Sir Richard was also author of
Hlany books of divinity, and translated Malvezzi's "Discourses on
Tacitus;' and Balzac's "Letters." 1\lost of his books were com-
posed in the Fleet prison, into which he threw himself to avoid
his creditors. He died in his confinement the 18th of February,
1644-5.
SIR EDWARD 'V ALKER; in the print with
Charles I. B. Reading' se. sJ1zall folio.
Sir Edward Walker was some time domestic servant to Thomas,
earl of Arundel, who made hiln his secretary at war, in the expe-
dition to Scotland, 1639. He was successively rouge croix pur-
suivant, Chester herald, norroy, and garter king at arms; in which
]ast office, he was succeeded by Sir \Villiam Dugdale. He was
uthor of the " Historical Discourses," &c. fo!' which contain many
curious and useful particulars relative to the civil war, to a great
part of which he was an eye-witness. Lord Clarendon had the
greatest helps from his papers, in writing the military part of his
admirable history. t See more of him in the" Athenæ Oxonienses."
lIe died, the 19th of Feb. 1676, being then one of the clerks of
the privy council to Charles II. His portrait, which is in the book
above mentioned, is with that of Charles I.
THO:\IAS, lord F.AIRFAX, has written memorials of him-
self: and it is much to be wished that every great general had
· Author of the .c Thcutrum Poetarum," in 12mo. 1675. l\lilton had tIle care of
11is education.
t Mr. Daines Darrington, speaking of this history observes, that Ie Baker is by
no means so contemptible a writer as he is generally supposed to be; it is believed,'''
says that author, cc that dle ridicule on this Chronicle arises from its being part of
the furniture of Sir Roger de Coverley's haIl."-" Observat. on the Statutc!," p. 97J.
edit. 3.
Echard, p. 923.
OF ENGLAND.
149
done the same; though he had not, like Cæsar, been equally
dexterous at using the pen and the sword. He ver
ified the Psalms
of David, and other parts of the Scripture, but it is probable that
they were never thought worth printing. Ob, 12 Nov. 1671, Æt.
60. See Class VII.
JOSIAH RICRAFT, Londinensis mercator,IG46;
Faitlzorne f. 8vo. Before his" Alphabets, or Charac-
.. tcrs;" it is also before his " Survey," Ef,'c. and is very
scarce.
JOSIAH RICRAFT; twelve English verses. lV. Rich-
ardson.
Mr. ,v ood, who styles him " a bigoted Presbyterian," informs
liS, that he was author of " a canting book," entitled, " A Survey
of England's Champions, and Truth's faithful Patriots" &c. 1647,
Bvo.
This book, which has been mentioned before, has in it an ac-
count of twenty-one persons, who distinguished themselves in the
civil war, with short cncomiums in verse prefixed, and a head of
each person. He also published a book of alphabets, entitled
f' The peculiar Characters of the Oriental Languages, and sundry
others, exactly delineated, for the benefit of all such as are studious
in the Languages and the choice Rarities thereof, and for the
Advancement of Language Learning in these latter Days. Pub-
lished by Josiah Ricraft, of London, n1crchant, and approved by
the most learned of the kingdom of England and other foreign
Nations."
In the "Irish Compendium," (by Francis Nichols) we are Ìn-
fonned, that the grandfather of Richard Child, viscount Castle-
main, married the daughter of - Roycroft of vVestonwick, in
the county of Salop, esq. (which family came from Abbeville, in
Normandy), and that by her he had a son named Josiah, who was
a great East-India merchant. It is possible that Josiah Ricraft
luight be grandfather, qr otherwise near! y related to the famous
Josiah Child. Quære.
CAPTAIN THOlVIAS JAl\IES, .IEt
40, IG32; (f,
slnall oval.
150 ß lOG. R.APII ICA L III ST OR Y
fIe made, in 1631, a very perilous voyage to discover a North
'Vest passage; an account of which was soon after published,
and it has been reprinted among the collections of voyages and
travels.
IIENRICUS SPELMA.NNUS, eques auratus.
Gllil. Fait!zorne sc.lz. sit. A fine ÙJ7prcssioJl is scarce,. it
'lvas used in Stlll..eley's " ItinerarllJJZ," 1724, and 15 en-
g'raved at the top TiÆ'lzt hand corner; it has lately been
cOllied by H. (}ook, for AIr. Sotlzeby, in a 'JJlanncr to
deceive the best judges.
HE
RICUS SPELl\IA
NUS, &c. R. White sc. copied
.fronl Faith orne. Before his Postlll17nOUS Works,. fol.
1698.
There is a whole length portrait of hin1 in the hall of Trinity
CoHege, in Cambridge. It was copied from some other portrait, by
Isaac \Vhood, a disciple of Richardson.
This learned and industrious antiquary, to whom every writer of
English history, since his time, is indebted, was one of the Anti-
quarian Society in the reign of James I. and the intimate friend
of Camden and Sir Robert Cotton. I-Ie was not only well skilled
in the learned languages, but was also a great master of the Saxon
tongue; -of which he is justly esteemed a chief restorer, and for
which he settled a lecture in the university of Cambridge. His
principal works, which are in Latin, will last as long as the lan-
guage in which they are written: of these his" English Councils,"
and his " Glossary," hold the first place. A complete edition of
the" Councils of Great Britain and Ireland," was published in
four vols. folio, by Dr. David \Vilkins, in 1737; and his" Glossary"
was completed by Sir \Villiam Dugdale, and printed also in folio.
Dr. Gibson, who merited so much for his edition of Camden's
"Britannia," merited also the thanks of the learned world for his
edition of the English works of Sir Henry Spelman, which was
published in folio, 1695. This great antiquary died full of years,
and of literary and virtuous fame, in 16-:1 1.
GVLIELl\lUS SOMNERlTS. JìI. Burgllcrs sc.
OF ENGLAND.
.
151
" MQriblts ...4ntiqllis ;" 8vo. This prillt, 'lvllich is before
his" Portus IccillS," 'lcas probably done fr01Jl an ori,gi-
nal, painted in this Tcig'n, as the hair hangs very 101Ð Oil
tIle forehead.
'Villianl SOlllner was one of the greatest masters of the Saxon
language in his own time, and was careful to convey the know-
ledge of it to posterity, by compiling, with i
finite labour, his
valuable "Saxon Dictionary."* He was also very inquisitive
into all the other ancient, as well as lTIodern languages of Europe;
especially such as were most useful to him in his researches
into the antiquities of his own country. In 1640, being then in the
thirty-third year of his age, he published his" Antiquities of Can-
terbury;"t which gained him a great, and deserved reputation.
He had actually planned and collected materials for a history of,
Kent; but was, by several avocations, prevented from finishing it.
His treatise of the Roman ports and forts, in that county, is sup-
posed to have been drawn up for his intended work. He com-
posed, in this reign, his excellent treatise of " Gavelkind," which
was printed in 4to. in 1660. lVIr. Edmund Gibson, afterward
bishop of London, translated his "Portus J ccius" into Latin, and
published it in 8vo. 1694. He died the 30th of March, 1660.
His books and manuscripts were purchased by the dean and chap-
ter of Canterbury.:
· \V ood says that the Ie V ocabularium Saxonicum," compiled by Lawrence
NoweIl, was of use to him in this work. See" Athen Ox on." i. col. 186. "'hite
Kennet, in his Life of Somner, where he speaks of his Saxon Dictionary, says,
u For this, indeed, is a farther honour to the work and the author of it, that it was
òone in tIIe days of anarchy and confusion, of ignorance and tyranny, "hen all the
professors of true religion and good literature were silenced and oppressed. And
yet Providence so ordered, that the loyal suffering party did aU that was done for
the improvement of letters, and the honour of the nation. Those that intruded into
the places of power and profit, did nothing but defile the press with lying news and
fast sermons, while the poor ejected ehurchm('n did works of which the world ,vas
not worthy. I appeal to the l\Ion:lsticon, the Decem Scriplores, the Polyglot Bible,
the London Critics, the Council of -Florence, and the Saxon Dictionary."
t It was first published in quarto, but was reprinted in folio, with cuts. The
folio edition was revised and enlarged by the editor, Nicholas Battely; to which he
added, of his own composition, the second part.
t Every reader of English history must have observed, that nothing was more
common, than for old historians and antiquaries to bury their subject uDller a heap
of quotations, transcripts, instruments, and records: Somner first introduced the
practice of throwing things of this I"ind into an appendix at the end of the book.
152 RIOGIlAPIIICAL IIISTOR\-
JOHANNES WE EVER, Æt. 55, Ao. 163]. T.
Ceeill .se. four Eng'lislt verses. Frontispiece to the book
1Jlentioned in Ilis article. This print has úeen copied for
a '}lCU) edition of the sonze book.
John Weever, a native of Lancashire, received 11is education
in the university of Cambridge. He was author of the "Funeral
Monuments," a book of great utility to antiquarians and histo-
rians, but which would have been of much n10re, if it had not
been egregiously deficient in point of accuracy, especially in the
numeral letters and figures. He died in, or about the year, 1632,
aged 56, and lies buried in the church of St. James, Clerkenwell,
London.
RICHARD BUTCHER, antiquary. Cla1Jzp se.4to.
This antiquary published in 4to. " The Survey and Antiqnitie of
the Towne of Stamford, in the County of Lincolne, with an A{;count
of its ancient Foundations, Grants, Privileges, and several Donations
thereunto belonging. Also a List of the Aldermen's Names, and
the time when they were chosen; with the Names of the ten Lord
Mayors (of the Hon. City of London) borne in the forsaid county of
Lincolne: written by Richard Butcher, gent. sometime Towne-clarke
of the same Towne." Printed at London by T. Forcet, 1646.
In the dedication, which is dated Stamford the 1st of January,
1646, Butcher calls that pJace his native town.-A republication
of this piece was expected, with numerous additions, by Mr.
Foster, rector of St. Clement Danes, a native of Stamford, and
sometime warden of Brown's IIospitaJ, in that town; who had
long promised it, though it does not appear that he left any
thing of consequence behind him preparatory to such a work.
He began to revise in 1706; and afterward formed a design
of a new work; but an inveterate palsy in his head prevented
him from digesting his extensive reading.
In 1717, Butcher's " Survey," &c. was reprinted in 8vo. with-
out so much as the continuation of the list of aldermen. To t
is
eùition were appended, "A Brief Description of the Towne of
Tottenham Highcrosse in Middlesex," and " The Turnament of
Tottenham," both reprinted from the 4to. 163l.
Two folio volumes, 1\1S8. in St. John's College, Cambridge,
marked H. 3. 4. are entitled "Antiquity revived, in three parts,
.
OF ENGI.JAND.
153
setting forth the ancient and primary Habitations, Originals, and
Descents, of the Nobility. Barony, and Gentry of Great Britain,
and the Islands which lay within the British Ocean, according to
the several Compilers, with other Notes and Observations of Anti-
quity, by Richard Butcher." 'Vith a drawing of him, Ætatis suæ
61, ano. Don1. 1648. .
JAMES YORKE, of Lincoln, blacksmith; a slllall
Ilead. III the eng;raved title to !tis book, folio, 1641.
T. R. ({('iDly ns ) fecit.
James Yorke was author of the "Uniqn of Honour," a trea-
tise of English heraldry, which is inscribed to the king, and
dedicated to Henry Howard, baron l\1oubray, and Maltravers.
The writer, who was unfortunately under a necessity of beating
the anvil, employed his leisure hours to good purpose. He was
eighteen years in making his collections for this laborious and
ingenious work. In his dedication, he says, "Long was I in
forging and halnmering it to this perfection, and now present
it to your lordship, not yet matched by any of my trade." The
book contains the achievements of the kings and nobility of
England, from the Conqueror to James I. to each of which is sub-
joined a concise genealogical history; next follow the arms of
the gentry of Lincoln, collected by Yorke; and lastly an account
of all the battles "fought or maintained by the English, in Eng-
land, Scotland, France, Ireland, and VI ales," from the Norman
conquest, to the reign of J anles L The work is spoken of in high
terms, by several persons of considerable note, whose commenda-
tory verses are prefixed to it. Among others, are the. names of
Richard Brathwait, George Buck, and Thomas Heywood.*'
'VILLIAM FOSTER; his left hand on a sphere;
8vo.
This portrait is not genuine. See that of WEE VER.
II': Thomas Knight, a late shoemaker at Oxford, was noted for his extensive know.
ledg'
ill heraldry, in which branch of science he made considerable collections.
He, on sight of an achievement, rarely failed of telling immediately to what noble-
man's or gentleman's family it belonged. He also blazoned, drew, and added ele-
gant ornaments to arms. This man by the force of an heraldical genius, which, if
duly cultivated, would have qualified him for a king at arms, sUf"\k, ill a few years,
from a shoemaker, to a cobler. He died ill Novemùer, 1767.
"OL. III. X
154 BIOGRAPHICAL HIS70R\
'Villiam Foster was instructed in the mathematics by the cele-
brated Oughtred, under whom he made a very considerable pro-
ficiency. He translated frOln a Latin manuscript, into English,
his Master's " Horizontal Instrument," together with his "Circles
of Proportion;" 4to. 1630, which he dedicated to Sir Kenelm
Digby. An improved edition of this book was published in
1660, by Arthur Haughton another disciple of Oughtred.
KENELl\rIUS DIGBY, &c. Vandy
k p. Voerst sc.
}l. sh.
KENELIHUS DIGBY, &c. Slent; a copyfro'/7z tlzeabove.
I(E
ELl\IUS DIGBr. Vandyck p. Larnzessinsc.4to.
SIR KENEL1\f DIGBY. Vandyck p. Houbraken sc.
1748; fronz a fine original ill the palace of Kensington.
In Lor
Oxford's collection was a family-piece of Sir Kenelm,
his lady, and two children, by Vandyck.
KEXELl\lUS DIGBY. Burghers sc. In the frontisp.
to tile" Catalog'ue of the Bodleian Libral:J.'"
SIR KENELl\I DIGBY, in a cloak
. 121720. Tllere is
a small fo'reig'll print, inscribed "Kenelmo Georgio
Digby, Caval. Inglese, 1621," 81)0. Qu. if g'enuÙze.
SIR KENELl\IUS DIGBY. R. GaY'loood se. 4to. pre-
}i.red to the" InUJlOl"talit.y of the Soul," 1645.
SIR KENELl\I DIGBY. R. (,"to(jper sc. fronz the ori{!;i-
nal of Va Jld!Jke, in the Bodleill Gallcry, O..lford. In
lYfr. Lodg'
's " Illustrious PortJ''>aits.''
This e:niuent person, was, for the early pregnancy of his parts,
and his great ploficiency in learning, compared to the cele-
OF ENGLAN D.
155
brated Picus de l\1irandola, who was one of the wonders of
human nature. His knowledge, tl}ough various and extensive,
appeared to be greater than it really was; as he had all the
powers of elocution and address to recommend it. He knew
how to shine in a circle of ladies, or philosophers; and was
as much attended to when he spoke on the m03t trivial subjects,
as when he spoke on the most important. lIe was remarkably
robust, and of a very uncomlnon size, but 1l10ved with peculiar
grace and dignity.- Though he applied himself to experiment,
he was sometimes hypothetjcal in his philosophy; and there are
instances of his being very bold and paradoxical in his con-
jectures: hence he was called the "Pliny of his age for lying'."*
It is said that one of the princes of Italy, who had no child,
was desirous that his princess
hould bring him a son by Sir
Kenelm, whom he esteemed a just model of perfection. tHis
book of "Bodies," and that of "The Nature of lUau's Soul," are
reckoned among the best of his works. He sometimes de-
scended to much humbler subjects, and wrote "Directions for
Cookery/' &c. Ob, 11 June, I665.-The curious reader may see
a paper concerning him puhlished by Hearne at the end of
" Walt. Hemingford," p. 581: it is worth remarking, as it dis-
agrees with Wood's account: but the facts mentioned by the
latter are sufficiently proved in the article of Sir Kenelm Dig-
by in the "Biographia Britannica," p. 1709, note (L). See
Class VII.
JOHANNIS P ARKINSONI, pharn1acopæi Lon..
dinensis effigies, LXII. ætatis annUll1 agentis, a nato
Christo, 1629;- before his" Paradisus 1crreslris."
This print was cut in wood by Christopher Switzer.
.. There are traditional and hypothetical errors to be found ill the works of all
the philosophers, who wrote before natural science was ascertained Ly npelimcnt ;
from the age of Aristotle to that of Charles I. The great Lord llill:OIl himself \\ as
not e-xcmpt from them. But there is a 1\-ide difference betwixt errol
of this surt,
anù falsehood; evidently imposed upon mankind.-The above reflection upun Sir
Kendm, was made by Henry Stubbe, who is not always to be rdi
ù 011 fm his
characters.
t Lloyd's" l\1emoirs," p. 580.
156 ß lOG It A P II I C A L II [ S T 0 11, Y
JOHN PARKINSON; a s'ìnall oval: in the title of his
u TheatT'e of Plants." W. jlIa1
shall.
.JOHX P
\RKIKSO
; oval.
llic/zardson.
John Parkinson, apothecary to the king, was author of the
"Paradisus Terrestris, or Garden of Flowers," 16'29; and the
"Theatre of Plants," 1640; both in folio. The latter, which is a
work of merit, was intended as a universal history of plants. It
contains a great variety of articles, not to be found in any of the
botanical writers who went before him. He, for the most part,
follows the celebrated Caspar Bauhinus. He has omitted many
species which were well known in his time, and has given us
repeated descriptions of others. See more of him in the Bodleian
Catalogue, under the article of Lobel.-In this reign, flourished
another botanist of considerable note, namely, Wil1iam Cole, author
of "Adam in Eden, or the Paradise of Plants," folio. His" Art
of Simpling," a small duodecimo, may be of use to direct the un-
experienced botanist to the places where some plants are naturally
produced. See a Summary of the History of Botany and Botanical
'Vriters, in Tournefort's " Isagoge in Rem Herbariam," prefixed to
his" lnstitutiones," &c.
SIR HENRY WOTTON, kllt. fY: Dolle f. Be-
fore his " Remains," 8vo. ·
SIR HENRY WOTTO
. L01Jlba1
t
'C. Before his
" Re17laiJls," 12JJIO.
SIR HENRY 'V OTTON, sItting' in a chair, Æt. 72;
ft
ontispieee to llis " State of Christendo1Jz," 1657 ; fol.
SIR HENRY 'VOTTON. T. CheesJ7zan se. 1816;ji
o7Jl
the o1
ig'iJlal of Cornelius Janssen, in the Bodlein Gallel:lJ,
O.tford
' in Jllr. Lodge's" Illustriolls Portraits."
Dolle's and Lombart's prints are after the original picture in the
Provost's Lodge, at Eton College.
OF ENGLAND.
157
Sir Henry Wotton, a gentleman of many natural and acquired
accomplishments, was employed in several embassies by King
James 1. Towards the latter end of that king's reign, he was
made provost of Eton College; a station well suited to his studious
and philosphic turn of mind. I-Ie enjoyed his privacy tbe more
for having been much in public life; and was more a philosopher
for having been a statesnlan. Books in the ancient and modern
languages;t were his constant employment, and angling- was his
usual diversion. His writings, some of which are in verse, are on
variety of subjects; but his capital work is his" Treatise of Archi-
tecture," which has been translated into Latin, and bound with
"Vitruvius," and Freart's "Parallel," translated by Evely
.t In
this book, he has treated of the principles of the art, and its useful
and ornamental branches. Though he was justly esteemed an
elegant scholar, and an. able critic, his works abound with exotic
idioms; nor has he escaped censure for his pedantry. But it
should be considered that he wrote in an age, when, to write like a
pedant, was to write like a gentleman; or, to speak more properly,
like a king.! He was a good judge of the arts, and collected
abroad several pictures, and other curiosjties, for Prince Charles,
the Duke of Buckingham, and the Earl of Arundel. 1\1r. Boylc,
who was personally acquainted with him, says, that" he was not
only a fine gentleman himself, but was very well skilled in the art
of making others so."
Ob. Dec. 1639, lEt. 72.
RICH.A.RD BRATHW AIT, esq. Frontispiece to
Ilis " English Gentle1Jzall, 4to. 1630. R. Vaughan se.
RICHARD BRATH'V AIT; a Ilead in an oval, úy j}far-
shall. In the engraved title to Ilis " Survey of History,
or a }{urscl'!J for Gentry," 1638, 4to.
RICHARD BRATH'V AIT, esq. Evans e
l'e.
.. See Isaac \Valton's "Complete Angler."
t This book is entitled II A Parallel of the Ancient Architecture with the l\Iodelli.
in a Collection of ten principal Authors who have written upon the five Orders, hy
Uolalld Freart," fol. The cuts were engraved by IIertochs, but they are without his
name.
; James I.
Dirch's" Life of Do
Ie," p. 23, 8vo. edit.
158 ß r 0 G RA P II I CA L III ST 0 R Y
Richard Brathwait, (or Brathwayte) was a man of polite learuing,
and genteel education. He wrote many thing's in prose and verse,
of which the 11108t considerable was his "English Gentleman,"
which was thrice printed in this reign. He has lately, through the
researches of lVIr. Haslewood, been discovered as the author of
"Drunken Barnaby's Journey." See the 7th edition, puhlished by
J. I-Iarding, 1818. He died lVlay 4, 1673, and was buried at Ca-
therick, in Yorkshire; leaving behind hÏ1n the character of a well-
bred gentleman, and a good neighbour. See his article in the
" Athenæ Oxonienses."
JOHN I-IALL, Æt. 19, 1646; " OIÙn .ilIqjora."
W. lJIaJ'shall se. 12JJ10. ill an offal of bays.
JOHN IIALL; ill flll oval of bays, Æt. }O, 1646.
1TZ Rie/za1"dsoJl.
John Hall, a native of Durham, was educated at St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge; where he was esteemed the brightest genius in
that university. In 1646, being then but nineteen years of age, he
published his "Horæ V acivæ, or Essayes," a sufficient proof of
his abilities: his Poems came out the same year. I-Ie transJated
from the Greek, "Hierocles upon the Golden Y erses of Pytha.
goras;" before which is an account of the ingenious translator and
his works, by John Davis of Kidwelly. Ob. 1656, .lEt. 29.
There is a print of t1/)0 l1zen sitting' and 'writing:, 'witlt
801ne prohability 811pposed to represent SIR CIIAIlLES
and SIR WILLIAM CORNWALLIS, his .'J'OJl. Before
H Essaycs, úy
5fir Wlll. Corn'lvallyes the YOllnger, Knt."
I 632. Cecil! se. s'Jnall octavo.
Sir Charles Cornwallis, second son of Sir'Villialll CornwaJIis,
was a man of distinguished abilities. He was by Jmnes I. sent
ambassador into Spain, where he resided several years in that cha-
racter. It is wortby of remark, that li'rancis, Lord Cottington, was
trained to business in his service. I-Ie was afterward treasurer of
the household to P1Ïncc Henry, whose life he hath written with elc-
OF ENG LAND.
]50
gance. He had two sons, \Villiam and ThoD1as, the former of
whom is the subject of the next article.
Sir William Cornwallis was the author of the Essays just men-
tioned, of which the completest edition was published in 1632,
after his decease. He, like lYlontaigne, who was one of his fa-
vourite authors, writes frequently in a desultory manner, and takes
every occasion to speak of himself; and is, indeed, never more apt
to fix the attention, than when he is, without reserve, engaged in
this delicate subject. It is probable, that everyone of his readers
will think the egotism his choicest flower of rhetoric. Though he
understood the learned, and some of the modern languages, he read
but few authors with any relish, and those he thoroughly digested.
Plato and Tacitus were his selectest favourites; and he seems to
have had an eye on the latter in his short essays, in which his style
is rather too concise and figurative to be perspicuous. Though he
appeared to great advantage in the society of gentlemen, his mind
was always open, and on the watch to receive new ideas, however
coarsely conveyed by the meanest of the people; as he well knew,
that a ploughman"as such, frequently reasons much better than a
philosopher. He was attracted by every t.rivial book or pamphlet
that came in his way: of these he carried numbers with him to the
privy, and tore them to pieces before he rose from his seat.
Though he esteemed a life of learned leisure by far the happiest,
he endeavoured, by speculation, to qualify himself for action, and
sometimes, in his melancholy moments, anxiously desired to display
his talents in public; and so far regretted his being lost in the shade
of retirement as to wish himself out of the world.
LUDOVICUS ROBERTS, civis et mercator
l.ondi s . natus in Bellon1arisco, in insulâ Monâ, 1596.
G. Glover f. 1637; 4to.
Lewis Roberts was author of " The l\1erchant's Map of COlU-
merce," which has been several times printed in folio. The best
edition was published in 1700: he was also author of" The Trea.-
surer of Traffick," 1641; 4to. IIis principal work gained him a
gre
t reputation, as he was the first systematic writer upon trade
in the English language. A few years since was published" A Dic-
tionary of Trade and Commerce by Postlethwayt," and another by
Rolt; the former was translated from the French of 1\1:on8. Savary.
100 13 lOG R. A P II I C A J
II J S TOR Y
JACOBUS STANIER, l\Iercator Londinensis,
Anno 1643. II. Garret delin. TV. IIollal' f.
James Stanier was a merchant of London, and translator of
Ovid's Epistles.
CAPTAIN CHARLES SALTONSTALL,.IEt.29,
c. lIIarsllall sc.
Charles Saltonstall was author of" The Navigator, or the theoric
and practic Principles, of the Art of Navigation," LOi1d. 1642;
4to. His head is prefixed to this book.
SIR THOMAS UTQUIfART, (or Urchard) knt.
Glover del. ad vivurJl, 1 G45; 'lvltole lengtlt, J'mall 4to.
scarce.
SIR TH031AS U RCHARD, knignt; 'lvhole lell{!;th.
Richardson.
There was one of the same name and title, a Scotsman,*" who,
about the year 1645, published a Treatise of Trigonometry in 4to.
dedicated to his lady mother. There is before the book, a por-
trait of the author, at full length, in armour. His Translation of
part of Rabelais is much esteemed, as almost equalling the spirit
of the original.
There is a book of Epigrams by him, in 4to. 1641. He is said
to have been a laureated poet at Paris, before he was three-and-
twenty years of age. The most singularly curious of all his per-
formances is, "The Discovery of a most exquisite J ewe!, found in
the Kennel of 'V orcester Streets, the Day after the fight," &c. Bvo.
1652. It contains chiefly the praises of such Scotsmen as have
been famous in arms and arts, since the year 1600. This, as I
learn from IVIr. Horace 'Valpole, who has read the book, is one of
the stt'angest rhapsodies, that ever was tacked together.
tit H Biog. Brit." artic. ALE}"'A
lJFR, note (C.)
OF ENGJ
AND.
161
Vera Effigies THOMÆ NIGELLI,Armigeri,Warn-
fordiensis. TV.lJlarshall sc. 1211lo. ]lro11l John lJ:fai'i"e's
" Life of EraSJ71US," ill Latin, printed in Holland, 1642.
I t is dedicated to Thomas Neale, or N ele, esq. whose
Latin nan1e is Nigellus, as Nelson is Nigelli filius.
There is a b'ook, entitled " Directions to Travel,"
1643, by Sir THOl\rIAS NEALE, with his print, hy
lJlarshall.
THOl\IÆ N IGELLr, Armigeri, &c. W. Richardson.
MR. (GERVASE) 1\IARKHAM; a snzall oval; lit
the title to his " PeJfect H01'1Se'J7Zan/' 8vo.
-
MR. (GERvASE) MARKHA1\f; enlarged frolll the
aúove. B. Reading se. 8vo. T. Rodd eL
'C.
Gervase Markham was son of Robert Markham, of Cotham, in
the county of Nottingham, esq. He'bore a captain's commission
in the civil war, and was justly reputed a man of courage.* He
was a practitioner in horsemanship and husbandry, for at least fifty
years, and composed several treatises on both these subjects. His
books of Farriery have given place to those of Gibson, Soleysell,
Bourdon, and Bracken; but they are still in the hands of farriers
in the country. We see Markham's, Aristotle's, and several other
" Master Pieces," in almost every list of chapmen's books. He
was author of a tragedy, entitIed, "Herod and Antipater," 162],
of a book of angling.t The" Art of Archerie," and the" Soldier's
Exercise."
· In the" Biographia Britannica," article Holies, note (C.) is a remarkable story
of a duel betwixt a person of both his names, and John Holies, csq. afterward carl
of Clare. It is there said, that u Gervase l\-Iarkham was a great Confidant, or as
tl1e phrase now is, The Gallant of the Countess of Shrewsbury, and was usnally in
those days termed her Champion." It appears in the conclusion .of the story, that
be was, by an event of the duel, totally disqualified for gallantry. This may very
probably be another Gervase :Markham; but we are told that U he lived after to be, .
an old man; but never after eat any supper nor received the sacranient, which two
things he rashly vowed not to do, until he were revengpd." ,
t Entitled," The whole Art of Angling," in 4to, 1656. The author "ler:r gravely
VOl... III. Y
162 llIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTOR.Y
JOl-IANNES BATE. G. Giffard fecit; s1JlaIl4to.
John Bate was author of "The l\iysteries of Nature," in four
parts. 1. Of water-works. 2. Of fire-works. 3. Of drawing,
washing, limning-, and engraving. 4. Of sundry experiments. 2d
edition, 4to. 1635. The head is before his book.
JOHANNES Bl\.BINGTON, Æt. 31. J. Droe-
ShOlit
.c. a SJJZll!l oval, scarce.
John Babington was author of "Pyrotechnia, or a Discourse of
artificial Fire-works for Pleasure," &c. He was a great improver of
this art, and was also a considerable proficient in practical mathe-
matics. There is subjoined to his" Pyrotechnia," a short Treatise
of Geometry, with the Extraction of the square and cubic Roots.
His portrait is in the engraved title to his book, fol. 1635.
NATHANAEL NYE, mathematician, Æt. 20.
Hollar f. ] 644 ; 12nlo. ill an oval.
In the catalogue of the library at Sion College occurs "The
Art of Gunnery; shewing how to make Gunpowder, Match, to
shoot," &c. by Nat. Nye,8vo.1647. There is an edition of this
book, printed in 1670, in the title to which he is styled" 1\1aster
Gunner of the city of Worcester." To this is subjoined a "Trea-
tise of artificial 1,'ire- 'V orks." The print is prefixed to his " Art of
Gunnery."
JOI-IN LILBURNE, .lEt. 23, 1641. G. Gloverf.
Svo. several EJl
'lish verses.
17le Sfl17ze head, 'ivithin a prison-1vindo1v:/' altered wILen
he 11'as in COJ!fÙ1CJJZent.
tells m. in 'this 5ingular book, that an angler should II be a general scholar, and seen
in aU the liberal sciences; as a grammarian to know how to write, or disconrse of
his art. in true and fitting tC1.'mg. He should have sweetness in speech to entice
others to delight in an exercise so much laudable. He should bave
trength of
argument to defend and maintain his profession against envy and
lander." He
also ennmerates several virtues as essential to this amusement, and gi\'es us to under-
5tand that a complete angler mu
t be a complete scholar and philosopher.
OF - ENGLAND.
163
JOHN LI LBrR
E, &C. I-Iollarf. Under t!ie print is
an account of Ilis sllffering;s (for printing libels), ill
]JllrSllanee of a sentence of the Star-chal12bcr,. a ð'lnall
oval.
JOHN LILBURNE'I Vanderguclzt sc. 8-vo.
JOH
LILBOURNE, with his arnzs. Bul!fÙzclz del. R.
Cooper sc. frollz the original ill the collection of Earl
Spencer.
JOHN LILBURXE, with an account of llis sufferings.
J. Berry se.
John Lilburne, commonly caned" Freeborn John," was the most
hardened and refractory of all the seditious 1ibellers of his time.
Dungeons, pillories, and sc<;>urges, seem to have had no effect
upon him. He was still contumacious, and continued to be the
same turbulent incendiary that he was at first. He dared to oppose
every government undèr which he lived; and thou'ght he had as
good a right to liberty, in its utmost extent, as he had to the ele-
ment that he breathed. I-Ie looked upon all ordinances in religion
as tbe worst kind of bonds and shackles, and the effects only of
ecclesiastical tyranny. Being determined to enjoy the utmost
"Christian Liberty," he turned Quaker) and died in that communion.
See the Interregnum, and Granger'& " Letters," p. 274.
It is probable, that most, or all of the following persons were
authors; but I cannot find any mention of their works in the Bod.
leian, and other Catalogues, which I have examined.
SIR JOHN KEDERMINSTER, of Langley. T.
Cceill sc. 1638.
JOHANNES TI-IOMPSON, LEt. 27. GOlD!} del.
IIúllarf. 1644; 121no. in an orna77zental oval; scarce.
164 BIOGRAPIIICAL HISTORY
JOHANNES 'rHOl\IPSON, SVO. JV. (J1Iarshall) anOll.
l
Ingenio, non ætate sapientia acquiritllr;" in an oval.
"JOHN DETRICK, of West Newton, in the
county of Norfolk, esq. was born the 23d of Octob.
1567, and deceased the 31st of Octob. 1651." P.
L01nbart sc. 4to.
JOHN DETHICK, of West Newton, in the county of
Norfolk, esq. copied front the above for a new edition
of Blo1Jzejield's " Norfolk;" 4to.
I find that John Dethick, lord mayor of London, was knighted
by Cromwell the 15th of Sept. 16.56. He was probably a son of
the former, who is conjectured to have been a herald, as were se-
veral of his family.
HUMPH. CURSON, de Stanhow, in Norfolc.
falling band; 1211l0.
This may, perhaps, belong to the next reign; as may also the
following.
THOl\IAS MANLEY. .An anonYlllous portrait,
Æt. 21 ; black cap, hair, sash, llnd shoulder-knot; four
verses, " Tile pencil can no 'Jllore,"
'c. T. (}ross sc.
8vo.
AN l\.UTHORESS.
SARAH GILLY. (Lely),. W. Faithorne,' prifiL'l'ed
to his "Receipts," 1662, 8vo. Slie died 1659, Æt. cir. 48.
The name of Hannah ,V oolley appears on the later impressions:
5ec Woolley.
OF ENGLA_N D
165
AN ASTROl.OGER.
JOHN EVANS, the ill-favoured astrologer of
Wales; fro17l tlie original dra1ving in tlze collection of
tile Right Honourable Lord Cardiff. Godfrey sc.
JOllY EVANS; in Caulfield's "Relnarkable Persons;"
8vo.
. John Evans was one of those professors of astrology and magic,
vulgarly styled fortune-tellers, or cunning men, who gulled the
credulous and ignorant, by pretending to resolve questions, recover
stolen goods, and predict future events, from certain positions of
the planets; a study n1uch in vogue, as late as the time in which
he Jived, and in the pursuit of which many well-meaning persons
so besotted their understandings as to become dupes to their own
visionary absurdities.
Very little is known of this man except what is related by Wil-
liam Lilly, his pupil, who tel1s several very extraordinary stories
concerning him, but on the whole, from the character given of him,
he appears to have been more knave than fool. Hi5 countenance
which was scarcely human, seems to have been admirab]y calcu-
lated to strike an awe into his superstitious consulters. "It hap-
pened on one Sunday, 1632 (says Lilly), as myself and a justice
of peace's clerk were, before service, discoursing of many things,
lIe chañced to say, that such a person was a great scholar, nay so
learned, that he could make an almanack, which to me then was
strange. One speech begot another, till, at last he said, he could
bring me acquainted with one Evans in Gunpowder-alley, who had
formerly lived in Staffordshire, that was an excellent wise man,
and studied the b]ack art. The same week after we went to see
Mr. Evans; when we came to his house, he having been drunk the
night before, was upon his bed, if it be lawful to call that a bed
whereon he then lay; he roused up himself, and after some com-
pliments, he was content to instruct Ine in astrology: I attended
his best opportunities for seven or eight weeks, in which time I
could set a figure perfectly: books he had not any, except Haly
de J udiciis Astrorum, and Orriganus's Ephemerides; so that as
often as I entered his house, I thought I was in the wilderness.-
]66 llIOGRAPIIICAL RISTOR Y
Now something of the man. He was by birth a 'Velshman, a
master of arts, and in sacred orders; he had formerly had a cure
of souls in Staffordshire, but now was come to try his fortune at
London, being in a manner enforced, to fly for some offences very
scandalous, cOlnmitted by him in those parts where he had lately
lived; for he gave judgment upon things lost, the only shame of
astrology: he was the most saturnine person my eyes ever beheld,
either before I practised or since; of a middle stature, broad fore-
bead, beetle-browed, thick shoulders, flat-nosed, full lips, down-
looked, black curling stiff hair, splay-footed; to give him his right,
lIe had the most piercing judgment, naturally upon a figure of
theft, and many other questions, that I ever met withal; yet for
money he would willingly give contrary judgments, was much
addicted to debauchery, and then very abusive and quarrelsome,
seldom withou t a black eye, or one mischief or other. This is the
same Evans who made so many antimonial cups, upon the sale
\",,-hereof he principaHy subsisted: he understood Latin very well,
the Greek tongue not at all; he had some arts above, and beyond
astrology, for he was well versed in the nature of spirits, and had
111any times used the circular way of invocating, as in the time of
our fan1iliarìty he told me. Two of his actions I \\till relate, as to
me delivered.
" There was, in Staffordshire, a young gentlewoman that had for
bel' preferment married an aged rich person, who being desirous to
purchase some lands for his wife's maintenance; but this young
gentlewoman, his wife, was desired to buy the land in the name of
a gentleman her very dear friend, but for her use; after the aged
DUUl was dead, the widow could by no means procure the deed of
purchase from her friend; whereupon she applies herself to Evans,
who, for a sum of money, promises to have her deed safply delivered
into her own llands; the sum was 401. Evans applies himself to
the invocation of the angel Salmon, of the nature of l\Iars, reads
his Litany in the Common-Prayer Book every ùay, at selEct hours,
wears his surplice, lives orderly all that time; at the fortnight's end
Salmon appeared, and having received his commands what to do,
in a smaIl time returns with the very deeù desired, lays it down
gently upon the table, where a white cloth was spread, and then
being dismissed, vanished. The deed was, by the gentleman who
formerly kept it, placed among many other of his evidences, in a
large wooden chest, and in a chamber at one end of the house;
but upon Salmon's removing and bringing away the deed, all that
OF ENGI.AAND.
167
bay of building was quite blown down, and all his own proper evi..
dences torn all to pieces. The second story followeth. Somc time
before I became acquaiuted witl
him", be then living in the l\1ino-
ries, was desired by the Lord Bothwell and Sir Kenelm Digby, to
sllew them a spirit. He promised so to do: the time came, and
they were all in the body of the circle, when ]0, upon a sudden,
after some time of invocation, Evans was taken from Ol!t of the
room, and carried into the field near Battersea Causeway, close to
the Thames. Next morning a countryman going by to his labour, -
and spying a man in black cJothes, came unto him, and awaked
him, and asked him how he came there; Evans, by this, understood
his condition, inquired wllere he was, how far frOlTI London, and in
what parish he was, which when he understood, he told the
labourer he had been late at Battersea the night before, and by
chance was left there by his friends. Sir Kenelm Digby and the
Lord Bothwell, went home without any harm, and came next day
to hear what was become of him; just as they in the afternoon
came into the house, a messenger came from Evans to his wife to
come to him at Battersea. I inquired upon what account the
spirit carried him away; who said, he had not, at the time of invo-
cation, made any fumigation, at which the spirits were vexed.
" It happened, that after I discerned what astrology was, I went
weekly into Little Britain, and bought many books of astrology,
not acquainting Evans therewith. 1\1"r. A. Bedwell, minister, of
Tottenham High-cross, near London, who had been many years
chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton, whilst he was ambassador. at
Venice, and assisted I'>ietro Soave Polano in compm
ing and writ-
ing the council of Trent, wa.s lately dead, and his library being sold
in Little Britain, I bought amongst them my choicest books of
astrology. The occasion of our faning out wa!? thus: a woman
demanded the resolution of a question, which when he had done,
she went her way; I standing by all the while, and observing the
fig
re, asked him why he gave the judgment he did, since the
signification shewed quite the contrary, and gave him many rea-
sons; which when lIe had pondered, he called me boy, and must
he be contradicted by such a novice? but when his heat was over,
he said, had he not judged to please the woman, she would have
gave him nothing, and he had a wife and family to provide for;
upon tbis we never came together after."
168 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTORY
CLASS X.
ARTISTS, &c.
" MARCUS GARRARDUS pictor, illustrissimis
et serenissimis principibus, beatæ memoriæ, Eliza-
bethæ, et Annre, &c. Magnæ Britanniæ, Franciæ, et
Hiberniæ, reginis, servus; et præstantissimo artifici
Marco Garrardo Brugensis Flandriæ filius, ubi natus
erat. Ob, Londini, Jan. 19, 1635, Æt. 74." Hic ipse
1J;Iarcus depin..rit, Ao. 1627. Hollar f. 1644; 4to.
See a further account of him in the reign of Elizabeth, Class X.
DANIEL MYTENS. Vandyck p. Paul du Pont
(or Pontius) sc. lz. she
DANIEL MVTENS. Bannerlnun sc. copied fro17l tILe
for7Jzer. In the" Anecdotes of Painting."
DANIEL MYTENS. A. v: Dyck; P. de Joe/e.
Daniel My tens painted many portraits in England, in this, and
tbe former reign, which were very deservedly admired. Several of
them are at Hampton-court: and, at St. James's, is that of Jeffrey
Hudson, the king's dwarf, on whom Sir 'Villiam Davenant wrote a
poem, entitled, "Jeffreidos," which describes a battle betwixt him
and a turkey-cock. This artist grew out of vogue upon the arrival
of Vandyck. He studied the works of Rubens, and his land-
scapes on the back grounds of his pictures are in the excellent
st
Ie of that painter. He was living in Holland, in 1656. Ob.
1688, Æt. 52.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS, eques, &c. VUll-
ilyclt, p. P. Pontius sc. h. she
OF ENGLAND.
.
169
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS, &c. a copy of thefor'Jner,
by Ga!J7vood; h. she
PETER PAUL RUBENS. Vandyck p. Wool/ett sc. larg'c
4to.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS, 1630. Pontius sc. larg'c
h.
'lz.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Hollarf. It. slz.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Pelhal1z f. h. slz. 'JllC::Z.
SIR PETER PAUL RUBENS. Worlidgef. 5k inches,
by 3!.
SIR PETER P Å UL RUBENS. Chamhars sc. 4to. In
the" Anecdotes of Painting."
RUBENS'S family by himself,. engraved by Mac
A'j"dell, after the original at Blenlzeinz,. sh. mezz.*
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENIUS, &c. Guil. Panneels,
1630.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. V. Dyck; Boulonois.
PETRUS PAUL RUBENS,. 'Jnezz. Rubens,. W Dick-
enson.
PETRUS PAUL RUBENS, with Van Dyck. P. Pon-
tius.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS; 4to. S. Savorye.l'c.
· The engraver told me that this print, which sold for six shillings in England.
sold for three guineas at Paris. The French are grent admirers 'of our best mezzo-
tinlo9.
VOL. Ill.
z
170 BIOGRAPIIICAL HISTOR\"'"
PETRUS PAULUS RUBEKS. JZ Dyck; J. Visscher.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Wallresch sc. In San-
drart.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS.
Dyck; A. Lut'l71a;
scarce.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Van Dyck; Ficquet sc.
RUBEN'S FA1\IILY, by J1ï: Dickenson; rnezz.
RUBEN'S F Al\IILY, after Jordains. Watson sc. 'JJlezz.
In the Houg'htoJl Collection.
Peter Paul Rubens carne into England in the reign of Charles J.
wllO employed him to paint the ceiling of the Banqueting-house at
'Vhitehall, for which he was paid 30001. He, like Titian, excelled
ill almost every branch of his art; but his greategt excellence was
in history and landscape. There is more grandeur than simplicity
in his works;* but his meanest performances are generally pleasing,
from the strength and beauty of his colouring.t He painted beasts
of the savage kind better than any other painter, and his landscapes
are not inferior to those of Titian. It appears from the paintings
of this artist, and many others, that the ideas of feluinine beauty in
the Low Countries and in Greece, were as different as the climates.t
.. Ric1mrdson, speaking of his manner of painting, says, that H he lived and died
a Fleming, though be would fain bave been an Italian." See Richardson's Works,
p. 292.
t The ingenious l\1"r. Webbe is of opinion. that Rcbens did not understand t!1e
clare obscure as a principle in the art of painting. If he did not, it must be allowed
that he had tbe luckiest pencil that ever artist was blessed with.9 De Piles has, in
his u Balance of Painters," placed bim two degrees higher, as a colourist, than
Correggio.
t This will appear by comparing the women in the prints after Rubens, and the
fat Venus by Diepellbeke. in the u Tt:mple of the l\luses," with the \' euus of
l\iedicis.
9 See the If Enquiry into the Beauties of Painting," p. 94.
OF ENGLAND.
171
His greatest work was the history of Mary of Medicis, in the Lux..
emburg gallery, at Paris; and his best easel piece, the Assumption
of the Virgin, in the collection of the elector palatine, at Dussel..
dorp; there are prints of both. The Duke of l\larlborough has no
less than sixteen pictures by his hand. Ob. 1640. See the Ap..
pendix to this reign.
ANT. VANDYCK; a bust on a pedestal; ipse f.
aqua forti.
ANTH. VANDYCK, eques, &c. se ipse delin. Hollar f.
4to.
ANT . VANDYCK, &c. looking' over his shoulder;
chain about his neck. L. Vorsternzan sc. h. she
ANTOINE chevalier VANDYCK. P. Pontius sc. h sit.
ANTONIO VANDYCK. Feretti delin. X G. e A.
Pazzi sc. h. sh. One of the set of Heads of Painters,
done hy themselves, in the Grand Duke of Tuscany's
gallery at Florence.
The set is in the " Museum Florentinum."
ANTONIUS VANDYCK, &c. Gaywoodf. h. she
AXT. VANDYCK, eques, pictor. Vandyck p. J.
Vander Brugg'en f. 1682; h. sh. 'Jnezz.
ANT. VANDYCK, &c. his arnz held up, the hand
declined; 4to.
The Duke of Grafton has a whole length of him, from which this
print was probably done. It was painted by Vandyck, and repre-
sents him yo:,nger than any of the prints above described.
172 llIOGRAPHICAL IIISTORY
SIR AXTHONY VANDYCK. Vandyck p. Bannernzan
sc. Frq1Jl an orig'inal in the collectio'll of the Hon. Horace
JValpole, fronz which the DulLe of Grafton's picture was
painted. In the" Anecdotes of Painting;" 4tQ.
SIR ANT. VANDYCK. Worlidg'ef. 5! inches, hy 3!.
SIR ANTHO
Y VANDYCK; in the l1zanner of a dpa'lo-
ing. J. le Blon.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK. Bolsloel't.
SIR ANTHO
Y VANDYCK; mez'z. p.. P. Rubens;
W. Dickenson.
SIR ..A.NTHONY V ANDYCK
; a bust. fol. Neeffs-.
SIR A:\TTHONY VANDYCK; 1nez.Z. W. Vaillant.
SIR AXTHONY V
NDYCK; in Sandra,..t.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK. Van Dyck pln
'..
Dolg'org;ue sc. in .1J:l'llsée Napoleon.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK, with Rubens. P. Pontius..
This illustrious disciple of Rubens did not only excel his master
in portrait, but every other painter of his age; and tbere is no artist,
of any age, that stands in competition with him but Titian. There
is a truth and delicacy, in his best works, that surpass those of all
his contemporaries as much as he surpassed himself. It is recorded
of him, that he frankly confessed to one of his friends, that in the
former part of his life he painted for fame, and in the latter for his
kitchen.* His price was 401. for a half, and 60l. for a whole length.
His best portrait in England is the Earl of Strafford, with his secre-
· See De Piles's U Principles of Painting," p. 176, 177.
OF ENGLAND.
173
tary, at the Marquis of Rockingham's, at 'Ventworth-house: and
the best abroad, is that of Cardinal Bentivoglio, in the Grand Duke
of Tuscany's collection, at Florence. Mr. Richardson tells us, that
"he never saw any thing like it; that he looked upon it two hours,
and came back twenty times, to look upon it again."* There is a
good etching of it by Morin, but it is not common. Db. 1641.
GERARD SEGHERS, of whom there are several
prints, is said, by the French author of the" Abregé,"
to have been here after the decease of Rubens and
Vandyck, and to have softened his manner, which
was originally harsh, like that of Manfrede, whom
he imitated. Though he studied in Italy, there is
too much of the Dutch style in his works. Bolswert
has engraved some of his historical pieces.
GERARD US HONTHORST, (vel HONDTHORST)
Hagæ Comitis, pic tor humanarunl figurarum ma-
jorum. Vandyck p. Paul lilt Pont se. h. slz.
GERARD HONTHOHST, &c. BannernZGl'l sc. 4to.
Copied froln the above. In thc "Anccdotes of Paiutin!!;."
GERARDUS HONTHORST; 4to. G. Honthorst,. P.
de Jode.
Gerard Honthorst, who was esteemed one of the best painters of
his time, was invited into England by Charles I. He had before
been employed by the Queen of Bohemia, whose family he taught
to design: of these the Princess Louisa, afterward abbess of Mau-
buisson, and the Princess Sophia, were his most distinguished dis-
cipJes. He painted history anù portraits, but excelled most in his
night pieces, of which Rubens was a great admirer. Though he
stayed he_re but six months, the king presented him with three thou-
sand florins, a service of plate for twelve persons, and a horse,
Ob. 1660.
.. Richardson's U Açcount of Statues, &c. ill Italy," p. 72, 2d edit.
174 BIOGRAPIIICAl
}fISTORY
PALAMEDES PALAMEDESSEN, præliorum
pictor, in IIollandia. Vandyck p. P. POldius sc. h. she
This ingenious painter, whose surname was Staevarts, or Stevers,
was son of a Flemish jeweller and goldsmith, who, for his excel-
lence in his art, was invited into England by James I. Palamede
was born in London, in 1607. He studied in Holland, and paid
particular attention, to the works of Esaias Vandervelde, to whom
he was much superior. He painted battles and encampments with
great truth, nature, and spirit; and with unusual harmony and de-
licacy of colouring. His pictures are very scarce, as he was cut
off in the prime of life. Sir William Musgrave has a painting of
this artist, who seems never to have been employed in England;
but is numbered with the eminent painters of the city of Delft.. Ob,
1638, .lEt. 31. ..
HORATIUS GENTILESCIUS, pictor humana-
runl figl1rarum in Anglia. Vandyck i). L. Vorsterl1lan
sc. h. s h.
HORATIO GENTILESCHI. T. Chal1zbars sc. copied
froJJl the above. In the" Anecdates of Painting."
Horatio Gentileschi, a native of Pisa, having distinguished him-
self in Italy and France, carne into England by invitation of
Charles I. who assigned him a considerable salary, and employed
bim in painting ceilings. He made some attempts at portrait paint-
ing, but with little success. Nine pieces of his hand, which were
formerly in the royal palace at Greenwich, are now in the hall at
Marlborough-house. He also did the history of Joseph and Poti-
phar's wife, at Hampton-court. He died in England in the 84th
year of his age. His daughter Artimesa, was perhaps the most
celebrated paintress of her time. She was equal to her father in
Þ.istory and excelled hinl in portrait.
GULIELMUS DOBSON,pictor; ipse fecit in aqua
forti; sold hy RO'lvlet; small It . she
· See" Pilkington's Dictionary."
OF ENGLAN D.
175
GULIELMUS DOBSON. Stent; 4to.
WILLIA
I DOB,ßON; ipse p. G. White f. h. she
'Jnezz.
DOBSON. BaJllle1"lJlan sc. 4to. III the" Anecdotes of
P . . "
{tlntlng.
His head, by himself, is at Earl Paulet's.
i:)",
J
WILI,IAl\I DOBSON; Yl spirited etching'. Jos
Eng'-
lishfecit.4to.
'Villiam Dobson, caI1ed by Charles I. " The English Tintoret,"
was an excellent painter of history and portraits. He was brought
out of his obscurity by Vandyck who found him working in a garret.
The patronage of that great artist instantly raised his reputation,
and he was, upon his decease, appointed serjeant-painter to the
king,. and groom of the privy-chamber. He seems to have been
intoxicated with his good fortune: 'he grew idle and dissolute, was
involved in debt, and thrown into prison; and died, soon after
his enlargement, at the age of thirty-six. His works, which have
much of the character and merit of Vandyck, are to be seen at
Oxford, Wilton, and many other places; but his best performance
is at BJenheim. Some will have this to be a family-piece of Lilly
the astrologer, and others of Francis Carter an architect, disciple
of Inigo Jones. See" Anecdotes of Painting."
ADRIAN HANNEMAN. A. Bannerman sc. 4to.
In the" Anecdotes of Painting'."
ADRIAN HANNEl\IAN. TaJlg'e se.
ADRIAN HANNEl\IAN. V. Dyc/i.
Adrian Hanneman, a native of the Hague, was sixteen years in
England. He studied the works of Vandyck, and was, by Vertue,
thought the best imitator of the airs of his heads. He was the
favourite painter of IVlary, princess of Orange, daughter to Charles I.
A considerable number of bis works are to be seen in Engh\nd;
Oct.
1646,
]76 BIOGR.t\PHICAL IIISTORY
but his principle performances are abroad: he painted in the cham-
ber of the States, at the Hague. Db. circa 1680.
FRANCESCO CLEYN. T. Chanzbars sc. 4to. .bz
the" Anecdotes of PaintiJl/5'."
There was a picture of Cleyn, his wife, aJ?d several children, in the
possession of Mr. Crawley, of Hemsted, in Hertfordshire.
Francis Cleyn, a native of Rostock, in Germany, studied in Italy,
and was some time in the service of (. "
ristian IV. king of Denmark.
He came into England in the latter,eend of the reign of James J.
and was employed in the tapestry works at Mortlake. A fine suit
of tapestry in grotesque, after his designs, is at Petworth, in Sus-
sex; and at Honand-house is a most beautiful ceiling by him,
which 1\lr. Walpole says "is not unworthy of Parmegiano." He
designed many of the plates for Ogilby's "Virgil," and "Æsop ;"
the former of which were so much approved of by the king of
France, that he ordered them to be copied for the fine edition of
"Virgil," printed at the Louvre. He is said to have received fifty
shillings a-piece for these drawings. He painted little or nothing
in oil. Db. circ. 1658.
JOANNES LIVENS, Pictor humanarum Figura-
rum majorun1. Vandycli p. VOl"sternla1l sc. h.
'h. He
is represented in II very characteristic attitude, as if
listening to s017letltill
'. *
John Livens, a celebrated painter, of Leyden, came into England,
in 1630,t where he drew the portraits of most of the royal family,
and several of the nobility. He stayed here but three years. A
Dutch painter, of both his names, and, I believe, the same person,
was deservedly famous for his etchings in imitation of Rembrandt,
of whom he was a scholar. His principal pieces are specified to-
wards the end of the catalogue of the works of that artist, printed
for T . Jefferys, 1752, 12mo. They are sometinles added to the
works of Relnbrandt.
· This circumstance is an improvement of the portrait, as it relates to a remark-
able event in his life. See Richardson's "Theory of Painting," p. 99.
t See the Appendi
to the third volume of tbe II Anecdotes of Painting."
OF ENGI..4AND.
177
DAVIT (David) BECK, peintrc, &c. i}Jse 1). Cog'ct
sc. ffileysscns Ctrc. 4/0.
DAVID BECK. P. Cl01vct.
David Beck, a native of Arnheim, was a disciple of Vandyck,
and in favour with Charles I. whose SOTJS, the prince, and the dukes
of York and Gloucester, he taught to draw. His rapidity of exe-
cution was so great, tbat the king said he could paint riding post.
He afterward passed successively into the service of the kings of
France and Denmark, and was at last appointed painter to Chris-
tina, queen of Sweden, for whom he painted most of the illus-
trious persons in Europe.
Once, as he was travelling through Germany, he was suddenly
taken ill; and appearing t6 be dead, was treated as such. His
servants, who watched the corpse after it was laid out, endeavoured
to console themselves for the loss of their master with the bottle.
When they grew intoxicated, one of them proposed to give him Ð.
glass, though he were dead, as he was far froln having a dislike to
it when he was alive. This was accordingly. do
e; and the - con-
sequence was, that he recovered and lived many years.
HENRY VANDER BORCHT, peintre. Hol-
lar f. 1648. .lJfeyssclls C.l'C. 4to.
Henry Vanderborcht was son of a Flemish painter of the san1e
Christian name, who collected pictures and other curiosities, espe-
ciall y medals, for the Earl of Arundel. The son, who was also
employed in collecting for him in Italy, and was retained in his
service as long as he lived, was both a painter and engraver; and
drew and etched many things in the royal and Arundelian coIlec-
tions. He was afterward retained by Prince Charles. It is pro-
bable, that the civil war occasioned his return into his o\vn country)
as be is known to have died at Antwerp.
IIENRY STONE. Lely p. BOJll1C1'"rnan sc. In tlte
" Anccdotes of PaiJlting;" 4to.
IIE
RY STONE; holdiug; a carved head. 1 T ll/ldyck }i.
J. Vall Soulcr f. 1JlCZ"Z'.
VOL. III. 2 A
178 BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTOIl Y
Henry Stone, son of Nicholas, travelled into HolIand, France,
and Italy. He carried on the business of a statut"lry, after his
father's death; but was best known as a painter, and particu-
larly excelled in copying Vandyck. lIe is called "Old Ston(',"
to distingui
h him from his younger brother John. At Burghley-
house, is a good copy by him of the celebrated portrait of
Charles 1. painted by Vandyck, which was burnt at Whitehall, in
1697, and which was esteemed the best ]ikeness of him.. Db.
24 Aug. 1653.
HENRICUS STEEN'VY.CK, &c. TTan Dycli p.
Paul dll Pont sc.lL.slz.
HENRY STEEX"TYCK; ill the "Anecdotes of Paint-
ing," copied frOJJl the above,. 4to.
IIenry Steenwyck was a good painter of architecture, portraits,
and history; but he was not equal, in the first of these branches,
to his father, who had scarce a rival. He was employed in
]
ngland by Charles I. and we are infurmed, that in France are
the portraits of that king, and his queen, "with a front of a
royal palace on the back ground," by his hand. Descamps
says, "that this picture is more carefully laboured than any
work of Vandyck, and equal to tbe most valuable of l'Iciris."t
ABRAHAlVi VAN DIEPENBEKE, (vel Diepen-
beck). Pontius se. lJIeysscns e.
c. 4tn.
Abraham Diepenbeke, who is esteemed one of the best disciples
of Rubens, was employed both in Flanders and England, by 'Vil-
liam Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, for whOln he drew portraits,
managed horses, and views from nature. l\Iany of these works are
still remaining at \Velbeck. He was also employed by the abbé
de i\Iarolles, for whom he did the mythological histories, which
have been engraved in the elegant book, entitled "The Temple of
the l\Iuses," which were executed by C. Blocmart and l\1:attham,
and re-engraved by, and under the direction of Picart. lIe de-
· 1\15. catalogue of the pictures at Burghley.
t "Anecdotes of Painting," ii. 113, 2d edit. Notes.
OF ENGLAND.
179
.
signed several of the prints in Ogilby's "Homer." In the early
part of his life, before be entered the school of Rubens, he was
employed in painting on glass.
f'RANCIS WOUrrERS. F. lJi'""Olllc1"S p. BanJlerJJla/l
ljC. 4to. In the" Anecdotes of Painting'."
FRANCIS 'V OCTERS; 4to. P. de Jade.
Francis Wouters, a disciple of Rubens, came into England. with
the emperor's ambassador, in 1637, and was retained as painter
to the Prince of 'Vales. lie chiefly practised in landscape, with
small naked figures, such as Cupids, &c. and did a ceiling in one
of the palaces. His works were esteemed by the Emperor Fer-
dinand II. and Charles 1. Ob. 1659.
ADRIANUS ST.A.LBENT, pictor ruralium pro-
spectuuln Antverpiæ. Vandyck p. Paul dll PaÙt
'C.
h. sh.
Aùrian Stalbent was regarded as a capital artist among the
Flemish painters of landscape, who were never excelled by those
of any age or country. He was, for his superior merit, in,'ited
into England by Charles I. He painted various rural scenes, but
his view uf Greenwich was the most distinguished, if not the most
excellent of his works. Db. 1660, Æt. 80.
CORNELIUS POLEMBURG; ipse p. T. CltrlJn-
bars se. 4to. III the "Anecdotes of Painting'."
COR
ELIUS POLEl\IBURG.
Dyclc,. P. de Jode.
Cornelius Polemburg, disciple of Abraham Bloemart, was de-
servedly celebrated for his very beautiful and high-finished land-
scapel3, adorned with no less beautiful figures. He frequently
cmbellished his pieces with buildings and ruins; and sometimes
finished them to so high a degree, that they had all the lustre and
tt::nderness of enamel. He, for some time, painted in the style
ISO BI OG Rl\ 1)11 I CAL HISTORY
of Eisheimer, which he abandoned for another of his own. He
painted at Rome, and at Florence, where his works were highly
esteemed. He was strongly solicited to enter into the service of
the Grand Duke, which he declined; but accepted of an invita-
tion from Charles I. to come over to England. lIe sOinctimes
painted the figures in Steenwycks's perspectives. The scarcity of
his works; addéd to their intrinsic merit, occasions their being
v,!:lued as so many jewels.-He died at Utrecht, 1660.
EDWARD PIERCE, sen f . Ballnernzan sc. 4to. III
tlle "Anecdotes of Painting."
Edward Pierce, sen. was noted for history, lanùscape, and
architecture; and did a great nUlnber of ceilings and altar-pieces
in churches, which were burnt in the fire of London. He was
employed under Vandyck; and bred his son Jol}n a painter, and
Edward a statuary, both of whom became eminent in their profes-
sions. The most considerable of the father's works, now remain-
ing, are at Belvoir Castle) in Lincolnshire. He died a few years
after the restoration.
JOlIN TORRENTIUS. Banueruzon se. oval
. fvitlt
several other heads in the second edition of tlie "Ance-
ltotes of Painting."
JOHN TORRENTIUS; LEt. 39. 1628. Ilo/stein.
John Torrcntius, a native of Amsterdam, was an admirable
artist, but a detestable character. lIe was not only a profligate,
but impious; and avowedly prostituted bis pencil, which he em-
ployed on small figures, to the purposes of lewdness and de-
bauchery. He came into England in this reign; but his talents
and his morals were better suited to the seraglio of a Tiberius, or
the court of the second Charles, than that of Charles the First.
He died in 1640, in the fifty-first year of his -age.* See more of
him in the" Anecdotes of Painting."
· By the bands of the executioncr, fOI" writing heretical buoks.
OF ENGLAND.
181
ABRAHAM V ANDERDORT. Dobson p. Chal1l-
hars sc. fro1Jz the original at HOll
'lzton,. in the "Anec-
dotes qf Painting,." 4to.
AßJtAHAl\I V ANDERDORT. Dobson pill.:r.
Grccn;
ill the .floughtoll collection, hy nÛð'take inscribed Dob-
ð'on's Fatlter.
Abraham Vanderdort, a Dutchman, who had been for some time
in the service of the Emperor Rodolph II. came into England in
the reign of James I. where he met with great encouragement
from Prince Henry, who had a good taste for the arts. He was,
in this reign, made keeper of the royal cabinet of medals, with a
salary of forty pounds a year; and had the same salary appointed
bim for furnishing drawings for the king's coins, and superintend-
ing the making of puncheons and dies: he had also an allowance
of five
hillings and sixpence a day. board-wages. He was re-
markably excellent at modelling in wax. He hanged himself in
despair, because he could 110t find a drawing by Gibson, which he
'had laid up for the king.*
JOHN VAN BELCAMP. Bannerlllan sc. 4/0. IJl,
tlte " Anecdotes of Painting."
John Van Belcamp, a Dutchman, was employed under Vander-
dort, in copying pictures in the royal collection. The whole
lengths of Edward III. and the Black Prince, over the doors, ill
one of the anti-chambers at St. J ames's, are said to have been
copied by him.t These portraits more nearly resenlble each other,
than any of the prints I have seen of them. The whole length of
Edward IV. over the chimney, in another anti-chamber, was also
painted by him; the face is supposed to have been done from
some ancient original. His copies are thought to be well ex.-
ecuted. Ob, 1653.
· The original catalogue of Charles the First's collection of pictures, and othcr
curiosities, drawn up by Vamlerdort, is ill the Ashmolean l\Iuscum.
t I, under the articles of EDWARD and his son, in the first volume, have frum
mi:,inCormation. mentioued tQC5C portraits, by Delcamp. as ancicnt paiutings.
182 BIOGRAPHICAL I-IISTORY
JACOPO Bi\CI(ER. J. Backer; Baillell sc.
A Dutch painter born at Har1ington in 1609. His chief resi-
dence was at Amsterdam, where he wag encouraged as a painter
of history and portraits. Such was his facility that I-Ioubrakcn
aS3erts that he finished the half length portrait of a lady, dressed
in troublesome drapery and loaded with jewels, in one day. IIis
last judgment said to be a grand composition, correctly drawn,
and finely coloured, is in the cathedral of Antwerp. Db. 1651,
aged 42.
HENRY V ANDERBORCHT. lIo//ar f. 1648;
4to.
Henry, son of IIenry Vanderborcht, a painter at Frankendale in
the Palatinate was employed by the Earl of Arundel to conect cu-
riosities for him in Italy. He continued in the ead's service as
long as he lived, and drew and etched n1any things in his anù
the royal collection. A fter the death of his patron, he was
preferred to the service of the Prince of \Vales, afterward Charles
II. He died at Antwerp. .
BALTHASAR GERBIER. Vandyck p. lJIeysscJls
e.'l'c. 4to. one of the set of lIeads of Artists, published by
lJIeyssens.
SIR BALTHASAR GEnDlER. Vandyck 1)' T. Chanzbars
sc. In the "Anecdotes of Painting' ;" 4to.
BALT. GERBIEItUS, Æt. 42, 1634. Vandyck }).
P. S. CLl'cud.
There is a neat print of him before "Les flffcts perllicicux de
'J7lcsclwnts F avoris," A fa Ilaye, 1653, 12mo.
His portrait, by Dobson, in the same piece with that painter and
Sir Charles Cottcrel, is at Northumberland-house.
Sir Balthasar Gerbier was a retainer to the Duke of Buckingham,
aud nluch in his favour. fIe studied painting and architecture,
OF ENGLAND.
183
.
and had a superficial knowledge of other arts anrl sciences. lIe
painted small figure!o; in distemper; and did a picture of the in-
fanta, which was sent from Spain to J ames I. fIe owed his
fortune more to his favour with the Duke of Buckinghanl than to
his merit as an artist. ,V e ar
informed that he, at his own
house, entertained the king and qneen with a supper, which is
supposed to have cost him 1 OOOl. * See Class V. and the next
reign, Class IX.
NICHOLAS LANIERE, an Italian, was, for his various talents,
greatly esteemed by Charles I. lIe practised music, painting,
and engraving; but his greatest excellence was music. His own
portr
it, painted by hirnself, is in the music school at Oxford. He
etched a consid-erable number of plates for a drawing-book. lIe
was a connoisseur in pictures, and had the art of giving n10dern
paintings an air of antiquity, and putting off copies for originals.t
See the division of l\lusicians.
GELDORI:>. Bannernzan se. a s7Jzali oval, in tllc
saJ7ZC plate u)ith Van BelcaJJzp.
Though we see the name of Geldrop to the portraits of several
persons in this reign, it is certain that he seldonl drew a picture
himself, but painted upon sketches made by others. This painter,
whose christian name was George, was a countryman and friend of
Vandyck, who lodged at his house, upon his first coming to Eng-
land.
SIR TOBIE 1'rI A TTHE'V, who was in Spain with Charles I.
when prince, and the Duke of Buckingham, did a portrait of the
· "Anecdotes of Painting," ii. p. 61, notes, 2d edit.
t It is well known that this art is much improved since L:micre's time. 1\Ir.
Knapton, the painter, observed at an auction in Italy, that one Paris, a Frenchman,
gctvc very good prices for ball copies; upon which he is said to have accosted him
in this manner: "Sir, as I have had some experience in f>icturcs, I t3ke tbe friendly
liberty to inform you, that I think you gi,re too milch fo!:"such as you bIlJ." Paris
thanked him íor his kind arlmonition, and s
lid that he was not altogether without
experience himself; but as he fn>quently met with such as had none at all, and Jct
had a good opinion of their judgment, he was sure of getting considerahly by his
purchases. The honourable person, who tolù TIle this, informed me, that a nc-ar
relation of his, who was long resident in Francl>, bid out 6000l. in pictures at Paris,
which after his death, sold only fur what the frames cost him.
J84 BI 0 G RAPIIICAL IIISTOR Y
infanta, and sent it to England. There is no doubt but he at-
tempted, at least, to paint the beautiful Countess of Carlisle, who,
ns IVI... 'Voml tclls us, was "the goddess that he adorcd."-Sre
Class I V . See also the U Anecdotes of Painting."
JOlIN PETITOT; oval; BaJlller'J71an 8C. III the
s{nne plate 'lvitll Sir 1òby ltfattlzews and Torrell/ius,
ill the second editioll of tile " Anecdotes of Painting';"
4to.
John Petitot, a native of Geneva, who was never equalled in
enamel, not even by Zincke, was patroniesd by Charles I. and
Lewis XIV. His most celebrated performance is the whole length
of Rachel de Rouvigny, countess of Southampton, copied from a
painting in oil by Vandyck. This, which is in the collection of
the Duke of Devonsllire, is styled by Mr. Walpole "the most
capital work in enamel in the world." Several of his Eng)jsh
works in this collection, have much greater merit than those which
he did in France. Db. 1691, Æt. 84.
P AINTRESSES.
ARTEMISIA GENTILES CHI, Romana, famo-
sissÏ1na Pittrice, &c. Adcln p. H. David sc.
"En P.icturæ Miraculum invidendum facilius quam
imitandum ;" 8vo.
Artemisia Gentileschi is said, by Graham: to have "drawn
portraits of some of the royal family, and many of the nobility
of England." He does not infornl us how long she lived in this
country, where her father, a native of Pisa in Italy, spent the
latter part of his life. Though she is styled Romfllla, in the
inscription of the print, it is certain that she may rather be called
a NeapoIitian, as she resided chiefly at Naples, where she lived in
· See his" Essay towards an I
ngli
h 8cI1001."
OF ENGLAND.
185
such splendour as could never be maintained by the profits of
her pencil. Her talents in history and portrait, and the gaiety of
her character, were equally known throughout Europe. She seeins
to have been the most celebrated paintress of her time.
The Princess LOUIS...t\, daughter of the King of Bohen1ia, and
niece to Charles 1. was justly celebrated a'S an artist. I shall
only observe here, that in Lovelace's "Lucasta," is a poem
" On the Princess Louisa drawing." See Class I.
A .rvIEDALIST.
JEAN VARIN. N. Edelinck.
J ohn Varin, or Warin, was an eminent medalist in France, but
appears by son1e works to have been in Eng'land, or at least to
have been employed by English agents. In the collection of the
late 1\lr. West were, 1. Guil. fit Rob. Ducy, mil. et baronet, æt.
suæ 21, 1626. 2. Philip Howard, * S. R. E. Card. Norfolk. 3. En-
dymion Porter, æt.48, 1635. 4. And Marjareta, uxor, æt.25, 1633.
,,-'Varin was exceedingly fond of money; and having forced his
daughter, who was beautiful, to marry a rich and deforlued officer
of the revenue, she poisoned herself a few days after the wedding,
saying" I must perish, since Iny father's avarice would have it
so." See Lord Orford's "Painters," &c.-Warin died 1675.
STATUARIES.
IIUBERT LE SOEUR. Vandyck i). VallS01llerf.
4to. 'Ilzezz. t
(IIuBERT) LE SOEUR. BaJlJlernlan se. 4to. In the
" Auccdutcs of Painting."
This admirable artist, who was a disciple of the famous John
Doulogne, came into England about the year 1630, and was em-
.. Purchased Ly the Duke of 1\ orfolk fur 10L. 15s.
t This seems to be the same print as H
NItY STOXE.
VOL. I II. 2 u
1 86
I 0 (
RAP I-I I C 1\ L II 1ST 0 It Y
ployed by the king and the nobility. All that now remain of his
works, bllt they alone are sufficient to transmit his name with ho-
nour to posterity, are the brazen statue of \Villiam, earl of Pem-
broke, at Oxford, and the equestrian figure of Charles I. at
Charing-cross. The pedestal of the latter, was executed by the
famous Grinlin Gibbons.
NICHOLAS SrrONE, jun r . a 8111all oval. T. Challl-
bars sc. III the SCllne plate 'with Nicholas ðYtolle, sen r . See
the forlner reign, Class X.
Nicholas, son of Nicholas Stone the statuary, was bred up under
his father, and afterward went to Italy to improve himself in his art,
in whic 1 ) he promised to make a very considerable figure. Several
of his models, done abroad after the antique, have been mistaken
for the works of Italian masters. Mr. Bird, the statuary, had the
"L:loeoon" and Bernini's" Apollo" by him. He died in 1647.
ED'V ARD PIERCE,jun r . sJJlall; in the sallIe plat
'ivitll Edward Pierce, scn r .
Edward, son of Edward Pierce the painter, was a very noted
statuary and architect. The statues of Sir Thomas Gresham and
Eùward III. in the Royal Exchange, and several busts, particularly
those of lVlilton anù Sir Christopher \V ren, were done by him.
The former was in the possession of Vertue the engraver; the
latter is, or was, in the picture gallery at Oxford. He assisted Sir
Christopher in several of his works, and built the church of St.
Clement under his direction. The four dragons on the monument,
were carved by him. Db. 1698.-See" Anecdotes of Painting."
ARCHITECTS.
IGN1\.TIUS JONES, Mag. Brit. architectus
generalis. Vandyck p. Hollar f. Before his " Most
notable Antiquity of Great Britain, vlll
'arly called
Stoneherlge,"
'c. a pot folio, 1655.
O}
ENG LAND.
187
INIGO JONES. Vandyclc p. ðpiISbU},!1 f. h. sit. ïJlCZ',Z.
Tllis is unlike all tIle other prints of h iUI. Qllæl'e iJ'"
genuine.
INIGO JOXES. Van Vorst (oJ" Voerst)sc. large 4to.
INIGO JONES. Gaywood f. 24to.
INIGO JONES. Banner1Jlan sc. In the" .r1Jlccdotes of
Painting ,-" 4to.
INIGO JO
ES, "architector" Magnæ Britanniæ.
F. Villauzoena f. It. slz.
INIGO J O
ES; 4to. P. Rothwell se. In .illalcolin's
" Lives of Topog'l'"aplzers;" 4to.
His head, by Vandyck, is at Houghton.
Inigo Jones, who, as an architect, would have done honour to any
age or nation, had a true taste for whatever was great or beautiful
in his art. His talent for design began to display itself early, and
recommended bim to the notice of the Earl of Arundel, 'H< who sent
him to Italy to study landscape. In that ample theatre of the
arts, his genius, with which himself had been unacqnainted, was
soon awakened by architecture. His progress in his beloved study
was suitable to the strength of his parts, and the vehemence of
his inclination; and he, in a few years, saw himself at the hEad
of his profession, and in possession of its highest honours.-The
Banqueting-house at 'VhitehaB, which is his capital work, was
erected in the late reign. This has been pronounced, by judicious
foreigners, the most finished of the modern buildings on this side
the Alps;t and is itself a study of architecture. Of private
houses, the Grange, in Hampshire, is one of his completest struc-
tures. I-Ie has written a book to prove that Stone-Henge was a
.. Some say that William, eall of Pembroke, was his patron.
t This was the opinion of l\Tons. d'Azout, a famous French architect, \\bo was
seventeen years in Italy, at different times, to improve himself in the knowledge of
architecture. He was in England about the year 168.'). See Lister's" Journey to
l'ari...," p.
'!).
188 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTOR Y
Roman temple, as Dr. Stukely has done to prove it a temple of
the Druids; future writers will, probably, start new hypotheses,
founded upon as n1uch, or as little probability, as the arguments
of either. Db. 21 July, 1651.
A CHASER AND MODELLER.
THEODORE ROGIERS. Vandyck p. P. Clollet
se. One of tile set of Heads after Vandyck; h. sit.
Theodore Rogiers chased some fine pieces of plate with poetic
stories, for the king. There is a print by James Neeffs, of a
Inagnificent ewer which he modelled for him, after a design of
Rubens; it represents the judgment of Paris.
ENGRA VERSo
LUCAS VORSTERMANS (vel VORSTER!vIAN),
chalcographus, in Geldria natus. Ant. Vandyclc f.
aqua forti. This is one of tile valuable etching's dune by
Vandyck's own hand. I think tllere are, at least, si..rteen
of tlzc1n.
LUCAS V ORSTERl\IANS. Valldyclì p. L. Vorstcl' o malls,
j llllio'lo, se. Iz. sll.
Luke V orsterman, '* an admirable Dutch engraver of history and
portrait, was about eight years in England. He engraved a con-
siderable number of historical pieces after Rubens and Vandyck,
and much in the style of these great masters. One of his best
performances, which was done after a painting of the latter, is
the Virgin supporting the dead body of Christ. The original,
which was lately purchased by the Earl of Exeter, is at Burghley-
house: it is about the same size with the print. The finest Eng-
lish portrait that I have seen of V orsterman's engraving, and
which I believe is exceeded by none of his numerous works" is that
· lIe
om('tillles sp('Jt his uallle Yosterman, as it was pronounced.
OF ENGLAND.
189
of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, with. the staves of earl-
marshal and lord-treasurer, after a painting of Hans Holbein.
He had a son of both his names, who was an engraver; but he
was inferior to his father.
ROBERTUS VAN VOERST (vel VORST), chal-
cographus. Vandyck p. R. Van Voerst sc. h. she
ROBERT VAN VOERST. Vandyck p. T. Chanzbars sc.
In Jÿ[r. Walpole's "Catalogue of Eng'ravers."
ROBERT VAN VOERST. G. Barratt sc.
Robert Van V oerst was an excellent engraver of portraits; and,
in this branch of his art, the rival of V orstermau, but somewhat
inferior to him. His large head of the Queen of Bohemia, en-
grayed from a painting of Gerard Honthorst, by command of
Charles I. was esteemed his best work. His own portrait, above
described, which is among those of the artists by Vandyck, is
finely executed.
WINCESLAUS HOLLAR, Æt.40, 1647; ipsef.
slnall 4to. J-lis coat of arnzs underneath.
,\TINCESLAUS HOLLAR. .kleyssens p. J-Iollar f.
4to. Anlong the Heads of the Artists published by
JJIeyssens.
'V I
CESLA us HOLLAR; ipsc f. s17zall.
'VJ NCESLAUS HOLLAR; a sJ7lalloval, cug'raved úy
Vcrtlie, in the title to the Catalog'uc of his TVorks, co'J71-
piled by the scone hand. Lond. 1745; 4to.
To this catalogue is subjoined an account of his life.
This excellent engraver has perpetuated the resemblance of a
thousand curio
ities of art and nature, which greatly merit our at-
tention. V\T e, in his works, seem to see buildings rising from their
ruins; êlnd many things now in a state of decay, or dissolution,
190 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
appearing in all their original beauty. He has enriched the" Mo-
nasticon" with a great variety of eleg-ant engravings of our an-
cient cathedrals and ruins of abbeys. 'Ve have the inside and
outside of the old church of St. Paul by his hand; Wé seem to
walk in that venerable structure; and, with a pleasing melancholy J
survey its tombs, and dwell on their inscriptions, and are led to
the thoughts of our own mortality.-His perspective views and
bis portraits are the most numerous, his muffs and insects the
most remarkable for the beauty of the engraving, and his shells
the scarcest of his estimable works. The merit of this ingeni-
ous and industrious artist was never sufficiently valued in Jhe reign
of Charles II. He died as poor as if he had lived in a country of
Barbarians, in the year 1677. But it should here be remembered
that, though Hollar was a good engraver when he took pains, a
great number of his performances are but very slightly executed.
The Dutchess-dowager of Portland has a complete collection of his
etchings in twelve volumes folio. There is also a very valuable
collection of them in the King's Library, which belonged to William
III. The author of a late "Essay upon Prints" has, by no
Ineans, done justice to Hollar in the first edition of his book:
see what he says of him in the preface to the second edition.
SIR EDMUND MARl\tlION. Gifford se.
Sir Edmund J\Iarmion was a gentleman of fortune, who some-
times engraved for his amusement. The author of the essay,
mentioned in the foregoing article, informs us, that "he etched
a few portraits in the manner of Vandyck, and probably from him,
in which there is great ease and freedom, and that he has put
his name only to one of them." This appears to be that of
George Tooke, esq. of Popes, in Hertfordshire. See TOOKE, Class
VIII.
lVIUSICIANS.*
HENR Y LA'VES; [zeo angels /zolding' a chaplet
over his head,. 8vo.
· I have placed musicians, who belong to one of the liberal arts, after engravers,
as method requircs that the arts which drpcnd upon dChign
hould go together.
OF ENGLAND.
191
H.ENRY LAWES. Faitho1'nef. 8vo.
HENRY LA'VES; in a circle,. c. Grig
'llion; zn Sir
John Hawkins's" History of 1JIusic."
HENRY LA\VES. ß7: Richardson.
Henry Lawes, who was the Purcell of his time, was servant to
Charles I. in his public and private music. He get sonle of the
works of almost every poet of eminence, in this reign, to such
music as pleased the most judicious ears. Several of the Lyrics
of 'VaIler and the "Comus" of Milton were set by him; and
both these poets have paid him due honour in their verses. In
the time of the rebellion, he taught ladies to sing,* and, upon
the restoration, was restored to his places. He compose d a
considerable number of psalm tunes in "Cantica sacra," for
three voices and an organ. IVlany more of his compositions are
to be seen in " Select Aires and Dialogues," in "The Treasury
of lVlusic," and the "Musical Companion." Ob. Oct. 1662.-
'Villialn Lawes, his brother, was, by some, thought even his superior.
He was a scholar of Giovanni Coperario, a famous Italian musician;
and, as Dr. Fuller tells us, made above thirty several sorts of
music for voices and instruments; neither was there any instru-
ment, then in use, but he composed to it so aptly, as if he had
studied that only.t He was a commissary under General Gerard
in the civil war; and, to the great regret of the king, was
killed at the siege of Chester, the 26th of Sept. 1645.- In the
music school, at Oxford, are two large manuscript volumes of
his works in score, for various instruments. In one of then1 are
his original compositions for masques, performed before the king,
and at the inns of court. In the same school is an original por-
trait of his brother Henrv.
oi
NICHOLAS LANIERE. J. Lyvyus p. Vorster-
rnan sc. It. she
· l.\Iannscript Account of 'l\Iusicians, by A. \Vood, in Ashmule's Museum.
t U V'lorthies," in Wilts, p. 157.
192 BI 0 G RA P II I CA L II 1ST 0 Il Y
N ICIIOLAS LANI ERE. J. Lyvyus p.
In the "Anecdotes of Painting',." 4to.
the above.
Cliambat's sc.
Copicd fronl
At the Grange, in Hampshire, the seat of tbe Henleys was a
fine portrait of him by Vandyck. It was the sight of this picture
that determined the king to elnploy that excellent painter.
Nicholas Laniere, who has been n1entioned under a former divi-
sion of this Class, was one of the private music to Charles 1.*
I-Ie, together with Ferabosco, another Italian, cOlllposed the sym-
phonies to several of the masques performed at court, which were
written by Ben Jonson, the laureate He also set to n1usic
several songs and hymns by the poets of this time; particularly
a vocal cOInposition for a Funeral I-Iymn on the King, his much-
lamented master, written by Thomas Pierce. Several of his
works are in the" Select ...\ires and Dialogues," Lond. 1653.+
JAMES GOUTER; holding' a double lute in his
left hand.-The print is thus inscribed: "Jacobo
Goutero, inter regios l\lagnæ Britanniæ Orpheos et
Amphiones, Lydiæ, Doriæ, Phrygiæ testudinis Fidi-
.. In the reign of James 1. he was employed, both as a composer and a performer,
in the grand masque e:xhibited in the Banqueting-house at 'Yhitchall, at the Earl of
Somerset's wedding. The masquers were of high rank; namely, the Duke of Lenox,
the Earls of Pembroke, Dorset, Salisbury, and l\Iontgomery; the Lords \Valden,
Scroope, N ortb, and HaJcs; Sir Thomas, Sir Henry, and Sir Charles Howard: the
queen herself bore a part in tile performance, under her state, being
iùdrcssed by
the name of " J3el Anna." There is a particular description of this masque in print.t
He painted the sc
ncs, and composed the music, for a masque performed at the house
of the Lord Hay, for the entertainment of the Yrench ambassador, 1617.
t UpOll the death of llobert, the second earl of Northington, who died in 1772
unmarried, the family house and estate were sold, as was the collcction of pictures,
bJ public auction; when Laniere's portrait, and Yalldyck's sketch of the procession
of the knights of the Garter, mentioned under Lis article in the" Anecdotes of Paint-
ing," were both disposed of; the latter had been pi eviously engra\'ed by subscrip-
tion, by l\1r. Richard Cooper, drawing-master to the quecn.-BINDLEY.
t The curious reader may see "Passages at the l\Iarriagc of the Earl of Somer-
set," p. 12, &c. of " Finetti Philoxenis; some choice Observations of Sir John
FineU (Finet) Knight, and (Assistant) l\Iaster of the Ccremonies to the t\\O last
Kings, touching the Reception, &c. of foreign .Ambassadors in England," 16.:J6, 8"0.
This Loo),.. was published by J ames Howell. '
OF EN(i LAND.
103
CIUl, et' Modulatorum Prineipi: hane e penicilli sui
tabula, in æs transeriptanl effigienl, J oannes Lævini*
fidæ amicitiæ monumentum conseeravit." Joanues
Livius f. et e.rc. 11. slz.
The excellence of Gouter's hand on the lute appears from the
above inscription. But he was, perhaps, not superior to Dr. John
'Vilson, a gentleman of the king's chapel, and one of his mu-
sicians in ordinary; who, on that instrument, excelled all the
Englishmen of his time. He frequently played before Charles I.
who usually "leaned, or laid his hand on his shoulder," and
listened to him with great attention. t See Wood's "Fasti," II.
Col. 41. See also the reign of CHARLE.S II.
WILLIAl\i HEYTfIER. l\lus. Doc. J. Cald1vall se.
a circle,. ill HalDldJls's " History."
\Villiam Heyther was a member of the choir of \Vestminster,
and a gentleman of the chapel royal. He was the intimate
friend of the celebrated Camden, who some tillle previous to his
death, determined to found a history Jecture on the university of
Oxford. 1'11'. Heyther was commissioned to wait on the vice-
chancellor with the deed of endowment. This gentleman, having
been very assiduous in the study of music, expressed a desire
to be honoured with a musical degree, and accordingly that of
doctor was conferred upon him in lVlay, 1622. He was executor
in Camden's will, and upon his death came in for a considerable
life estate. Db. 1627, and was interred in the broad or south
aisle adjoining to the choir of \Vestminster Abbey.
· Sic Orig.
t l\Iusic was looked upon at tbis time, as almost an indispensable qUdlification of
a gentleman. Sir John Hawkins, editor of Is. Walton's u Complete Angler," teUs
us, that U formerly a lute was consillered as a necessary part of the furniture of a
barber's shop, and answered the end of a newspaper, the now common amusement
of waiting customers; which it could never have done, if music had nol been ge-
nerally known and practised." The editor applies this observation to the illustra-
tion of a passage in Ben Jonson's u Silent 'Voman." Morose, in Act iii. Scene 5..
of that play, after he bad discovered tlmt his supposcò wife could talk, and that to
the purpose too, cries out on Cutbeard j u That cursed barber! I have Inarried
his cittern, that's common to aU men."
VOL. III. 2 C
194 n r 0 G RAP II I C A L II 1ST 0 H Y
JOlIN HILTOK. J. Caldwall sc.
Ha1.vkillS'S "History."
. ,
a Cl1"
e; lli
John I-lilton, bachelor of nlusic
of the university of Cambridge,
was organist of the church of Se. l.\largaret, \Vestrninster. He was
the author of a JJiadrigal in five parts, and in 1652, published a
valuable collection of catches, rounds, and canons for three
and four voices, under the quaint title of "Catch tnat catch
l'an," containing some of the best compositions of the kind. He
died during the usurpation, and was buried in the cloisters of
'Vestminstcr Abbey.
'VRITING-1VIASTERS.
RICHARD GETHINGE, writing-master; Sl.r
English verses. J. Chantry se.
RrCHARDUS GETHINGE; ill a sheet ofpen'l1zanslÛp;
si.l
Ellg'lish verses,. scarce.
Gethinge, a native of Herefordshire, and a scholar of John Da-
vies, the famous writing-master of Hereford, was thought to sur-
pass his master in every branch of his art. Dr. Fuller speaks thus
of these dexterous artists: "Sure I am, that when two such tran-
scendant pen-masters shall again come to be born in the same shire,
they may even serve fairJy to engross the will and testament of
the expiring universe.t7;
See DAVIES in the former reign.
THEOPHILUS 1\1ETCALF, n1aster in the art of
short writing; 12JJlo.
His essay on this art, which is said to have passed thirty-five
editions, had never, in reality, more than one. The editions, as
they are called, are only small numbers taken fronl the same plates
at different times, and the dates as often altered in the title. The
.. H W ortl1ies." in HercioHbhirc, p. 40.
OF ENG LAND.
195
first book of short-hand published ill England was by Dr. Timo-
thy Bright, of Cambridge: it was entitled " Characterie, an Art of
short, swift, and secret 'Vriting, by Character ;" printed by J. 'Vin-
det, &c. 12mo 1588, and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Bales
was a great adept in the art of secret writing by dashes. John
\Villis, a clergyman, who flourished in the reigns of James and
Charles I. originally struck out the method of short-hand, which
has been followed, more or less, by our writers, ever since. Ed-
mund Willis, in his" Abbreviation of Writing by Character," 1618,
is said to have improved greatly upon John. Bishop \Vilkins, in
the epistle dedicatory to his" Real Character," printed in 1668,
says, that short writing was invented about sixty years since; he
might have said eighty. This art is, in a manner, our own; it was
very little known or practised, at this time, in any other country.
IVlr. Ashby, president of St. John's College, in Cambridge, has, I
believe, the completest list of short-hand writers extant.
THOlVIAS SHELTON, Æt.46; 1211l0. T.C/
oss sc.
Thomas Shelton was thought to have improved upon l\Ietcalf,
in the art of short writing. His" Tachygraphy," and" Zeiglo-
graphy," were several times printed; the former was translated into
Latin, for the use of foreigners; it is entitled, " Tachygraphia ;
sive exactissima et compendiosissima breviter scribendi Methodus,"
&c. Lond. 8vo. 1671. See the Interregnum.
"ELIAS ALLEN, apud Anglos, Cantianus, juxta
Tunbridge natus, mathen1aticis instrun1entis ære in-
cidendis sui temporis artifex ingeniosissin1us. Ob.
Londini, mense Nlartii, 1653." H. Vallderbo1'"cht p.
JJ1: Hollar f. h. she
E1ias Allen, who was sworn servant to Charles I. about the year
1627, was employed by the most eminent mathematicians of his
time. 'Ve are informed that he made a horizontal dial, under the
direction of the famous Oughtred, to present to the king.*'
· If Diographia," netic. OUGIHRED.
196 BIOGRAPIIIC,AL IIISTORY
"JOHANNES TRADESCANTUS, pater, rertUll
selectaruln insignem supellectilem, in reconditorio
Lambethiano prope Londinum, etian1nU111 visendam,
primus institutit ac locupletavit." Hollar f. 127720.
JOHN TRADESCANT, with his Son, and their 1\10-
nument. J. T. SlJzith, 1793.
" JOHANNES TRADESCAXTUS, filius, genn lnge-
niique paterni verus Hæres, relictum sibi rerun1
undique congestarun1 'rhesaurun1, ipse plurimulll
adauxit, et in 111useo Lambethiano, an1icis visendum
exhibet." Hollar f. 121710.*
JOHN TRADESC.ANT, ,vith his Father, &c. J. T.
/Snzith.
In the Ashmolean l\1useum are the original paIntmgs of the
father and son, who were both physic gardeners at Lambeth. The
portrait of the former wag done in his lifetime, and also after his
decease. I saw a picture, at a gentleman's house in Wiltshire,
which was not unlike tbat of the deceased Tradescant, and the in-
scription, which was strictly applicable to it.
1\Iortuus haud aHo quam quo pater ore quiésti,
Quam faciH frueris nunc quoque nocte doccs.
Both these heads are prefixed to the" I\Juseum Tradescantianum,"
1656, 12mo. which is digested under the following heads: 1. Birds
with their eggs, &c. 2. Four.footed beasts. 3. Fish. 4. Shells.
5. Insects. 6. l\Iinerals. 7. Fruits, drugs, &c. 8. Artificial cu-
riosities. 9. IVliscellaneous Curiosities. 10. \Varlike instruments.
11. Habits. 12. Utensils, and household stuff. 13. Coins. 14. Me-
dals. To this is subjoined a catalogue of his plants, and a list of
his benefactors. .
John Tradescant, who was either a Fleming or a Dutchman,
and gardener to Charles I. travelled over a great part of Europe,
and into the eastern countries; chiefly with a view of improving
· This head may be placed in the Interregnum.
OF ENGLAND.
]97
bimself in natural science. He was the first man, in this kingdom,
that distinguished himself as a
olIector of natural and artificial
curiosities, and was followed by his son in the same pursuit. He,
as Parkinson informs us. introduced a considerable number of
exotic plants into England, and made it appear that, with due care
and. cultivation, almost any vegetable of the known world may be
taught to thrive in this climate.*
John Tradescant the son and his wife joined in a deed of gift,
by which their friend Mr. Ashlnole was entitled to this collection,
after the decease of the forrner.t It was accordingly c1aimed by
him; but the widow Tradescant refusing to deliver it, was com-
pelled by a decree of the court of Chancery. She was soon after
found drowned in a pond, in her own garden.!
The late Mr. James 'Vest told Mr. Bull, that one of tIle family
of Roelans, of which there are four or five prints by Hollar, lived a
long while at Lambeth, in the house that afterward belonged to
John Tradescant, to whom he sold it. Under the head of JAMES
ROELANS, arc ornaments of fruils andjlowers denoting his love of
gardelling. Granting Mr. 'Vest's assertion to be a fact, I should
conclude that this is the person. His head was done at Antwerp,
in 1648.
WILLIL-\M STOKES. G. Glovet"f. a sJnall oval,
'Under which are eigllt Latin 'Vcrses. Copied by TV:
Richardson.
This man was a rope-dancer, and author of "The Vaulting
Master, or the Art of Vaulting reduced to a Method, comprised
under certain Rules," &c. to which is prefixed his portrait, with
many curious prints, representing his different feats on horseback,
which appear very extraordinary.
THOMAS CECILL; fl'Oln a drawing in tlte posses-
sion of JYIr. Jlobcrt Grave, fOrJllCrlg Afr. WilliaJJz
Oldys..
R. Grave,jull. sc. Svo.
· See this, and more, in Dr. Ducarel's curious lctter to Dr. \Yatson, in vol. lxiii.
()f II Philos. Transact." where, in ti\b. iv. and v. p. 88, arc views of his tomb.
t See Ashmole's U Diary," p. 36.
: See Sir John Hawkins's edition of Walton's U Complete Angler."
This very interesting and curious drawing, contains twelve Ilcat'y cxecuted
198
BIOGRAPHIC.A.L lIIST OR Y
Mr. Evelyn, speaking of the English engravers, says of CecilI,
that he engraved heads, from the life, and was little inferior, for
the excellence of his "burin," or graver, and happy design, to
any of the greatest Italian, French, or Flemish artists. In the pre-
sent instance, AIr. Evelyn, after having spoken of the most cele-
Lrated engravers of the age in which he lived, and of Nanteuil, in
particular, must be said to have decided too hastily at least; when
he added, that in " excellency of the burin" Cecill was little inferior
to him, or any of those masters he had mentioned before. The art
of engraving was certainly at this period very Jow in England;
whilst, on the continent, it flourished in its meridian splendour.
Cecill's plates in general are very neatly executed, tbe best of
which are his portraits, some of which possess great Inerit, parti-
cularly
Thomas Curle, bishop of \Vinc11ester; a small upright plate.
Thomas Kederminster, of Langley; small 8vo. dated 1628.
John 'Veaver; prefixed to his FunerallVlonuments, 1634.
Sir John Burgh, who was ,killed at the Isle of H.hee; small
quarto, the scarcest of his performances.
SIl\10N DE PASSE; frO}}l a drawing ill the pos-
scssion of AIr. llobert Grave, fornzerly ....lIr. Willianl
Old!Js". R. Grave,jull. se. Octavo.
Simon de Passe was the third son of Crisl-'in ùe Passe a cele-
brated engraver, a native of Utrecht, and learned the art of engrav-
ing from his father, and imitated his style with great success. He
was employed by Nicholas Hilliard to engrave counters of the royal
family. His portraits constitute the best and largest part of his
engravings; but we have also some devotional subjects, frontis-
piece;;
and other book plates by him, which are very neatly ex-
ecuted. According to Vertue, he resided in England about ten
miniature portraits of early engravers, with the following inicription in the centre:
u In memory of the most consiJerable Gravers, and Gravers of English heads, from
the most early practice of that art in this nation to the Rt>volut;on, this
abJe of
their lively Portraitures, frolll private Paintings, Public Prints, and traditional De-
scriptions, is humbly contributed to the celebrated Collection of 1\lr. \VjJliam
Old,ys, by Lcw s,delincator, 1721:."
OF ENGLAND.
199
years, and afterward went into the service of the King" of Denmark,
and probably died abroad. His earliest works executed in Eng-
land are dated 1603; the following ar
recko:led among his most
estimable prints, chiefly from his own drawings.
James the First seated in a chair; whole length, a half-sheet
print.
Anne, queen to James t11e First, on horseback, with a view of
'Vindsor in the back ground; a small half-sheet print.
Prince Henry, with a lance; a whole length, a small half-sheet
print.
Robert Carr, earl of Somerset; in an oval, a small folio print.
Frances, countess of Somerset; the same.
George Villiers, duke of Buckingham; the same.
Count Gondamor; the same.
Sir "\tValter Raleigh; the same.
Sir Thomas Smith; the same.
Also a variety of othel. portraits relative to England, and several
fine foreign portraits, particularly that of Fred. Henry, prince of
Orange, with emblems; a whole sheet print, entitled, Liberum
Belgium.
MAGDALEX DE PASSE; quarto,. very Tare.
l\IAGDALEN DE PASSE; a copy fro77l the ahove;
8vo.
This ingenious lady was the daughter of Crispin de Passe, from
whom she learned the art of engraving, and practised it with great
success, though her works are not equal to those of her brothers.
She worked with the graver only, in a neat but laboured style. In
two or three small subjects, which she has engraved from Elsheimer,
she has attempted the style of Count Gondt; but she has not pro-
duced the same neatness of colour, and forcible effect; they how-
ever possess great merit. The principal works, from her hand, arc,
Catherine, marchioness of Buckingham, with a feather-f.:'ln in her
hand; a small quarto print.
The four Seasons; small upright plates, from designs by her
father.
Cephalus and Procris, Salmacis anù IIermaphroditus, dated 1623,
and Latona changing the Lycian peasants into frogs; with some
200 BI 0 G llAP HICAL IIIST OR Y
other subjects, from Ovid's Metamcnophoses; small plates, lengt11-
ways, from Elsheimer, Pinas, and other masters.
A set of Landscapes; middle-sized plates, lengthways, from Row-
land Savery, and A. Willeres, among which is a Storm with a
Shipwreck.
JOHN PAYNE; fr017t a dra1.Dlng o in tlie possessioll
of 1J1'r. Robert Grave, fOr'JJ2erly AIr. Willia'JJ2 Oldys'.
R. Grave sc. 8vo.
Payne was a scholar of Simon Pass, and the first Englishman
that distinguished himself by the graver. Had his application been
equal to his genius, there is no doubt but he would have shined
among the first of his profession; but he was idle, and though re-
commended to King Charles, neglected his fortune and fame, and
died in indigence before he was forty. There is a thin volume in
octavo, called" Good-Friday," containing meditations on that day,
and printed in 1648; to which are annexed some poems, under the
title of Calanthe, by T. Rawlins. Among them is an epitaph on
John Payne, then lately deceased; cc Yet had we a Payne for his
s11ip," some heads from the life, especially that of Dr. Alabaster,
Sir Benjamin Rudyard, and several others. The ship was a print of
the Royal Sovereign, built in 1637, by Phineas Pett. It was
n-
graved on two plates joined, three feet long, two feet two inches
high. The head of Dr. Alabaster truly deserves encomium, heing
executed with great force, and in a more masterly style than the
works of his master. It was taken from a painting by Cornelius
Jansen.
FrOlTI this artist's hands, we have the following portraits:
Alderman Leate; an oval, with verses.
Roger Bolton; an oval, with four Latin verses, 1632.
Hugh Broughton; six Latin verses.
Sir Edward Coke. chief-justice, 1629.
lVlr. Hobson, with eight English verses.
Christian, duke of Brunswick, &c. trophies; four Eng-lish verses.
Robert Devereux (2d) earl of Essex, hat and feather, J. P. neat
little square print.
Henry Vere, earl of Oxford, in the middle of a larger print by
'V. Pass, in which, at top, bottom, and sides, are soldiers exercising,
or holding banners, with mottos.
O_F ENG.LAND.
201
Carolus Ludovicus, princeps elector: a mere head, without even
the neek.
Algernon, earl of Northunlberland ; in the same manner.
Elizabeth, countess of Northumberland.
Dr. Smith, of St. Clement's Danes, 1\1. D.
I-Ienry VII. Henry VIII. Count l\Iansfield, Bishop Ha1J, Bishop
Lake, Bishop Andrews, Sir James Ley, chief-jnstice, George
\Vithers, the poet, Richard Sibbs, Ferdinand of Austria, Shak-
speare, John Preston, 1\lr. Arthur Hildersharn, \Villiam \Vhitaker,
Francis Hawkins, a boy; and these particular title-pages, to the
Guide to Godliness; to the \V orks of John Boys; to Christian \Var-
fare; to God's Revenge against l\1urder, and to La l\Iuse Chresti-
enne, du Sieur de Rocql1igny, 1634.
G. GLOVER; frÚJJl a drawing' ill the possession qf
J1Jr. lloúert Grave, f01'"JllC1'ly lIJr. fVilliaìJl Oldys". ll.
G J'llVC,jllJl. sc. 8vo.
Glover was a native of England, whose labours as an engraver
were chiefly confined to the booksellers. 'Ve have a sufficient
Humber of portraits, drawn
nd engraved by him, which, though
possessed of no superior excellence in themselves, have been
thought valuable, as conveying the resemblance of many illustrious
personages, who flouríshed in his time. And, indeed, his portraits
are the best part of his works. If he be not one of the best, he is
certainly far from being one of the worst, of our early English
artists. He worked entirely with the graver, in a bold, open style,
without much taste. His shadows are not properly harmonized
with the lights, wbich give his engravings a dark, heavy appear-
ance. When be departed from the rortrait line, and attempted
fancy figures, he failed prodigiously. Of this sort are some of his
frontispieces, and the cardinal virtues, balf figures, a set of small
upright plates apparently from. his own designs; his chief portraits
are,
John Lilburnc; a small upright p!atc.
Lewis Roberts; a quarto print, dated i 637.
Sir Thomas Urquhart; a small whole length (luarto.
Sir Edward Dering; from C. Jansen, quarto, 16J.O.
John Fox the martyrologist; small folio.
'.OL. Ill.
:2 D
202 ß lOG It A P II I C .\ L II 1ST 0 R Y
WILLIA1\I lVIARSI-IAI.AL;" froJJl a drlllviJlg ill the
posses/Ûon of Mr. Robert G1YlVC, forJJlcrly i1Ir. WilliaJJt
Oldys'. R. G rave,jull. sc. 8ro.
'Villiam Marshall was one of those laborious artists, whose
engravings were chiefly confined to the ornamenting of books;
and indeed his patience and assiduity is all we can admire, when
we turn over his prints, which are prodigiously numerous. lIe
worked with the graver only, but in a dry tasteless style; and
from the similarity, which appears in the design of all his por-
traits, it is supposed that he worked from his own drawings after
life, though he did not add the words, ad 'l:i1.:um, as was com-
mon upon such occasions. But, if we srant this to be the case,
the artist win acquire very little additional honour upon that
account; for there is fuH as great a want of taste" manifest in
the design, as in the execution of his works on copper. As far
as one can judg'e from the portraits, which \ve have by him, he
appears to have begun to engrave early in the reign of James I.
and he was employed by the booksellers, for forty years from the
year 1634. Portraits constitute the best part of his performances;
but we have besides a large number of frontispieces, ornamental
title-pages, and other decorations for books, by his hand; his
principal prints are,
Alexander) earl of Sterling; an oval, sn1all folio.
Dr. Donne, when young; an octavo.
The Rev. Dr. John Taylor; an oval, quarto.
The Rev John Sym; the satne.
Rev. Josiah Shute; an oval, in folio.
Sir Thomas Fairfax, on horseback; a small half sheet.
The Frontispiece to the Arcadian Princess; in octavo
dated
1635.
The Frontispiece to the Evangelical Harmony, printed at Canl-
bridg'c, in quarto.
The Frontispiece to Virgil's vVorks, by Ogilby, dated 1649.
l\11{. DANIEL KNIVERTf)N; a 8'ìJUlll head, in
the .froJltisjJÎece to Winstanley -8 "Lo!Jal .JIart!Jrolog!/ /'
1665; 8l"o
'
OF ENG LAND.
203
IR. DANIEL KNIYEltTOK; cnlarp;edfroJìl the print
II hove; 8vo.
1\lr. Kniverton, who had, previous to the civil war, been a haber-
dasher in Fleet. street, afterward attended the court held at Ox-
ford, and was retained in the service of the king in quality of a
nlessenger. The king having put forth several proclamations, for
the adjournment of the ternl from London to Oxford, which had
been hitherto fruitless, for want of the necessary legal form of
having the writs read in court; so that the judges at Oxford, who
were ready to perform their duty, could not regularly keep the
courts there; which else they would have done, sent several mes-
sengers, of whom l\1r. Kniverton was one, with these writs of adjourn-
ment to be delivered in court into the hands of the judges, of which
the
'e were three in number, Justice Bacon in the I{ing's Bench,
Justice Reeve in the Common Pleas, and Baron Trevor in the Ex-
chequer.- Two of them performed their charges, and delivered tlu
writs to Justice Reeve and Ba;:on Trevor; who immediately caused
the messengers to be apprehended.
The houses being informed of it, gave direction "that they
should be tried by a council of war, as spies; which was done
at Essex-house." The messengers aUeged, "that they were
sworn servants to his 111ajesty for the transaction of those ser-
vices, for which they were now accused; and that they had been
legally punishable, if they had refused to do their duties; tlH
term being to be adjourned by no other way. Notwithstanding
all which, they were both condemned to be hanged as spies; and
that such a sentence might not be thought to be only in terrorem,
the two poor nlen were, within a few days after, carried to the
Old Exchange, where a gallows was purposely set up; and there
Kniverton was, without mercy, executed Nov. 27, 1643, dying with
another kind of courage than could be expected from a Ulan of
such conùition and education.- The other, after he had stood some
time under the gallows, looking for the same conclusion, was
reprieved, and sent to Bridewell; where he was kept long after,
ti11 he made his escape, and returnéd again to Oxford.
204 BIOGIt.APHICAL RISTon \
.AC1"ORS.
EDWARD ALLEl'
; {whole [eug'tlt, ill the gOll'Jt
of lJ;Ia/j'ter 0/ Dulzvich ('allege. 1'. Nug'cnt sc. III
Harding"s "Biog;r. lJJirrollr"," 1792.
ED"r ARD ALLEYN; oval. J. Wooding' sc.. III the
c, Biographical J1Itlg'azine. "
Edward Alleyn was born in 156G, in tbe parish of .Allhallows,
Lombard-street. His mother was daughter of James Townley,
esq. of Lancasbire. He went on the stage at an early age, and
soon acquired great celebrity in his profession, and was considered
the Roscius of the day. He was the sole proprietor of the Fortune
playhouse, in 'Vhitecross-street, which he built at his own ex-
pense, and was also proprietor of a bear garden on tbe bank-
side, which being the fashionable amusement of the time, pro-
bably yielded him as much profit as his theatre. He had the
office of master of the bears, which he held till his death. After
he left the stage he retired to Dlilwich, where he built and en-
dowed the college for the maintenance of a master-warden, four
fellows, six poor brethren, and six sisters, twelve scholars, six as-
sistants, and thirty out-nlembers. The building was nnished in
1619, under the direction of Inigo Jones. Ob, 1626, aged 60.
For a particular "account see Lj'son's " Surrey."
TOIVI BOND; fro1J! an ol' t iginal picture in DuhDich
Colleg'e. ()laJJzp sc. 4to. In JValdrou"s "5'llakspearron
If,liscellany. "
Of Bond nothing more is known, but that he acted in Shakerley
l\tJarmion's comedy of Ilol/alld's Leaguer, 1632.
To Chapman's Bussy D' A.l\IBOI8, a tragedy, 1641, (first printed
in 1607), is prefixed a prologue; in some respects similar to that
relating to Perkins, on his attempting the part ofBarahas, in which
are the following lin.cs:-
OF ENG LAND.
20.j
U _____ Field is gone
\'Vhose action first did give it name, and one
\Vho came the neerest to him, is denide
By his gray beard to shew the hcight and pride
Of J)'.Ambois Jouth and braverie; - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - a third man with his best
Of care and paint's defends our interest;
As Richard he was lik'lI, nor doe wee f
are,
In pers
nating D'Ambois, bee'le appcare
To faint, or goe lesse, so your free consent
As heretofore give him encouragement."
It was suggested by the late J. P. Kemble, in whose matchless
collection of old plays was the above-mentioned edition of Bu.r;sy
Ð' Ambois; and who was no less acute in the study on the stage:
that the above lines allude to, and by the third man is meant, the
now-so-little-known Tom Bond. Mr. Kemble was almost certain
that he had met with such information in some old tract, or poem;
but, not having taken a memorandum, he could not refer to it.
Should this be the fact, we may conclude that Bond was an actor
of some celebrity; nor, were it otherwise, is it likely that his por-
trait should have been thought worthy of presen-ation: had he
lived at a later period, we should, no doubt, have had some informa-
tion concerning him from Ðoumes; but for whose Rosl'Íus Angli.
canus we should 11ave known little or nothing of some celebrated
actors; many snch, in the infancy of the English theatre, having
trl/tted and fretted their hOllr upon the stage, are heard of no more,
not ha\' ing left a reck behind.
RICHARD PER.I(INS ; front an original picture
ill Dillwich Colleg'e. Clrnnp se. 4to. III JValdron's
" Ac}hakspearean AIiseellany."
Richard Perkins was one of the performers belonging to the
Cock-pit theatre, in Drury-lane. His name is printed among those
who acted in Hannibal and Scipio, by Nabbes; The TVeddillg, by
Shirley; and The Fair J.1Iaid of the rVest, by Heywood. After the.
l)layhouses were shut up, on account of the civil wars, Perkins and
Sumner, who betonged to the same house, lived together at ClerJ.
.-
enwell, where they died and were buried. They both died some
years before the restoration.
In " The Prologue to the Stage at the Cock-pit,"
pokf'n before
20G BIOGR
\PJIICAJ.. JIISTOR-Y
the representation of l\'1arlow's Jew of lUaltá, in whi('h the famous
Edward Alleyn had originally performed the character of Barabas,
now attempted by Perkins, this apology for him appears:
" ------- nor is't hate
To merit in him who dvth personate
Our Jew this day, nOI' is it his ambition
To exceed, or equal, being of condition
1\Iore modest; this is aU that he intends,
(And that too at the urgence of some friends)
To prove Jlis best, and, if none here gainsay it,
The part he hath studied, and intends to play it."
,V right, in his Historia Histrionica, says, "Those of principal note
at the Cock-pit, were Perkins, l\lichael Bowyer, Sumner, 'Villiaul
Allen, and Bird, eminent actors, and Robins, a comedian." By
this distinction Wright seems to have appropriated the title of
actor to a performer of tragic characters.
At the concJusion of 'Vebster's TVhite Decil, 1631, is the follow-
ing eulogium on Perkins.
"For the action of the play, 'twas generally wen, and I dare
affirme, with the joint testimony of some of their owne quality (for
the true imitation of life, without striving to make nature a mon-
ster), the best that ever became then}; whereof, as I make a generall
acknowledgement, so in particular, I must remember the well ap-
proved industrie of my friend ./..71Iaster Perkins, and confesse tllf'
worth of hjs action did crowne both the beginning and eud." There
is great intelligence in his countenance, which is very expressive:
and, if the face be an index of the mind, we may reasonably sup-
pose that he felt and pourtrayed the passions like another Alle..1jll.
Perkins wrote a copy of verses prefixed to Heywood's" Apology
for Actors."
OF ENGL.A N D.
201
C LAS S XI.
LADIES, AND OTHERS OF THE FEMALE SEX,
ACCORDING TO THEIR RANK, &c.
ELIZABETHA (MARIA) VILLIERS, dncÌssa
de Richn10nd et Lenox. Vandyck p. llollar f. h. s/1.
There is anothel
sllzall pl' t int of her vg Hollar, dated
1645.
MARY, dutchess of Richmond and Lenox. Vandycli
p. Bockllzun f. ill the character of
'Yt. Agnes, 'with it
lanzb: h. sh. rJ2ez,z'.
1\1adame la Duchesse de llICH)IO
T. Vandycli p.
}Tander Brllggenf. h. S/1. J1Zcz';-;;.
l\IARY, dutchess of Richn1ond. JTandycli p. T11:
Vaillantf. h. sh. llZCzz.
MARY, dutchess of Richn1ond; 1ncz''::,'. J. Go/e.
Her portrait is in the famous family-piece, by Vandyck, at
'Viltan. There is another of her at Burghley, a good copy, by
Ashfìeld.
Mary, daughter of George Villiers, the first duke of Bucking-
ham of that name. She was thrice married: I. to Charles, lord
Herbert, son of Philip, earl of Pembroke and Montgomery; 2.
to James, duke of Richmond and Lenox; 3. to Thomas How-
ard, brother to Charles, earl of Carlisle. She left no issue Ly
either of her husbands.
ANNA Ð'ACRES, comitissa Arl1ndeliæ, JJ:Ì;. 60,
1627; it j){ltch on Iter tell/pic,. 4lo. lIotlar j: rarc. .
208 B lOG R A IJ II I C .A L II 1ST 0 R Y
AN
A D'AcHES, countess of Arundel; prqfilc;
121710. l
IIollar.
AN N D'AcREs, countess of Arundel; oval. Thanc.
ANN E, countess of Arundel. Gcrinzia se. ]11,
" Noble Authors," by Mr. Park, 1806.
Anne Dacre, countess of Arundel, was the eldest of the three
daughters and coheiresses of Thomas, lord Dacre, of Gillesland, who,
together with their brother, who died by an accident,* were warùs
to Thomas, duke of Norfolk. That nobleman married to his
third wife, their lllother, Elizabeth Leiburne, lady Dacre, and be-
stowed her three daughters, who were become great heiresses, on
his own three sons. This laòy was the wife of Philip, earl of
Arundel, who died in the Tower, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth;
h
ving been condemned to death like his father, grandfather, and
great-grandfather. By him she was Inother of Thomas, earl of
..Arundel, the famous collector, for whom V orsterman drew her
portrait in her old age, and Hollar engraved it.t
AI
A THEA TALBOT, &c. COll1itissa ArundeIliæ
et Surriæ, &c. et prima cOlnitissa .A_ngliæ. l T alldyck p.
Hollar f. 1646; h.
'h. a COP!!; 8vo.
ALATHEA TALBOT, with Eliz. countess of Arull-
del; 2 ovals Oll one }Jlatc. JrV. IIollar; scarce.
ALA THEA TALBOT, &c. J
Richardson.
ALATJIEA 'rA LBOT, &c. in the sanle plate ,rith the
Earl of ArundeL Ree Class I I.
· \\'hile a boy lIe was practising to vault on a hoLh'y-horsc; he sprung too far,
pitchrd on the ground, and fradured his skl1I1.-LoRD HA I J.ES.
t fhe avon> account is tRI
t'n f:(l111 a manuscript il\::-cription under the head, in
the colicctioll of the HOllouraulc IIuldcc \\ .1Ipule.
OF ENGLAND.
209
Alathea, daughter and coheir of Gilbert Talbot, earl of Shrews-
bury, and wife of Thomas Howard, earl of Arunde1. The earl
was extremely happy in the virtue and amiable qualities of this
lady, whose taste was, in some deg-ree, similar to his own. She
even entered into his favourite amusements, but was never known
to carry them to excess. *
ELIZABETH, late countess of Kent; a s17zall oval;
hefore her " Receipts."
ELIZAB]:TH, countess of Kent; sJ7zall oval. Fa i-
thorne sc. fine and rare.
ELIZABETH, countess of I(ent; ill an oval of foli-
ag'e,. to "Search in Physic,"
'c. 1659. (Chantry.)
scarce.
ELIZABETH, countess of Kent; in a slnall oval;
her hair combed strai
'ht on the forehead, broad tucke1"
round her neck. Fer"d. Ferd. pin.1}. W. Hollar. An-
other in the 17zanner of Ga!J'lDood.
Elizabeth, seconù daughter and coheir of Gilbert Talbot, earl
of Shrewsbury, and wife of Henry de Grey, earl of Kent. She was
sister to Alathea, countess of Arundel, above mentioned. There
goes under her name, a book entitled" A choice Manuall of rare
and select Secrets in Physic and Chirurgery, by the Right Honour-
able the Countess of Kent, late deceased ;': the 12th edit. 1659,
12rno. But her being an author was the least valuable part of her
character; she was a lady of uncommon virtue and piety. She
died at her house in White Friars, the 7 th of Dec. 1651. This
laùy was a different person from Elizabeth, countess of Kent,
who cohabited with Mr. Selden, and left him a considerable
fortune.
· I scarce ever heard of a lady infected wit11 the pedantry of the II Yirtu," or in-
deed of any tIling else. 'V ycherly, in his" Plain Dealer," has drawn the character
of the widow Blackacre t as a great law pedant; but this is supposed to be the cha-
racter of his own father.
VOL. III.
2E
210 B lOG R A 1") 1-1 I C A L II 1ST 0 R Y
ELIZABETH, nuper comitissa Huntingdon; two
angels holding' a coronet over her head. JJIarshall sc.
4to. There is a neat p':int of her, by J. Payne, before a
Scrnlon preached at her funeral, úy J. F. at Ashby de la
ZOllch, in the COllJ
ty of Leicester, Feb. 9, 1633.
ELIZABETHA, nuper comitissa Huntingdon; t'iOO
ong'cls holding; a coronet over her head. W Richard-
son.
Elizab
th, youngest of the three daughters and coheirs of Fer..
dinando Stanley, earl of Derby. Sbe died the 20th of Janu
ry,
1633. The Lord Viscount :Falkland wrote an epitaph on this excel-
lent lady. The following lines are a part of it:
The chief perfections of both sexes join'd,
'Vith neither's vice, nor vanity combin'd, &c.
ELIZABETH, countess ofSouthalllpton. Vandyck
p. R. T0171pson C,l'C. In the collection of the Earl of
Kent;* 'lvhole leng,th,. h. slz. me.zz.
This lady, stylcd the fair lVlrs. Vernon, and celebrated for her
beauty in the curious letters of Rowland 'Vhyte, in the" Sidney
Papers," was the daughter of John Vernon, of Hodnet, in Shrop-
shire, esq. She espoused Henry, earl of Southampton, distill"
guished by his sufferings in adhering to the person and fortunes
of the famous Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, the favourite of
Queen Elizabeth; having engaged with him in the unhappy insur-
rection in London, February the 8th, 1601, related at large by
Camden, and other historians, and which, but for the clemency
of that princess, had cost him his life. I-Ier second son Thomas
succeeded to the title of Earl of Southampton, and became lord
hig'h-treasurer of England; her eldest son James deceasing in
the lifetime of his father. Her three daughters, Penelope, Anne,
and Elizabeth, married; the first, William, lord Spencer, of ,V orrn-
leighton; the second, Robert Wallop, of Farley, in the county of
*' Therc is an excellent portrait úf her by Cornelius Jansen at Sherburn Castle.
OF ENGL.AND.
211
Southampton, esq. son of Sir Henry 'Vallop; and the last, Sir
Thomas Estcourt knt. one of the masters of the high court of
Chancery.*
RACHAEL, countess of Southampton. Vandyclc p.
lflc. Ardell f. 1758; whole length,. she ?7le.Z'.Z'. fro)]?'
the orig'lJzal in the collection of the Lord Royston and
the lJIal'éhioness Gt'ey. It is now Lord Hard'loick's. She
is drawn with a globe, sitting in the clouds, and is said
to have been 'lJzad. Petitol'sjine enaJJzel, in the Duke of
Devonshire's collection, was copied from this picture of
Vandyck. It is allowed to be tlze 'l710st capital work of
its kind in the lvorld.
We are informed by Sir William Dugdale, that this lady was of
French extraction, and first espoused Daniel de l\Iasseu, baron
of Ruvigny; after whose decease, she became the consortt of
Thomas, earl of Southampton, lord high-treasurer of England, in
the reign of Charles the Second. She bore to her lord two sons,
Charles and Henry, who died young; and three daughters, Eli-
zabeth, Inarried to Edward Noel, son of Baptist, viscount Camp-
den; Rachel, first married to Francis, lord Vaughan, son and heil o
to Richard, earl of Carbery, in Ireland, and afterward to William,
second son to William, lord Russell; from whom the present Duke
of Bedford is lineally descended; and Magdalen, who deceased in
her infancy.!
ANN A, con1itissa de Bedford. Valldycl,; 1 J . P.
L01Jzbart se. h. she
· This article was communicated by Dr. Campbell, whose excellent biographical
writings are well known.
t The daughter of this Elizabeth was married to the first Duke of Portland; and
from the same Elizabeth, and her sister Rachel, ,the Dukes of Portland and Bedford
enjoy the great inlleritance of the Earls of Southampton.-LoR I) ORFORD. . .
* The above account of this lady was also communicated by Dr. Campbell. See
what is said of her in Dugdale's II Baronage." See also the J ntroduction to Lady
Rachel Russel's" Letters," p. 61.
In the "Strafford Letters," vol. i. p. 337, mention is madl' of this lady's intro-
duction at court. with some curious particulars relating to her persoll and character.
212 BIOGRAPHIC.ð.J... IIISTOR Y
ANNE CARRE, countess of Bedford. H. Meycl'" sc.
1816. Fronz the orig'inal of Vandyke, in the collection of
the Eal'"l of Egre1Jlont; in Lodge's "Illustrious Por-
. "
traits.
Anne, countess of Bedford, was sole daughter and heir of Robert
Carr, earl of Somerset, by Frances, eldest daughter of Thomas
Howard, earl of Suffolk, who married to her first husband Robert
Devereux
earl of Essex, from WhOlll she was divorced. This Lady
Anne was wife of 'Villiam Russell, earl of Bedford, who was
created duke 1694;* but she did not live to partake of that
honour. She died the 10th of lVIay, 1684, in the 64th year of
her age. I have been informed, that this Countess of Bedford
was so ignorant of her mother's infamy as to have called it a
calumny, when she accidentally met with an account of it in a
book which fell into her hands, after she was a woman grown.
MARGARET (ELIZABETH), countess of Essex;
black feather at her ear. Hollar f. 121llo.
MARGARET (ELIZABETH), countess of Essex;
oval. t
Richardson.
Elizabeth, countess of Essex, was second daughter to Sir
'Villiam Paulet, of Eddington, in Wiltshire, by his lady, Elizabeth,
III Ie 1\Iarl'Y w110m you will," said the old lord to his son, Ie except a daughter of
Somerset." The son saw a lady at court, fell in love with her; he learned that she
was Lady Anne Carr, the daughter of Somerset! he resolved never to make his
addresses to any other woman, and his îather consented to the hated union. The
old lord was seized with the small-pox, a disease fatal to the Russel family. His
own children fled; his daughter remained with him, caught the distemper, and re-
covered, but at the expense of her beauty.-LoRD HAILES.
In the "Strafford Letters," &c. published by Knowles, at p. 359, vol. i. is a si-
milar account of Lord Bedford's great abhorrence of this match, and at pages 2. 58.
and 86, of vol. ii. is a continuation of this courtship, with many curious particu-
lars relating thereto, it being long in hand for the cause above a'Ssigned, and partly
as it seems from Lord Somerset's want of money to make up a suitable portion for
his daughter. At length in 1637, owing in some measure to the king's interposition
in favour of the match, and the eJ.tremc fondness of the young lord and lady for
each other, they were marricd.-BINDLEY.
OF ENGLAN D.
213
daughter to Sir John Seymour, and the Lady Susan Paulet, whose
father was the Lord Chedwick Paulet, brother to the l\'Iarquis of 'V in-
chester. Her great-grandfather was Sir Henry Seymour, brother
to the Duke of Somerset, lord-protector.-The Earl of Essex saw
this lady at the Earl of Hertford's, where he spent his Christmas,
in 1630; and was so charn1ed with her beauty, and the sweetness
of her manners, that he became deeply enamoured with her; and
was mar:ied to her in the beginning of the following spring. She
had cohabiied with hilll about four years,* when she was accused,
and as it appears to me, very wrongfully, of an adulterous com-
merce with 1\11'. Udall,t who paid his addresses to her sister, whom
he visited at Essex-house. This accusation unfortunately occa-
sioned a separation from her husband: but he acknowledged a son
whonl she had by him, though he declared, that he was determined
not to own him, if she was not brought to bed by the 5th of N 0-
vember. It was thought very capricious in the earl, that he should
rest his own and his lady's honour, and that of his posterity, upon
the narrpw point of a single day; as it required no uncommon reach
of understanding to be informed, that a woman's labour might be
retarded by a multiplicity of accidents. The child, however, hap-
pened to be born on that day; but dying in his infancy,! the house
of Essex became extinct. Arthur 'Vilson, who was certainly pre-
judiced against this lady, seems by no meaus to have done justice
to her character.
She married to her second husband, Mr. after-
ward Sir Thomas IIiggons, a gentleman of great merit; by whOln
she had several daughters. This gentleman gives us to understand,
that the injuries which she suffered in her reputation were the eflècts
of the spleen and malice of her lord's servant
, whom she had highly
offended, by introducing order and economy into his family; and
Inoreover of the ill-will of Sir 'V alter Devereux, the earl's near
relation, who had conceived a mortal antipathy against her. II
· Higgons's" Fun. Orat." t Or U veda Ie.
t Higgous, ubi supra.
f See 'Vilson's account of his own life, in Peck's U Desiderata Curiosa," \'01. II.
II The Dutchess-dowager of Portland, who did me the JlOnour to read this work,
before it was sent to the press, was pleased, upon the perusal, to procure me a
manuscript copy of "A Funeral Oration, spoken over the grave of Elizabeth,
countess of Essex, by her husband,' 1\lr. Thomas Higgons, at her interment in the
1f This is part of the epitaph inscribed on the plain flat stone under which she
lic5 iuterred: "Orationc funcbri, a marito ip50, amoJ"c i->ri:)co laudata fuit."
214 13 I 0 GRAPHICAL IIISTOR Y
Tllcre is a print hy Hollar, which is ?nentioned hy
Vertlle, in his Catalogue of the JVorks of that artist and
called" DOROTHY, countess of Suffolk." She lzas a
wlz iie feather at her ear.
I never heard of any countess of Suffolk of the name of Doro-
thy. Susannah, countess of Suffolk, daughter of the Earl of Hol-
land, who possessed, with ahnost every female accomplishment, a
strength of mind and memory rarely found in men, is probably the
lady here meant. She died on the 19th of l\Iay, 1649, and was
buried the 29th of the
ame month, at Walden, in Essex. Her fu-
neral sermon, in which great justice is done to her unaffected piety,
as well as her other excellences, was preached by Dr. Ed ward
Rainbow,
FRANCESCA BRIDGES, Exoniæ comitissa do-
tissa. VOlldyc/c p. Guil. Faithorne C.2'c. h. she This
is one of Faithorne's best portraits, and very scarce.
The original, which represents her aged, and. in mourning, is in
the gallery at Strawberry-hill. See some curious critical remarks
on this fine picture in Richardson's" Essay on the whole Art of
Criticism in Painting," p. 59, &c. or at page 184, &c. of his
Works.
cathedral church of \Vinchester, Sept. 16, 1656, imprinted at London, 1656." As
this pamphlet is extremely rare, I conclude that the copies of it were, for certain
reasons, industriously collected and destroyed; though few pieces of this kind have
less deserved to perish.- The Countess of Essex had a greatness of mind which
enabled her to bear the whole weight of infamy which was thrown upon her; but
it was nevertheless attended with a delic#icy and sensibility of honour which poi-
soned all her enjJym('llts. l\Ir. Higgolls has said much, and I tbink, much to the
}JUrposc, in her vimlication: and was himself fully convinced from the tenor of her
life, and the words which she spoke at the awful close of it, that she was perfectly
innocent.-In reading this interesting oration, I fancied myself standing by the
grave of injured innocence and beauty; was sensibly touched with the pious affec-
tion of the tenderest and best of husbands, doing public and solemn justice to an
amiable and worthy woman, who had been grossly and publicly defamed. Nor
could I withhold the tribute of a tear; a tribute which, I am confident, was paid at
her interment, by everyone who lo\'ed virtue, and was not destitute of the feelings
of humanity. This is what I immediately wrote upon reading the oration. If I am
wrong in my opinion, the bellevvlent reader, I am sure, will forgive me. It is not
the first time that lilY beart has got the better of my judgment.
OF ENGLAND.
215
FRANCES BRIDGES, countess of Exeter. Van Dyclc;
John Ogborne; 1777.
Frances Bridges, daughter to the Lord Chandos, was first mar-
ried to Sir Thomas Smith, of Abingdon, master of the requests, and
Latin secretary to James I.. After his decease, she became the
second wife of Thomas Cecil, the first earl of Exeter of that name,
who died February the 7th, 1622. After the earl's death, she was
falsely and rnaliciously accused of incest with her son-in-law, the
Lord Ross, t who married a daughter of Sir Thomas Lake, whom he
slighted. This scandalous accusation was accompanied with that
of witchcraft, the great crime of this age, and also with that of an
intention to poison her accusers: these were the Ladies Lake and
Ross. Sir Thomas, who said " he could not refuse to be a father
and a husband," was artfully persuaded to join with them, in a pro-
secution against the innocent countess. King James took great
pains to inquire into the truth of this affair, and discovered such
a complication of forgery, subornation, and perjury, as is scarce
to be paralleled in history. The king sat in judgment upon them
himself, and " compared their crimes to the first plot of the first sin
in Paradise; the Lady Lake to the Serpent, her daughter to Eve,
and Sir Thomas. to poor Adam." Lady Ross, who confessed her
guilt in open court, was pardoned. Sir Thomas and his lady were
fined 10,000l. to the king, and 5000l. to the injured countess.
The last Inentioned lady had only one daughter, who died in her
infancy. t
ELIZABETHA, comitissa Devoniæ. Vandyck p.
L017lbart sc. It. she
This belongs to a set which consists of twelve prints.
· Fuller's II \V orthies," in Berks, p. 94.
t Son of Thomas, earl of Exeter, by Dorothy, daughter of Lord Latimer, his first
lady. But, according to Bolton,
U son of \Villiam, earl of Ex('ter, by Elizabeth,
sole daughter and heiress of Edward, earl of Rutland, his first lady. In right of
his mother, Lord Ross." If Bolton be right in this, the Countess of Exeter in
question must be Elizabeth, sister and coheir of Sir Robert Drury, of Halsted, in
Suffolk, knight.
t Lloyd and other historians, who have told tl1Ïs story, have not mentioned the
name of this Countess of Exete.', but it seemed to me to be clear from dates, that
she was the person. Of this I am now duubtful from the passage just cited.
, See his H Extinct Perrage," 17ô9, 8vo. p. 247.
21 G II [ 0 (
H A }) II I C A L II 1ST 0 H ,
ELIZABETH CECIL, countess of Devonshire. I. S.
Ag'ar sc. frO}]l the original of Van D!Jck, in the collec-
tion qf the Rig'ht Hon. the Earl of EgrcnlOJlt; in
Ir.
Lodg'e
s "Portraits of Illustrious Persons."
EJizabeth, second daughter of 'Villiam Cecil, earl of Salisbury
and wife of William Cavendisb, the third earl of Devonshire, by
whon1 she was mother of the first duke. She had also another son
Char!es, who died unmarried, about the year 1670; and one
daughter, Anne, who first espoused Charles, lord Rich, only son
to Charles, earl of Warwick; and afterward John, lord Burghley,
who, on the demise of his father, became earl of Exeter. It is re-
markable that this lady accompanied her husband twice to Rome.
Ob, 1689.
CI-IRISTIAN, countess of Devonshire. J. Hard-
ing; * delin. Schcneker sc.
Christian, daughter of Edward, lord Bruce, a relation and chief
favourite of James 1. by whose recommendåtion she was married
into the noble family of Cavendish. The king was present at the
ceren10ny, and gave her a fortune of 10,0001. The countess was
distinguished as the patroness of the wits of the age, who frequently
assembled at her house; Waller frequently read his verses there,
and William, earl of Pembroke, wrote a volume of poems in her
praise. Having Inet with severe domestic losses by the death of
her beautiful daughter, Lady Rich, and her second son the brave
Charles Cavendish, her thoughts became more devoted to national
affairs, and she began to take an active part in the interesting
politics of those times. Being in principles a zealous royalist, she
entertained many of the king's friends at her house, and concerted
measures with theln for the restoration. Charles II. on his return
to England, shewed the sense he entertained of zeal for his service,
by frequently visiting her at Rochampton, in company of the queen-
nlOther, and the royal family, with whom she enjoyed an unusual
intimacy till her death, January, 16, 1674-5. She was buried in
great state, February 14, at Dcrby.
· The modern artists have got into a very absurd way, when they make drawings
frùm pictures, of putting their own instead of the painters names.
OF ENGLAND.
217
LUCIA, con1itissa de Carlisle. l'àndgck p. L01J1Úart
sc. h. slz. A COIJY by Vertue,. Svo.
Lucy, countess of Carlisle, * &c. ,Vandyck p. P.
a Gunst sc. 'lvhole lcngth, large h. slz.
Lucy, countess of Carlisle. Gay/wood f. Sl1lalt.
The original, which was in the Wharton collection, was after-
ward in that of James West, esq.
Lucy, countess of Carlisle. V. Dyclc,. C. Bailliu.
Lucy PERCY, &c. E.
Ycriven sc. 1816; front tllc
orig'inal of Vandyck, ill the collection of the Rig'ht I-IOll.
the Ea1"1 of Egrenlont,. in .J.1Ir. Lodg'c's "Illustrious
Portraits. "
Lucy, daughter of Henry Percy, earl of NorthUll1berland, and
wife of James Hay, earl of Carlisle. She holds the next place to
Sacharissa in the poems of 'Valler, and appears there to ITInch
greater advantage than she does in the portraits of Vandyck. It
was not so much the beauty of this celebrated lady, as the sprightli-
ness of her wit, and the charms of her behaviour, that rendered her
an object of general admiration. But her greatest admirers could
not help seeing her vanity and affectation; yet an were forced to
acknowledge, that if ever these foibles were amiable, they were so
in the Countess of Carli.sle.t-In 1636, she became a dowager.
Mr. 'Vaner has addressed an elegant copy of verses to her in
mourning.! She died in 1660, and was buried near her father, at
Petworth.
· She is erroneously said, in the inscription of the print, to be daughter of Jocc-
line Percy, earl of Northmnberland.
t Sir Toby :l\IaUhew's fantastic character of her is in Fenton's observations on
,V aller's poem, entitled, "The Country,
o my Lady of Carlisle." .
t St. Evremollt informs us, that from the inmost recesses of Whitehall, she had a
great hand in animating the faction at \Vestminstel'. He could also have informed
l1S, that she was the reputed mistress of the Earl of Stratford and of Pym. Sir
}Jhilip Warwick speaks thus of her, in his U :Memoirs :"
"That busy states-
VOl.. 111.
P.201-.
2 F
218 BIOG RAPIIICAL IIIST OR Y
M.ARGARI'"r A., con1itissa de Carlisle. Vane/yelL p.
Lonzbart sc. Her daug;hter, a child, is
'lalldiJlg' by !zer.
Her portrait is at \Voburn-Abbey.
Margaret Russel* was wife of James Hay, the second earl of
Carlisle, and son of the first; by his first wife Honora, daugnter of
Lord Denny.t The ear), her husband, died in October, 1660, when
the title became extinct. In 1661, Charles Howard, descended frOlu
a younger branch of the house of Norfolk, was created earl of
Carlisle.
ELIZABET, comltIssa Warwick. A. vall Dgc!t,
pin..r. (Pontius.)
ELIZABET, comitissa Warwick, &c. J
Richard-
.son e..1/c. 8vo.
Countess of Warwick. J. Thane e..1}C.
Elizabeth Ingram, daughter of Sir Arthur Ingram, of Temple
Newsam, in Com. Ebor. knt. was the first wife to Robert, fifth earr
of 'Varwick and Holland. She had several children by the earl,.
and died some years before him.
DOROTHEA, comitissa de Sunderland. Vandyck
p. L01Jzbart sC. h. she
DOROTHY, countess of Sunderland, &c. a copy rif
the above, by Vertue, 'lDlzo eng'raved another portrait of
her, in the quarto edition of TValler's "Poen/s." It is
one qf the head-pieces.
DOROTHY SIDNEY, countess of Sunderland. JTT.
woman, the Countess of Carlisle, who had now chat)ged her gaJJant from Strafford
to Pym, and was become such a she saint that she frequented their sermons, and
took notes," &c.
· Daughter to the 'Earl of Bedford.-LoRD ORFORD.
t Dugdale's "Baronage."
OF ENGLAND.
.
219
.
T. Fry; 1816. Fronz the ori
'illal of Vandycl'i, ill tlie
collection of tlze Right Hon. tlie Earl of Eg'Tclnonl ;
in lIIr. Lodge"s " Illustrious Pot'traits."
There is, at HaIl-Barn, a portrait of her by V anòyck, which she
presented herself to Mr. Waller. That at'Vindsor, which goes
under the name of Sacharissa, is of another countess of Sunder-
land, daughter of George, lord Digby, and daughter-in-law to
Doroth y .
Dorothy, daughter of Robert Sidney, earl of Leicester, was
married to Henry, lord Spencer of ,V ormleighton, in his minority.
The marriage was consummated at Penshurst, the 20th of July,
1639.* lIe was created earl of Sunderland the 8th of June, 1643,
and killed the same year, at the first battle of Newbury, in the
twenty-third year of his age. She ehpoused to her second husband,
Robert Smythe,of Bounds, in the parish of Bidborough, in Kent, esq.
whom
he survived. She l1ad issue by him, Robert Smythe, go-
vcrnor of Dover Castle, in the reign of Charles II. Henry, son of
this Robert, was father of Sir Sidney Stafford Smyth, lord chief
baron of the Exchequer.t
This truly amiable lady, who affected retirement, and was never
vain of that beauty, which has rendered her fame immortal, was
celebrated hy ,V aller, under the name of Sacharisga. t 'Vhen
she -was far advanced in years, and had outlived every personal
charm which had inspired the poet in his youth, she asked him in
raillery, " when he would write such fine verses upon her again?"
f.' Oh, madam!" said he, " when your ladyship is as young again."
· See an elegant and spirited letter written on this occasion, by "VaIler, in his
41 Life," before his works.
t Collins's H Peerage," vol. i. p. 381, edit. 1768.
Fenton, in bis observations on 'Valler, speaking of lhis name, says, tbat it
4.1 recalls to mind what is rclated ()f the Turks, who, in their gailantries, think ButuT
Birpara, i. e. Bit of Sügar, the most polite and endearing compliment they can use
to the ladies."
An ingenious correspondent has observed, that 'V aller's repartee would have
becn better, if be had said, " When we are both young again ;" the reflection upon
.the lad!J'$ age only is ....ery unlike the politeness of Waller.1I
n ProbaLly Waller meant to morlify ber, for the disregard of l1Ìm when sTlc 'II'as
y()nng; the time of flattering and being flattered, was gonc by in both of them.-
.BI l' DLJ: \.
220 DIOGltAI)IIIC.AL IIISTOR Y
She survived her lord about forty years, and was buried with hinl in
the same vault, at Brington, in NOl'thamptonshire, the 25th of Fe-
bruary, 1683-4.
CHA1-tLO'rTE DE LA TREMOUILLE, countess
of Derby. Þ-lug'ent sc.
CHARLOTTE, countess of Derby; Jol. Gardiner sc.
4to.
This lady, a woman of very high and princely extraction, being
daughter of Claude, duke of TremouiHe in France, by Charlotte,
daughter of \ViBialn, first prince of Orange, and Charlotte of Bour-
LOl1, was wife of tbat truly heroic loyalist, James, the seventh earl
of Derby, who was crueHy put to death by the rebels in 1651.
This lady behaved with great and exemplary prudence, dexterity,
Rnd honQur, in aU affairs of life; and was remarkable for her gaHant
defence of Latham-house in 1644, when it was besieged by the
parliament forces. Sir Thomas Fairfax offered her honourable
terms; she answered, she was uJlder double trust to her king, an.d tv
Itl'r hUJ'balld, and that without their lea'Ce she could not gÏL:e it up.
-Orders were given by Fairfax for a formal siege: after many sallies
of incredible valour, under the countess's orders, which were won-
derfully successful, and after a four months' siege, and the loss of
two thousand men of the assailants, Colonel Rigby, their com-
mander, sent the countess a rude summons, to which she returned
this answer: "Trumpet, tell that insolent rebel Rigb!J, that if he
presume to send another summons within this place, I will ha
'e the mes-
ellger hanged up at the gates." This incomparable heroine, rctired
with her husband to the Isle of Man, until it was betrayed by one
who had been her own servant; who having corrupted the inhabit-
ants, seized on her, and her children, and kept them prisoners,
without any other relief than what she obtained from the charity
of her impoverished friends, until the restoration. She died in
1663, and was buried at Ormskirk.
ANNA SOPHIA, comitissa de Caernarvon.
Vandyck p. LOflzbart sc. h. .sit. There is a larp,'e Ilead
of this lad!!, by Baroll, fvhiclz, frolJt its size, scents to
o
F E
G L.\. N D.
221
have been eJ/.lfraved fronz a tracing", * taken froJl!' Vllll-
d.!Jck's picture of the PClJzbroke fa1JÛly at JVitto/l.
AXNA SOPHIA, countess Caernarvou.. TZ Dyck;
TV. IIo/lar,.
'rnall.
AXK, countess Caernarvon.
Dycl(; lI:fúrill sc.
Anna Sophia, eldest daughter of Philip, earl Pembroke, and
wife of Robert Dormer, earl of Caernarvon; a nobleman of great
hopes, who was killed at the battle of Newbury, the 20th of Sept.
1643. Both their portraits are in the family-piece at vVilton.
FRANCES STUART, countess of Portland. VltJl-
{lyck p. Broîvne;t h. she JJZCzz;.
MARIA (I
rances) STUART, &c. Hollarf. 1650,
h. she This has been copied, in 8vo. by GaYîvood.
FRAKCES, countess of Portland; fol. V. D!Jclì; R.
Caywood.
Frances Stuart, wife to Jerome Weston, earl of Portland, was
the youngest of the four daughters of Esme, duke of Richmond
and Lenox, who was brother and successor to Lodowick, mentionetÌ
in the preceding reign. She was sister to James, duke of Rich-
nlond, and the Lords John and Bernard Stuart, of whom I have
before given some account. It may not be improper to observe
here, that the duke, her brother, had a son named Esme, who suc-
ceeded his father, as Duke of Richmond, in 1655, and died young'
in 1660. He was succeeded by Charles, earl of Lichfield, his
cousin-german, who died in 1672; with him the title in this family,
which was of the blood royal of Scotland, became extinct.- There is
a print of Francps, countess of Portland, after Vandyck, by Gay-
wood. It is inscribed, by mistake, " Maria Stuart," &c.
. · An outline, taken by applying oiled or transparent paper to the painting.
t The name of an engraver aud I'rilltseJl
r, by whom this print was sold, and
very },robabJy engra"cJ. -
222
BIOGRAPHICAL I-IISTORY
LADY A UBIGNEY ; f1"oJn a dralving'in the King"s
"(,Ylarcndon." R. CoojJcr se.
Lady Aubigney, was a woman of consummate policy, and greatly
in the confidence of King Charles I. in whose cause she adventured
so far as to incur the resentment of the parliament, from whom
she suffered a long imprisonment under the suspicion of being privy
to the design, which had beèn discovered by Mr. 'ValleI', for which
Tomkins and Challoner had been put to death; and she had like-
wise suffered herself, had she not made her escape to Oxford. Her
husband, Lord Aubigney, was killed at Edge
hill, and she afterward,
with the king's approbation, married the Lord N ewburgh; this noble
pair found means to correspond with the king while imprisoned in
the Isle of Wight, and most of tbe letters which passed between the
king and queen, passed through their hands. They had a cipher
with the king, by which they gave him notice of any thing they
judged of importance, and had informed him of the intended removal
of him from Hurst Castle to London, advising him at the same time
to contrive some method to call at the Lodge at Bagshot in his
way; having planned a Inode for his escape, which however could
not be effected. Lady Aubigney died at the Hague, soon after the
death of the king.
BLANCH, lady Arundel. ]{oblc sc. front a picture
at fVarc!our Castle,. }Jrfji.red to 5 f euJard's "Anecdotes,"
1795.
Lady Arundel (daughter of the spirited Earl of 'Vorcester, who
nobly defended his castle of Ragland) displayed her father's courage
in defence of \Vardour Castle, when besieged by Sir Edwarù Hun-
gerford and Colonel Strode, with a body of men about 1300. 'Vhen
they summoned the castle to surrender, the Lady Arundel (her hus-
band being then at Oxford) refused to deliver it up, and bravely
replied, " that she had a command from her lord to keep it, and she
would obey his comInand." Her force was only twenty-five fighting
Inen against their great army; yet she defended the castìe for nine
days, and then surrendered on hono
rable terms. Ob. October 28,
1649, Æt. 66. See an interesting account in Seward's" Anec-
dotes."
OF ENGLAND.
223
.
MARY BEAVl\'I0NT, countess of Buckinghan1;
from a l1zlniature, in tlte collection at Strawberry-hill.
St01V sc. 4to.
This lady, whose 111aiden name was Beaumont, is chiefly remark-
able as the mother of the celebrated Duke of Buckingham, who
was assassinated by Felton, at Portsmouth. She was the second
wife of Sir George ViJIiers, knight, and, in compliment to the duke
her son, was created countess of Buckinghanl by letters patent,
dated July 1st, 1618. In the Peerages she is called" daughter of
Anthony Beaumont, of Glenfield, in the county of Leicester, esq."
Lut Roger Coke, in his "Detection of the Court of James I." on
the authority of his aunt, whose youngest sister was married to
John Villiers, viscount Purbeck, the eldest son of Sir George, by
l\rlary Beaumont, throws great doubt on this statement. She had
three sons and one daughter by Sir Geor
e; and being left a widow
in 1606, was afterward twice married; first to Sir '\Villiam Rayner,
and, secondly, to Sir Thomas Compton.
I.ord Clarendon, in his noted story of the ghost of Sir George
'Tilliers, has been the means of rendering this lady more known
than she otherwise would have been.
The historian concludes his relation in the following terms:
" Whatever there was of all this, it is a notorious truth, that when
the news of the duke's murder (which happened within a few
months after) was brought to his mother, she sel-
mcd not in the
least degree surprised, but received it as if she had foreseen it; nor
did afterward express such a degree of sorrow, as was expected
from such a mother, for the loss of such a son."
She died the 10th of April, 1632, at her lodgings at the Gate-
house, Whitehall, which opened to King-street; and was interred
with considerable pomp in the abbey church of \Vestminster, in a
vault under a little chapel in the south aisle of the choir.
LADY FAIRFAX ; an etching in an oval. Claussi1/,
fecit,. 4to.
LADY FAIRFAX ; 1ne.zz. 4to. JVoodburn eL'l'C.
Anne, lady Fairfax, fourth daughter of Lord Vere, was brought
up in Holland, and a zealous Presbyterian, but appears to have dis-
224 BJOGRAPIIIC.AL IIISTOR\.
approved or her husband's conduct towards King Charles the
First, at whose trial this lady exclaimed aloud against the pro-
ceedings, and the irreverent usage of the king by his subjects;
insomuch that the court was interrupted; for, her husband (Lord
Fairfax) being calJed first as one of the judges, and no answer
being made, the crier called him a second time, when a voice was
heard to say" he had more wit than to be there," which put the
court into 80me disorder, and some murmuring was heard. Pre-
sently when the impeachment was read, and that expression used
of, "All the good people of England," the same voice, in a louder
tone, answered, "No, nor the hundredth part of them;" upon
which one of the officers (Co!. Axtel*) bid the soldiers give fire
into the box, frem whence the presumptuous words were uttered.
But it was quickly discerned that it was the general's wife; who
was persuaded, or forced, to leave the place. But a1though she
bad concurred in her husband's joining the rebellion, she now ab-
horred the work, and did all she could to prevent him from pro-
ceeding any farther in it.
FRANCES LADY SEYl\I0UR, of Trowbridge;
fronz tile collection at Petwortlz. Platt sc. III Adolphus's
"British Cabinet;" 4to.
Frances, lady Seymour, was daughter and joint-heiress to Sir
Gilbert Prinne, of Allingham, in the county of Wilts: she died
during the lifetime of Lord Seymour, to whom she bore two chil-
dren; Charles, who succeeded to the title, and Frances, who
married Sir \Villialn Ducie, afterward lord viscount Down.
CATHARINJ:\ HOWARD, excellentissin1i ducis
Livoxiæ (Lenoxiæ) hæredis conjux. Valli/gcl.: p. A..
L077Z1neli JZ SC. h. sh.
CATHARI
A HO,J{ARD, &c. 1Z Dyck; P. i/eJode.
Catbarine, eldest daughter of Theophilus Howard, second earl
of Suffolk, married first, to George, lord D t Aubigne, son of Esme,
.. This circumstance was particularly urged against Axtel 011 his trial. and may
be sai(} to have cost him his life.
OF ENGLAND.
225
.
duke of Richmond and Lenox, whom she turned Papist to wed;
and secondly to James Levingston, earl of Newburgh.*
CA THARIN A HOWARD, grandchild to Thomas,
earl of Arundel, Æt. 13. Húllar f. ad vivu1Jl, 1646;
12rno. A reverse of the sa1Jze.t
LADY CATHARINE Ho,v AnD; near half leng,th.
Hollal"f. 4to.
CATHARINE Ho,v ARD; anonY1nous; nea1"ly front
face; hair Oll her neck. TV. Hollar, 1650.
CATHARINE Ho\\r ARD ; anOJlYUlOUS; prrfile.
Hollar, 1648.
CA THARINE Ho,v ARD; very slllall; an etching';
(Hollar) no nanzc or date,. scarce.
Catharine, daughter of Henry, lord Ma1travers. She was after-
ward married to John Digby, of Gothurst, esq. in Buckinghamshire,
eldest son of the famous Sir I{enelm Digby.
There is an anonyrnolls print of a lady in a fur tippet,
'lvith a je'lvel at her breast, by Hollar, after Vandyck. It
is dated 1657, and is, as I anl info1'nzed, called LA D Y
HOWARD, in the second edition of the Catalog'ue of
Hollar's Works, p. 82. '
CATIIARINE, daughter of Arthur, eldest son of
Sir'Villialn Usher, knt. wife of Sir Philip Perceval,
kl1t. (first of that name), married the lûth of October,
· From the information of l\Ir. \Valpole.
t A reversc, or counter-proof, is taken from another proof, fresh printed, and
wet, by passing it through the rolling-press: but, by this means, tht: strength and
beauty of the latter is somewhat impaired.
VOL. III. 2 G
226 B lOG RAPII I CA I... II IS TOR Y
1626, died the 2d of Jan. 1681-2. Faber f. 8vo. One
oftlze sct of tlze Perccval j{[}71ily.*
This lady, who had a numerous issue by Sir Philip, lived to see
two generations descended from herself, to all of whom she, from
her haughty and litigious temper, gave more or less vexation; and
at length broke off all intercourse with the Perceval family. She
espoused to her second husband the Earl of Castlehaven. See
the" History of the House of Y very."
JANE, daughter and heiress of Arthur Goodwin,
of Winchendon, in the county of Bucks, esq. mar-
ried to Philip, lord 'Vharton, father to the late Mar-
quis of Wharton. A. Vandyck p. P. Van Gunst sc.
larß'c h. slz.
The original, which was at Winchendon, is now at Houghton.
See ARTHUR GOODWIN, Class VIII.
Mr. Hogarth, in the preface to his "Analysis of Beauty," has
censured this portraitt as thoroughly divested of every elegance,'"'
from Vandyck's ignorance of the waving line, or line of beauty, as a
principle in his art.
PHILADELPHIA, and ELIZABETH 'VHAR-
TON, the only daughters of Philip, lord Wharton,
by Elizabeth, his first lady. A. Van D!Jck p. 1640;
P. Van Gunst sc. 'lolzole lellg,tlzs,. larg'e ". sll.
PHILADELPHIA 'VUARTON; frOlJl the picture lit
tlte Houg'htoJl Collcction. DUlll.:artoJl sc.
The original picture of these two children is in the grand col-
lection at Houghton, and is reckoned among thc capital pieces of
Vandyck.
In a pedigree of the "\Vharton family, in Collier's" Dictionary,"
Elizabeth is said to have been an only daughter of Philip, lord
· The print may be placed here, as Philip had employments in England.
t It is there, by mistakC', called U a print of the Dutchess of \VharfoD."
OJ;' ENGLAND.
22'7
'Vharton, by his first lady, Elizabeth, daughter and heir to Sir
Rowland \Vandesford, of Pickhay, in the county of York, attorney
of the court of wards, and to have espoused Robert, earl of Lindsey.
Philadelphia is there said to have been the youngest of his four
daughters, by Jane Goodwin, his second lady; and to have mar-
ried Sir George Lockhart, a famous lawyer, and president of the
session in Scotland, by whom she had a son named George. This
account of the family appears to be true, as there is a print in-
scribed, "Philip Lockhart, esq. son of Sir George Lockhart, &c.
by Philadelphia, youngest daughter to Philip, late lord Wharton."
JOAN, lady Hericke.
1632. J. B. ( Basire) sc.
LcicesteTshire ."
Ætatis suæ 54, July 27,
III Nichols's "History of
This lady was daughter of Richard May, esq. citizen of l..ondon,
and in May, 1596, became the wife of Sir 'Villimn Hericke. In her
picture she is dressed in a close black gown, richly ornamented
with lace, and fine ruffles, turned up close over the sleeves; a
large twilled ruff; over her head a black hood, closely laced iq
front, thrown open, yet hiding her hair; a watch in one hand, in the
.other a prayer-book; and at, her side hangs a feathered-fan; on the
picture is painted,
II Art may hir outsid thus present to view,
How faire within no art or tongue can shew."
Of the time of this lady's ùeath, or of the place of her interment,
we find no memorial. Her youngest child was born in 161.5; and
in the year following, being then resident in London at a town-
house, and at Richmond as a summer retreat, she wrote some af.
fectionate letters to her husband, whom business had at that time
called to Beaumanor. All that we know of Lady llericke, after
this period, is by a letter of her eldest son, April 26, 1619, and
another from her niece, Julian Noel, in 1621, and that she was
fifty-four when her portrait was painted in 1632.
ELIZABETHA HARVEY, filia domini Harvey,
baron is Kedbrook. Vandycl,; p. Hollar f. 1646; h. slt
ELIZ..\ßETll IIERVEY. Il. Ga
lJwood fee.
229 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTOR Y
This lady married John Harvey, of Ickworth, esq. treasurer to
Queen Catharine, consort of Charles II. and died without issue.
SUSANNA TEMPLE, lady Thornhurst, lady
Lister. C. Johnson p. R. White sc. h. she
SUSANNA TE
iPLE, &c. 8vo. w: Richardson.
Susanna Temple was maid of honour to Anne of Denmark,
queen of James I. and esteemed one of the greatest beauties of the
court. Whilst she was in that station, the king presented her, with
his own hand, to Sir Geoffry Thornhurst; and she was drawn in
her wedding habit by Cornelius Jansen. The original portrait is in
the possession of George Gregory, esq. at Harlaxton, near Gran..
tl1am, in Lincolnshire. John Churchill, duke of Marlborough,
offered a considerable sum for this picture, and Lord \Vilmington
was very desirous of purchasing it, but neither of them could pro-
cure it. Lady Thornhurst married to her second husband, Sir
Martin Lister, son of Dr. l\:Tatthew Lister, physician to Anne of
Denmark, and afterward to Charles I. Dr. Martin Lister was the
issue of this marriage.*
LADY TERESIAt SHIRLEY; a chaplet of roses
on her head, long hair, part of 'lolzich is braided, and
t1viJlcd 'lvith a 'rope of pearls J' nalied breasts, necklace.
Vandyck p. Hollar f. h. slz.
· Dr. :Martin Lister, who was one of the most distinguished fellows of the ROJal
Society in the reign of Charles II. was author of several books of medicine, and
natural philosophy; and of some occasional picct's in the" Philosophical Transac-
tions." The most valuable of his works is his Book of Shells, in two volumes folin ;
which are chiefly engraved from the drawings of his two daughters, now in the
Ashmolean l\IuseulU.t He has been ridiculed by Dr. King,
and others, f\Jr his
attention to this be:mtiful part of natural history. Jupiter has, for much the same
reason, been ridiculed by Lucian, for spending so large a portion of his time iu paint-
ing the wings of butterflies.
t Hcr name ''':is Tcresia, as appears from Dod's II Churcb History," vol. ii.
p. 366, and also from Herbert's u Travels."
:t This book has been republished, with improvemcnts, by thc late 1\lr. \ViJliam
Huddesford, keeper of that museum.
See Dr. King.s " Journey to London," publhhed under tbe tictjtiuus name of
SOl biere.
OF l
NGI..AND.
229
LADY TERESI A SHIRLEY. J. Basire.
Tlzere is a portrait of Lady Shirley, with a chaplet of
Il'oses in a border, inscribed" Barbara, dutchess of Cleve-
land,"
'c.
'old by John Overton;,' scarce.
The print, which has only the painter's and engraver's names, is
extremely scarce. Mr. John Barnard had two of them, one of
which he sold to the Dutchess of Portland for three guineas.
There is a portrait of her, in a Persian dress, at Preston-house,
near Brighthelmston; and whole lengths of her and her husband,
in Persian habits, at Petworth.
This lady, who was wife to Sir Robert Shirley, the famous ad-
venturer, was a relation of the Queen of l>ersia,. and is said to
have been a Circassian. t She is said to have fallen in love with
Sir Robert for his val our, which he signalized in several engage-
ments with the Turks, during his residence in Persia. Dr. Fuller
informs us, that her complexion resemble(l ebony more than ivory
(which does not appear fron1 the print), and that she was herself
very valiant.! In 16 I 2, she came first into England with her hus-
band, who was sent hither in quality of ambassador from the Sophi,
and was brought to bed of a child, to whom the queen stood god-
motr..cr, and Prince Henry godfather. She must have been quite
young at this time: her portrait was done many years afterward by
V andyck.
lVIURIEL LYTTLETON, daughter of Lord-chan-
ellor Brol111ey; died lü30; oval; ill flash's " History
of Trórccster
'hire."
Mrs.Muriel Lyttleton, daughter of Lord-chancellor Bromley, may
be called the second founder of the family, as she begged the
estate of King James when it was forfeited, and lived a pattern of
a good wife, aff('ctionate wiùow, and careful parent, for thirty years,
with the utmost prudence and economy, at Hagley, to retrieve the
· See Finefs If Philoxenis," p. 175, where there is a curious anecdote of Sir
Robert ShidcJ.
t It is well known that the Circassians trade in beauties, and that they suppJJ Y
the seraglios of the Sophi and the Grand Signiur.
t u 'Vorthies," in Sussex, p. 107.
It "as, perhaps, copied by Y andyck, from an original by a former rainter.
Quærc.
230 ßI 0 G flAP II leAL II 1ST 0 II Y
estate and payoff the debts; the education of her chilùrcn in vir-
tue and the Protestant religion being her principal employ. Her
husband, lVIr. John LytUeton, a zealous Papist, was condemned,
and his estate forfeited, for being concerned in Essex's plot, though
he seems to have had no design to subvert the government, and
was condemned on very slender proofs, amounting to little more
than that he was in the Earl of Essex's retinue, which accompanied
him from Essex-house in a tUlTIultuous lTIanner into the city, which
might have been justly esteemed a seditious riot, but not high-
treason.
ANASTASIA (VENETIA) STANLEY, lady
Digby. Hollarf. 1646.
LADY ÐrGBY. J. Oliver,. A. Birrell, 1802.
There is a portrait of her at Althofp, done after she was dead,
by Vandyck. Mr. Walpole has a miniature of her by Peter Oliver,
after the same picture. He has also miniatures of eight other per-
sons of the same fanlily. There are two fine busts of her at Mr.
Wright's, at Gothurst, near Newport-Pagnel, Ducks, fOlomerly the
seat of Sir Kenelm Digby; one of which was engraved by Basire
for Pennant's "Journey frOln Chester to London," p. 337, and a
view of her monument, as it was in Christ Church, N ewgate-stl'eet.
but destroyed in the fire of London, is in the" Antiquarian Reper-
tory," vol. ii. p. 195, from a drawing in the curious pedigree book
of the Digby family, in the possession of the present noble repre-
sentative of that ancient family.
Venetia, daughter and coheiress of Sir Edward Stanley, grand-
son of Edward, earl of Derby, and wife of Sir Kenelm Digby. Her
1Jeauly, which was much extolled, appears to have had justice done
it by all the world. It is not quite so clear whether equal justice
were done to ber reputation, which was far fron1 escaping censure.
The Earl of Clarendon mentions Sir Kenelm's "marriage with a
lady, though of an extraordinary beauty, of as extraordinary a
fame.". 1\'11'. Skinner has a small portrait of her by Vandyck, in
which" she is represented as treading on Envy and l\1alice, and is
unhurt by a serpent that twines round her arm."t Here the his-
!It .. Lifc of the Earl of Clarcndon," p. 31.
t ". Allccd.Jtcs of Painting," vuÌ. ii.
ù edit. p. 102.
OF ENGLAND.
231
torian and painter illustrate each other. This was a model for a
large portrait of her at 'Vindsor.
I
ADY BLOUNT, widow of Sir William Main-
waring; frou/; an orig'inal in the possession of the Rev.
Geor!!;e Lefroy, of Ash, ill Hanlpshire. Schencker sc. 4to.
Hesther, daughter and coh
ir of Christopher vVase, of Upper
Holloway, in the county of Middlesex, esq. married, when very
young, Sir William l\1ainwaring, of\Vest-Chester, knt. who unfortu-
nately lost his life in the cause of Charles the First, at the assault
of Chester in Oct. 1645, leaving by his lady two daughters, his
coheirs; of whom Hesther married Sir Richard Howe; and Judith,
the other coheir, was first wife oC Sir John Busby, of Addington, in
the county of Bucks, kl1t. but she dying at the age of 19, at her
father-in-Iaw's, Sir Henry Blount's seat, at Tittenhanger, left one
child who lived to Inaturity, Hesther, wife of the honourable Thomas
Egerton, of Tatton Park, Cheshire.
Lady IVlainwaring, after the death of Sir William, became, in
1647, the wife of Sir Henry Blount, so well known by his" Travels
to the Levant," and other writings; by him Lady Blount had issue,
the famous Sir Thomas Pope Blount, of Tittenhanger, bart. born at
Upper I-Iolloway, Sept. 12, ] 649. the author of the" Censura An-
thorum ;" and the celebrated Deist, Charles Blount, who is supposed
to have been assisted by his father in his well-known book "the
Anima l\iundi."
MARGARET SMITII, n1arried to Sir Tholnas
Carye, one of the bed-chamber, and brother to Phi-
ladelphia, lady Wharton. Vandyck p. 1636; P. a
GUllst sc. 'lvhole ICJlg,tlz,. larg'e It. she
This was in the 'Vharton colh
ction, now at Strawberry-hill.
MARGARET S
l\IITH, vidua TholTIæ Cary, et uxor
Ed yardi Herbert, equitis. .Vandyc/f p. Faithorne sc.
II. sh. l1zis is OJle oj'the scarcest and Jinest of all our
Eng"lish prints.
MADAl\1 KIRK.' Jl(lJul!Jck p. IIaY'lvood f. It. sl,.
232 BIOGRAPIIICAL HISTOR \
MADAl\I A
!\ E KIRK. Vall{{ljck p. Browne; larg'e
h. s Ii. ,}Jle.z'_
. *
l\1ADAl\I KIRK, sitting in a chair. Hollar f. h. she
MADAl\I ANN KIRK; whole leng,th. Vandyck; J.
Becket fecit.
IVIADAl\I KIRK, SlttlJzg;,. with tlze Countess of lJ;Ior-
tOJ!. V. Dyclì" Gronsveldt se.
1\lrs. Kirk was one of the dressers to Queen Henrietta Maria.
She stood for this place in competition with Mrs. Neville, to whom
sbe was preferred. t \Vhen the king withdrew from Hampton-
court, he ordered Co!. '\Vhalley to send her tbe queen.s picture.
Her portrait in n1iniature is at Burghley-house.
D. ANNA WAKE. Van Dyck p. P. Clollwet se;,
4to. Ruff, ruffles, bracelet, &c.
Anna Wake, daughter of Robert \Vake, a merchant of Antwerp.
She married James, third lord Savile, and second earl of Sussex.
He died in 1671.
Sir William Wake, in a letter to Mr. Bull, which I have seen,
says, that it is more than probable that this lady is of his family, as
"there appears to have been an Anne, daughter and coheir of
Gregory Brokeby, of Frithby, in the county of Leicester, who mar-
ried Sir John 'Vake, in the reign of Charles I."t
· There is a miniature of her at Burghley.
t See" Strafford Papers," vol. ii. p. 37.
t I have often wished for a Campanella at my elbow, to inform me of the cha.
racters of several ladies in this Class.
I pay little regard to what the satirist says
who tells us that,
" l\Iost women have no characters at all."
and that they are,
" Best distinguished by black, brown, and fair.'"
When I see a plea
ing form, I fancy, as others ha\'e done before me, that it wa'S
attended with many excellences, and adorned by the virtues, as well as the grace!t-.
Campanella, a celebrated Italian mimic and phy!!iognomist, is said to have had
a surprising talent of conforming his features to the likeness of such as were any
way remarkable, and by virtue of that conformity, of entering into their characters.
See an account of him in Spon's H Recherches (l'Antiquité:'
OF ENGLAND.
233
LUCY SACHEVERAL, sitting' under a tree. P.
Lely inv. Faitho1"ne se. l
aris; 1649. In Lovelace's
" Lucasta," before a pag;e inscribed to her. This SCeJJlS
to
e the invention of the painter, as the inscription inti-
1nates. See the article of LOVELACE.
BATHUSA MAKIN (Makins), Principi Elizab. a
Latinis, Græcis, & Hebræis.
Forma nihil, si pulchra per it, sed pectoris alm
Divini species non moritur a viget.
lV. lJI. ( Ma1'shall) se. sTnall 8vo.
BATHUSA MAKIN, &c.
lcry.
In the Woodburn Gal-
. She is represented olù, without any remains of beauty. I should
rather conclude that she never had any, as her figure is remark-
ably homely.
Mrs. Makins, who was sister to Dl'. John Pell,. one of the
greatest linguists and mathematicians of his age, may he justly
placed in the first rank of learned ladies. She maintained a 1iterary
correspondence with the celebrated Anna Maria Schurman, t who
was, perhaps, the only woman comparable to her in the knowledge
of the languages.t
· Evel.v n 's U N umisma.ta," p. 265. There is an account of Dr. PeU, in
Birch's" History of the Royal Society," vol. iv. p. 44-J., &c. and in the u Bio-
graphia."
t See preface to Bal1ard's U :l\Iemoirs," p. ,'ii.
It appears from the following notice, that 1\Irs. l\Iakins continued to exercise
her learned talents, long after she had ceased to employ them in the service of
royalty. In 1673, was published a quarto pamphlet, entitled, U An Essay to re-
vive the ancient Education of Gentlewomen in Rcligion, l\:Ianners, Arts, and
Tongues, with an Answer to the Objections against this way of Education." At
the end of which i
the Postscript :-If any inquire where this education may be
performed; such may be informed, tbat a !ichoûl is lately erected for gentlewomen
at Tottenham High-cross, within four miles of London, in the road to "Tare j where
. Mrs. Makins is governess, who was sometimes tntorcss to the Princess Elizabeth,
daughter to King Charles the First; \'\'her
, by the blessing of God, gentlewomen
"'OL. I II. 2 II
234 lllOGRAPIIICAL IIISTOR \-
1\1RS. MARY GRIFFITI-I. G. Glover se. Before
" Hæe lIon1o," ÇfC. hy Willia17l Austin, esq. 121710. 5'lle
is represented with a 'lvatch in her hand.
IVIns. M_\RY GRIFFITH; 121110, }
Richardson.
This excellent woman was endowed with luany virtues and ac-
complishments; and was particularly careful in the employment of
her time, which she knew to be essential to the attainment of every
useful and ornamental qualification. Her business and diversions
were usually regulated by her watch, and the latter always with a
subserviency to the former. '
1VIARGAIlET LEMON. TT Ull dyc/ì p. W. Hollarf.
1646; h. sit. ten }ì
cJleh verses.
MARGUERITE LEl\ION; Angloise. Vandgck p. Gay-
'lL'ood s c .
1\1ARGARET LE1\IOX. J;"p"andycli p. Morin se. octagon;
her hair e01Jlbcd hacA
, and adorned with flowers. lIeI'
na1J1e is not inscribed.
MA llG ARETA LEl\ION. L07Jl'Jnelin sc. h. sh.
The picture of her, from which Hollar engraved the print, is at
Strawberry-hill, and came from Buckingham-house.
may be iustructed in the principles of religion, and all manner of sober and virtuou3
education; more particularly in all things ordinarily taught in other schools;
f \tVarks of all sorts l ì
Dancing l I H If h .
1\1 . ate tIme
) - USIC, \.. b
as.") S' . ('"to e spent
I W Jn?
ng, J in these things;
I ntmg,
lKecping Accounts.
the other half to be employed in gaining the Latin and French tongues; and those
that plea
e, may learn Greek and Hebrew, the Italian and Spanish; in aU which
this gentlewoman hath a competent knowledge, &c. &c.
Those that think these things improbable or impracticable, may have farther
accollnt every Tuesday at .Mr. l\Iason's coffee-house in Cornhill, near the Roval
Exchange; and Thursday, at the Bolt and Tun in Fleet-street, between the ho
urs
of three and six in the afternoon l by some person whom
Irs. ]-lukins shall appoint.
-BINDLEV.
OF ENGLAND.
235
l\largaret Lemon was mistress to Vandyck, who drew several
portraits of her. There is a very fine one in a lower apartment at
I-Iampton-coul't. This woman was almost as famous in her time
as the painter himself, and was said to have been liberal of her
favours to several persons besides that artist; particul
rly to En-
dymion Porter, groom of the king's bed-chamber.
SCOTCH LADIES.
_4.NNA, comitissa de l\iortol1. VllJl((ljck p. LO}}lbart
8C. h. sit.
AXN, countess of Morton; 8vo. G. Vcrtuc.
A
N, countess of lVIorton; sitting 'lvitll lJfada17l,
]{irlì. v: Dyck,. J. GroJlsveldt.
_J\.N
, countess of 1\1:o1"ton. Bocquet 8C. III "lVoble
Authors," by .AIr. Par It" 1806.
Her portrait, by V anùyck, is at Althorp.
Anne, daught
r of Sir Edward ViUicrs, president of Munster,
and half brother to George, the great duke of Buckingham; and
wife to Robert Douglas, earl of l\lorton. She was governess to
the Princess Henrietta,* and is celebrated by 'Valler. Fenton
speaks of her as "one of the most admired beauties of this age ;"
and says, that" the graces of her miild were not inferior to those
of her person." In 1646, she conveyed the princess, in disguise,
from Oatlands, into France.t She caused a " Book of Devo-
tions"! to be composed for her daily use, which was published by
1\1. G. a lady of her acquaintance, to whom she had recolnnlended
· Afterward Dutchess of Orleans.
t Fenton's Observations on \Valler's Poem to Lady l\Iorton. See several letters
of Sir Edward Hyde to her in the second volume of the "Clarendon Papers."
Some of these letters, which are strongly expressive of the writer's esteem and
friendship, are addressed to her under the title of Lady Dalkeith.
* It is from this "Manual of Devotions," that 1\1r. \Valpole, in his II Catalogue
of Royal and Noble Authors," quotes the remarkable expression of II Lord wilt
tbou hunt after a fica?"
236 BIOGRAPHICAL IIIS'fOH. Y
it. The imprimatur is dated 1665, and the fourteenth edition was
published in 24mo. 1689. It appears from the dedication of this
book to the Countess of 1\lareshall, daughter of Lady 1\10rton, as
well as from the print, that the author of the "British Compen-
dium" for Scotland, is mistaken in calling her Elizabeth.*
AN NE, countess of Argyle; fro17z a pictu1
e in tlie
collection of Lady Mary Coke,. in "Noble Authors,"
hy lJIr. Park,. 1806.
This lady was. the daughter of William, earl of Morton, and
the first wife of Archibald, seventh earl of Argyle, who distinguished
himself at the battle of Glenlivot, in 1594. Sir William Alexander
inscribed his " Aurora," in 1604, to Lady Agnes, countess of Argyle,
where he gallantly says of his amatory fancies, " that as they were
the fruits of beautie, so shall they be sacrificed as oblations to
beautie." The countess collected and published, in Spanish, a set
of sentences from the work of St. Augustine. She is said to have
died prior to 1638. See" Noble Authors."
The LADY LETTICE, viscountess Falkland,
Æ't. 35. Marshall se. 12mo.
LETTICE, viscountess Falkland. W. Richardson.
The portrait is prefixed to" The holy Life and Death of the
Lady Lettice, viscountess Falkland, with the Returns of spiritual
Comfort and Grief in a devout Soul, represented in Letters to that
honourable Lady, and exemplified in her. By John Duncon,t
Parson sequestered, third Edit. 1653;" 12mo. The first edition
was printed in 1648. The account of her" Life" is in a letter
addressed to the Lady Morison, mother to the viscountess, at
Great Tew, in Oxfordshire. It is dated April the 15th, 1647, and
seems to have been written soon after her death.
This excellent lady was daughter of Sir Richard Morison, of
Tooley Park, in Leicestershire, knt. and relict of the celebrated Lu-
cius Cary, viscount Falkland, who was killed in the first battle of
· " British Compel1d." p, 135.
tiler chaplain.
OF ENGLAND.
237
Newbury. When that great and amiable man was no more, she
fixed her eyes on heaven; and though slInk in the deepest affliction,
she soon found that relief fronl acts of piety and devotion, -which
nothing else could have administered. After the tumults of her
grief had subsided, and her lnind was restored to its former tran-
quillity, she began to experience that happiness which all are
strangers to but the truly religious. She was constant in the pub-
lic and private exercises of devotion, spent much of her time in
family prayer, in singing psalnls, and catechising her children and
domestics. She frequently visited her poor neighbours, especiaJIy
in their sickness, and would sometimes condescend to read religi-
ous books to them, while they were employed in spinning. She
distributed a great number of pious tracts. Lord Falkland left her
all that he was possessed of by will, and committed his three sons,
the only children he had, to her care. Db. Feb. 1646, Æt.
circ. 35.
1\1ARIA RUTEN (RUTHEN or RUTHVEN), &c.
uxor Antonii Vandyck, pict. Vandyck p. S. a Bois-
vert sc.
MARIA RUTEN, &c. Vandyck p. Gayu'oodf. It. she
copicd frorn the fornzer.
VANDYCK.'S WIFE; frol1Z II picture by "f)ir Ant. Van-
dyck, in the collection o..f 5 f ir Richard Lyttleton. Barto-
lozzi se. h. she
MARIA RUTEN, &c. V. D!Jck;
Faithorne eJ,"c.
MARIA RUTEN; anongmous. V. Dyc/t; L. Ferdi-
nand.
MARIA RUTEN.
Dyck:J' Joluz .AIe!Jssclls.
MARIA RUTEN; an etching
'
D!Jck; rare; Jol.
There is an original of her, by Vandyck, in the possession of
Sir John Stepney, at Llannelly, in Caermartheu:5hire.
238
n lOG RAP II I C ..."'- L II 1ST 0 R Y
Vertue, in a manuscript catalogue of heads, which I have, men-
tions a print of Vandyck's daughter, by Arnold de Jode.
IV! ary, daughter of the Earl of Gowrye, descended from Lord
1\lethllen, son of Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. by Francis
Steward, her third husband. Her father was executed for a con-
spiracy against James VI. of which there are accounts in several of
our histories. Bishop Burnet observes, that her issue by Vandyck
" stood very near to the succession of the crown."* She had only
one daughter by Sir Anthony, who married Sir John Stepney, a
gentleman of Wales. t
AN IRISH COUNTESS.
ELIZABETH, Castlehaven comitissa. TTandyck J}.
Lombart se. h. 8h.
· "Rist. of his own Time," i. p. 19.
t The fullowing account of the Stepney family, which was communicated by the
late Sir Thoma5 Stepney, father to Sir John, the present representative for the
county of l\lonmouth, will rectify some mistakes relative to Lady VandJck and
ller descendants.
'c John Stepney, of Pendegrest, esq. who descended from Ralph Stepney, lord
of Aldenham, in Com. Hert. was created a baronet the 19th uf James I. He left
three sons, Sir Juhn, Thomas, and Charles. John died without issue-m
le, by
'hich the title and part of the estate devolved to Joþn Stepney esq. son to his
brother Thomas. This Sir J obn Stepney married Justina, daughter and heir to
Sir Anthony VandJck, by wllom he had issue his son and successor, Sir Thomas
Stepney, grandfather to the present Sir Thomas. The supposition that 1\1r. Stepney,
the poet and envoy, was descended from the Stepney who married Vandyck's
daughter, is erroneous. The p
digrt'e from that period is perfectly clear; the late
Sir Thomas Stepney being the only son of that marriage. If I may hazard a con-
jecture, and a very probable one, Stepney, the poet, was either son or grandson of
Charles, third son of the first baronet. Lady Vandyck married to her second
11usband, Sir Richard Pryse, of Cogerthan, in Com. Cardigan."
t This is all erroneons.-Bishop Burnet mistook the daughter of Lord l\1ethuen,
by Lady Jean Stewart his second wife, for a daughter by the queen-moth
r. He
was not the first who committed the mistake.
Vandyck's wife was the daught
r of Dr. Ruthven, a ",brother of John, earl of
Gowrye, who, afrer the ruin of the Ruthven family, retired into England and be-
came a physician. His mother, Dorothea, was the daughter of l\Iethuen by a sc..
t:onù marriage, and the wife of JViliiam, carl of Gowryc.-LOItD IJ
ILES.
OF ENGLAN D.
239
Elizabeth, countess of Castlehaveri, was daughter and coheir of
Benedict Barnham, alderman of London." She was wif
t of the
infamous l\lervin, earl of Castlehaven, and baron Audley, who
was executed the 7th of Charles I. for an unnatural crime, and
also for assisting in a rape upon her. James, his eldest son by
tl1is lady, was restored to both his dignities, the 19th of tbe same
rClgn.
C LAS S XII.
PERSONS REMARKABLE FROM ONE
CIRCUMSTANCE, &c.
JOI-IN BRADSHAW, (sergeant at law) president
of the pretended high court of justice; fronl Ull orig;i-
'/lal painting". lII. Vanderg;llcht sc. 8vo. large l1at..t
JOHN BRADSHAW; la.4to. partly scraped,. (rare.
· B. Barnham was also the father of Alice, viscountess St. Alban's, \\bo after-
warù married Sir John Underhill.
t Her portrait was painted in her widowhood.
The following inscription is on a copper-plate, belonging to Bradshaw's hat in
Ashmole's l\Iuseum. The inside of the crown of this hat, which he wore at the
telaJ of tbe king, is well guarded with iron.
IC Galerus iIle ipse, quo tectus erat
Johannes Bradshaw, archi-regicida,
Dum execrabili regicidarurn conventui
præsideret.
Djgnus ut in eodem loco,
Quo Fauxi laterna,
collocetur;
Ilia papisticæ, hic fanaticæ
Nequitiæ monulU('ntnm.
In hoc dispares ;
Scilicet id Ilefas,
Quod ilIa in tenebris machinata est,
Hic sub Dio perfecit.
Dat. An. Domini 1715; a Tho. Bis!e S. T. P."
240 B IOGRAPHICAJ
IIISTOR Y
JÒHN BRADSHA'V; in Cau!fteld's "Hig'/l COlll..t of
Justice. "
Bradshaw had the peculiar infamy of being the only man that
ever sat in judgment upon his sovereign. His reward for presiding
at the trial was as extraordinary as his crime; as the parliament,
soon after, made him a present of Summer Hill, a seat of the Earl
of St. Alban's, valued at 10001. a year.*' Bradshaw is supposed to
have communicated some old evidences to Marchimont N edham,
to be inserted into his translation of Selden's "Mare Clausum."t
Ob. 11 Oct. 1659. He declared, a little before he left the world,
that if the king were to be tried and condemned again, he would be
the first man that should do it.:
CAPTAIN ROBERT D()VER; on horsehack;
hefore the "Al1llalia Duhrensia, upon the yearly celebra-
tion of ]Jlr. Robert Dover's Olynlpic GaInes, upon Cots-
wold Hilts,"
'c. Lond. 1636: 4to.
CAPTAIN ROBERT DOVER; illCau!field's "Rc1Jzarlc-
ahle Persons.."
This book consists of verses written by Michael Drayton, Tho-
nlas Randolph, Ben Jonson! and many others.
Robert Dover, an attorney, of Burton on the Heath, in the county
of 'Varwick, was, for forty years, chief director in the annual cele-
bration of the games upon Cots wold Hills, in G louce
tershire.
These games, to which multitudes resorted, were cudgel-playing,
wrestling, leaping, pitching the bar, throwing the sledge, tossing
tbe pike, and various other feats of strength and activity. Many
of the country gentlemen hunted or coursed the hare; and the
· Walker's U History of Inrlepend." Part ii. p. 258.
t Nicolson's u Historical Library." iii. 124.
t See Peck's U De
iderata Curiosa," xiv. p. 32.
l\Iatthew \Valbancke appears to have been the editor of these poems, probably
at the request of Dr. Dover, to whom they are dedicated, and "who thought it his
duty to perpetuate the mcmory of that good man his grandfather." This he de-
served from a circumstance more extraordinary than his presiding at the games;
for though bred an attorney. he ne\'er tricd but two causes, having always made up
the difff'rences.-S I R 'V. l\hr!o n A v E.
o F ENGLAND.
241
women danced. A castle of boards was erected upon this occasion,
fro1l1 which guns were frequently discharged. Captain Dover had
not only the permission of James 1. to celebrate the Cotswold
Games, but appeared in the very clothes which that monarch had
formerly worn,:j(( and with much more dignity in his air and aspect.
See "Athen. Ûxon." ii. col. 812, where the print is particularly
described.
ARCHEE (ARCIl y), the king-'s jester; a whole
ICJlg,tlz, ill a long' particolourcd Tunic; hat and feather.
" Archee by kings and princes grac'd of late,
Jested himself into a fair estate ;
And in this book, cloth to his friendS' comlnend,
His jeers, taunts, tales, which no man can offend."
The print, which was engraved by T. Cecill, is before his "Jests,"
in 12mo.t
ARCHEE, the king's jester; in Cau!field's " Re1nark-
able Persons."
ARC flEE; s171all 'il'.
'f)!e leng,tlz; "This is no lJIuckle
John nor S017uners tVilliaJlz," <S'c. prtji.Ted to his "Jests,"
1600; Haywood
' scarce. Copied by Richardson.
A RCI-IEE, 'lDith Archbishop Lalld; WOOd-Cllt.
,. They were given him by Endj'mion Porter, the king's servant.
t Ther{' are many jests in this book which were never uttered by ArdJy, and
which are indeed, in general, very unworthy of him. It has been justly observed,
that no nation in the world abounds so much in jest-books as the English. Under
thi::l head may come Tarlton's Jests, the witty Apophthegms of James I. and the
l\Iarquis of \Vorcester, and some of those of Lord Bacon. 'Ve have also the Court
and State Jests, in noble drollery; England's Jester; and the Oxford, Cambridge,
and Coffee-house Jests. In the reigns of George II. and III. were published the
Jests of Ben Jonson, the Earl of Rochester, Tom Brown, Joe l\1ille1",t Ferdimmdo
Foot, 1\11"s. Pilkington, and Bean Nash; and almost everyone of these medlies are
thought to be intermixed with the No-jests of the compilers. The jests of QUill
came forth presently after his death, and they were soon followed by those of
Yorick and Shakspeare.
t This book has been much read and studied by tlJC speakers and retailers of
C.OOD THI
GS.
VOL. III.
2 I
242 BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTORY
Archy, or Archibald Armstrong, who was a great master of grr-
Inace and buffoonery, was jester, or fool to James I. and his son
Charles. His famous reply to the former of these princes, relative
to his sending the heir of his crown into Spain, is too well known
to be here repeated. He had a particular spleen against Bishop
Laud, upon whom he was sometimes very sarcastical.* When the
liturgy, which that prelate endeavoured by all means to introduce
into Scotland, was absolutely rejected, and great tumults were
raised upon that account, he said to him tauntingly, " 'Vho is fool
now?"t The king who was luuch offended at this impudent jest,
ordered him to pull off bis coat, and dismissed him. He was suc-
ceeded by Muckle John,! who was the last persoll that was re-
tained as fool to the English court. Killegrew is said to have been
jester to Charles II. but the Duke of Buckingham, the :þarl of
Rochester, and Colonel Titus, were as much that king's jesters as
he was.
He died] 672, at Arthuret, in Cumberland, the place of his
birth, where he retired after his disgrace. See Lysons's " Cnul-
berland," page 13.
MR. IIOBSON, &c. J. Paynef. a purse lJl his
hands; eig'ht Eng'lish verses; h. sit.
IVIR. Honsox; cig'ht Rng'fish verses,. 4to. J
Richardson,. lJfr. Hobson:}' J. Caulfield.
His portrait is, or was, at his inn in Bishopsgate-street.
I-Iobson, the carrier of Cambridge, by the help of common sense,
and a constant attention to a few frugal maxims, raised a much
greater fortune than a thousand men of genius and learning, edu-
cated in that university, ever acquired, or were even capable of ac-
quiring. He was, to use the citizen's phrase, "a much better man"
than l\lilton, who has written two quibbling epitaphs upon him.
But if that great poet had never lived, his name would have been
· lIe once, when the bishop was present, asked leave to say grace, which being
granted him, he sail1, "Great pra:se be given to God, and little Lat:d to the dcvil."
t A stool wn
thrm..n at the dean's head, who first read it in the cathedral at
Edinburgh. Arch y said, it was" the Stool of Repentance."
t See" Strafford Pap"'r>>," ii. J,;1.
OF E N G L A
D.
243
dl ways remembered; as he took an cffectualillcthod of perpetuating
his memory, by erecting a handsome stone conduit at Canlbridge,
supplying it by an aqueduct, and settling seven lays of pasture
ground towards the mainten
nce of the same, for cver.* He died
in the time of the plague, 1630, in the 86th year of his age. There
is a poem called" Hobson's Choice," which I have seen printed
in a folio pamphlet, together with " The Choice," by Pomfret. See
more of him in the " Spectator," No. 509. Hi
will is aillong
Peck's Collections.
OLD PARR; froJJz an orig;inal picture, in the collec-
tion of [Tvedale Price, esq. Ceo. PO'lvle del. et /)'c. 4to.
Etched with the dry needle. t
TUOJ\IAS PARR. Vorsternzan sc.
This is mentioned upon the authority of Mr. Gough; I never
saw the print.f
" The old, old, very old man, or THOMAS P AUf{,
the son of John Parr, of Winnington, in the parish of
Alberbury, in Shropshire, who was born in 1483, in
the reign of Edward the IVth, and is now living in
the Strand, being aged one hundred and fifty-two
years, and odd months," 163.'). C. v: Dalen
'c. sitting'
in a gt"eat chair, with a bolster behind hirtZ, hi/)' eyes ltalj
open; 4to.
TUOl\IAS P AH.R; 1ne.zz. J. Faber.
TUO:\IAS P AUn. ; Jol. lIaúcrt, 1715.
"rIlO:\IAS I") ARR; 4lu. 'J1le.z
'. P. v. f:J'. (uutcr.)
TUOl\IAS PARR; 4tu.
· "Cantabrigia Depicla," p. 10.
t The most delicate kind of etching, which was plac;tl
cd by J.iembram1t. It 13
done upon the bar
plate, without aqua fortis.
t My grateful acknowledgments arc due to this ingenious rmd communicatÍ\ e
çeutlcman for several favours.
244 n lOG R ...\ PHI C.A L II 1ST 0 R 1
THOl\IAS PARR; half leng,tll. J. Cau!Jield.
THOl\IAS P AUR, &c. who lived in the reigns of ten
kings and queens, ,vho no\v lies buried in 'Vest-
minster Abbey; 4to.
OLD PARR, ../Et. 151. G. JV/zitef. 4to. 'J71e
z.
There is a portrait said to be of him, at Belvoir Castle, amI
another in Ashmole's Museunl. The .most valuable is in the col-
lection of the Dutchess of Portland.
Thomas Parr seems to have been a man of ,,-ery different sta-
mina from the rest of n1
nkind; as Dr. Ii'uller tells us, that he is
thus" charactered by an eye-witness of him :"
U From head to heel, his bod.}' had all over,
A quick-set, thick-set, nat'ral hairy cûver."1it
At a hundred and twenty+ he married Katherine IVlilton, hi
second wife, whom he got with child; and was, after that era of
his life, employed in threshing and other husbandry work. 'Vhell
he was about a hundred and fifty-two years of age, he was
brought up to London by Thomas, earl of Arundel, and carried to
court. The king said to him, " Yon have lived longer than other
men, what have yon done more than other men T' He replied, " I
did penance when I was a hundred years old."! Ob. Nov. 1635.
The fullest account of him extant, is in his cc Life," by Taylor, in
the" Harleian l\liscellany."
YOUNG PARR. G. Whitef. 4to. 'Jnez,z. I-Ie is 1'C-
presented 'Vcry old.
Young Parr, the supposed son of the former, is said to have
lived to a very advanced. age. Turner, in his "'V onùers of Na-
ture," subjoined to his "History of remarkable Providences,"
., II 'VorlLies in Shropshire," p. 11.
t It should probably be a hundred and two, according to Dr. Campbell, ill his
" Hern
ippus Uedivivus."
t Peck's" Collect. of diverse curious historical Pieces," subjoined to his Lives
of Cromwell and l\lilton.
Chap. xxxii. Sect. 1..1.
OF ENGL.AND.
.
245
tells us, that old Parr married his first wife at eighty years of age,
and in the space of thirty-two years, had but two children by her,
who died young; that at a hundred and twenty, "he fell in love
with Katherine l\1ilton, and got her with child." If this be true,
several of the stories told of young Parr are false.
JEFFERY HUDSON; a sJ7lall print; before a
very s1Jlall book, entitled, "The Þ/C'lV Year's Gift," pre-
sented at cOllrt, froJJl the L{l{(lj Parvllla, to tILe Lord
jlliJlÙnus (Co7717JlOnly called Little JejjèJ"!}), her ,}}lqjest!}
s
servant,
'c. 'lorilten by AIicrophilus.
JEFFERY HUDSON, and the Giant; froJJl the bas-
relief, near Bag'llio-court, ill Pennanfs " London," p. 218,
.lirst edition.
JEFFERY HUDSON. J. Call!field.
JEFFERY fluDso
; ill the vic'lV of" T"eubaÜr
.:"
5 f . fjparro'lv, ] 800.
JEFFERY HUDSON; whole If'llg'lh, with II dog".
D. lJIytens,. JaJJzes StO'll), 1810.
JEFFERY HUDSON, &c. copied jac-sinzile fronl the
orig'inal print of AI. D. (lJIartin Drocshollt), by
B. Reading'.
At Petworth is a whole length of Henrietta Maria, with Jeffery
l-Iudson, by Vandyck. There is another in the possession of Lord
l\Iilton.
This diminutive creature, when he was about s
ven or eight years
of age, was served up to table, in a cold pie, at Burghley on the
Ifill, the seat of the Duke of Buckingham; and as soon as he maùe
his appearance, pr
sented by the ùutchess to the queen, who re-
tained him in her service. * He was then seven or eight ycars of
· The king's gigantic porter once drew him out of his pocket, in a masque at
court, to the surprise of all the spectators.
246 ß lOG 11..\ P II LeA L II 1ST 0 n y
age, and but eighteen inches in height. He is said not to have
grown any taller, till after thirty, when he shot up to three feet
nine inches. Soon after the breaking out of the civil war, he was
made captain of the royal army. In 1644, he attended the queen
into France, where he had a quarrel with Mr. Crofts, whom he
challenged. Crofts came to the place of appointment, anned only
with a squirt. A real duel soon after ensued, in which the antago-
nists engaged on horseback, with pistols. Crofts was shot dead
with the first fire. Jeffery returned to England at the restoration,
and was afterward confined in the Gatehouse on a suspicion of being
concerned in the popish plot. He died under confinement, in the
sixty-third year of his age. See more of him in the "Anecdotes
of Painting," ii. p. 8,9, 10, whence the above account is extracted.
In Ashmole's
luseum are his waiscoat, breeches, and stockings.
The former is of blue satin, slashed, and ornamented with pinked
white silk. The two latter are of one piece of blue satin.
FRANCIS BATTALIA, an Italian that s\vallowed
stones. rIollat' f. 16-11; h. she
FRANCIS BATTALIA. "rrhe true portraiture of a
Roman youth whose strange birth and life cannot
sufficiently be adn1ired," &c. &c. whole length,. llo/ding'
it g'lass in one haud, lInd in the other a }Jlate 'loitlz stones.
(}{/u!field, 1794.
The following strange account is given us of this person, by 1\11'.
Boyle, and a much stranger by Dr. Bulwer; I shall transcribe
theln both: "Not long ago, there was here in England, a private
soldier, very famous for digesting of stones; and a very inquisitive
man assures me, that he knew him familiarly, and had the curiosity
to keep in his company for twenty-four hours together, to watch
him, and not only observed that he eat nothing but stones in that
time, but also that his grosser excrement consisted chiefly of a
sandy substance, as if the devoured stones had been in his body
dissolved, and crumbled into sand." -Boyle's " Exp. Philos."
Part II. Essay III. p. 86.
Dr. Bulwer says, he "saw the man, and that he was an Italiau,
Francis Battalia by name; at that time about thirty years uf age;
and that he was born with two stOllC8 ill oue hand, and oue ill the
OF ENGLAND.
247
.
other; which the child took for his first nourishment, upon the
physicians' advice: and afterward, nothing else but three or four
pebbles in a spoon, once in twenty-four hours, and a draught of
beer after them; and in the interim, now and then a pipe of to-
bacco; for he had been a soldier in Ireland at the siege of l:imeric ;
and, upon his return to London, was confined for some time, upon
suspicion of imposture." Bulwer's" Artificial Changeling," p.
307. He is said, sometimes, to have eaten about half a peck of
stones in a day.
" 1-Ie took tobacco and drank wine or strong drink till he could
neither go nor stand." See Lysons's " Cheshire," p. 563.
LAZARUS and BAPTISTA COI
LEREDO, the
twin brothers; engraved by rIoltar, without his nanze,
1635; wit It a long; inscription in GerJJlaJl.
Another; 4to. by]lf. HaffJlel
.
LAZARUS COLLEREDO. R. S. Kirby e.vc.- 4to.
Of the actual existence of this most extraordinary terror of
nature, Bartholini's account, who saw them at Copenhagen and
Basil, is sufficient; and that they were in England, and exhibited
as a sight, the following notice cannot but sati
fy the most incre-
dulous. Extract from the MSS. of the office-book of Sir Thomas
Herbert, master of the revels to Charles I. frOln which I copied it:*
"For six months a licence granted to Lazarus, an Italian, to
shew his brother Baptista that grows out of his navell and carryes
him at his side-in confirmation of his majesty's warrant granted
unto him to make publique shewe, dated the 4th November, 1637-
It. 138. He hath promist to make it up lOt."
Also in the" Strafford Letter, "vol. ii. p.118, lUr. Gerrard, in a let-
ter to Lord Wentworth, lord-deputy in Ireland, describes them much
in the same manner, only speaks of them as from Savoy, mistaking
probably, Gellf't'a for Genoa, at which place they were certainly
born.
It is extremely remarkable that another object of the same kind,
though not near so nU1Ch a double figure, viz. James Poro, who
;II JA
IES BD1IJLFY.
248 n lOG R...\ P II r C .A L II 1ST 0 It Y
was seen in l.ondon in 1714, should not only be an Italian, but
born at Genoa also, as appears by a mezzotinto print of hiln frOlu
the picture in Sir Hans Sloan's collection.
Innocent N AT. 'VITT; ill a blach
cap,
i'ith two
..favours on it,. he helds a 'wooden sUJord ill his rig'ht liaJl{L
Glover del. et sc. Under the print are fOllr verses.
Innocent N A T. 'V ITT; in Cau!Jz
cld'8 " Relllarkable
Persons."
Nat. "\Vitt was a poor harmless idiot, who was so unhappy as to
be continually teased anfl provoked by the people in the streets,
who were as nluch worse idiots than himself, as an active is worse
than a passive fooL
JOHN BULL and R. FARNAM; [ZDO sluGl1
portraits, cut in 'wood,. elicit holds a book.
" Here Bull and l.'arnam hold their books laid open,
"\Vho of the sword and pestilence have spoken:
And out of witless madness thought to be
Prophets, though poor silk-weavers by degree."
JOlIN BULL and R. FAR
Al\f; ill Cau!Jiehl's " Re-
,}}larkable Pcr
'oJls."
Bull and Farnam, who on several occa
Úons distinguished them-
selves by their vehemence and vociferation in preaching, as well as
by the denunciations of vengeance, and other rant and nonsense
in their writings, were regan]ed by many of t}}e vulgar as men of
an apostolic character. Bull was the more attended to, Lccau
c
he, with a bold front, always took the head, bore ùown every op-
ponent, and roared the louùer of the two.
An anonYlllous head, by IIollar; of a monopolizer
of s\\'eet ,vines; ueal' hhn arc three barrels, orer'll'hic/z
is the 'Ivord "lJJedÙlJJl;" he holds another s11zall one
under his arnz. ÞS f igll of the Bcl!,
'c. bush
' Ol'cr the
OF ENGLAND.
249
Slo'n is inscribed " Good wine needs no bush nor A
b
beli." Under the head are these lines:
" Thou purchas't (Medium) to enrich thyself;
Thy plot was naught, thou must return thy pelf
Unjustly got; besides thou shalt endure
Fa)" sourer sauce to thy sweet wines be sure."
This is the portrait of Alderman Abell, of London, who,
with one Richard Rilvert, was concerned in a fraudulent trans-
action relative to a n1onopol y of sweet wines, for which they were
severely punished, when the parliament undertook the correcting
the illegal patents granted in the reign of Charles I. The particulars
may be seen in the parliamentary history of the times, and the sub-
ject may be farther illustrated by the following transcript of the
title-pages of three curious pamphlets in the possession of Jalnes
Dindley, esq.
" A dialogue or accidental discourse betwixt lVII'. Alderman Abell,
and Richard Kilvert, the two maine projectors for wine, and also
Alderman Abell's wife, &c. contayning their first manner of their
acquaintance, how they began to contrive the patent itself, how
they obtayned it, and who drew the patent. Also in what state
they now stand in, and how they accuse and raile at each other
with invective speeches, &c. with the manner and fashion how pro-
jecting patentees have rod a tilting in a parliament time," &c.
Printed also in the same yeare of grace, 1641.
Another, with a wood-Cllt of the17Z ; the Alde'rnzan wit"
a baTrel under his arm, and tile sig'n of the Bell ove1
his head, ]{ilvert holding' a pa'l'chment scroll, inscribed
" Pattent for Wine ;" black letter, 8 pag'es, 4to. At tile
end, another wood-cut, representing one of theul riding'
'lvith his face to the horse's tail, 'lchich lie holds in one
hand in; the other a flag, inscribed " Tara-tan-tara."
A 'l7zall goes before hint playing on the tabor, others fol-
lo'wÙlg'Lvith halberts, crowd of spectators,
'c.
The copie of a letter sent from the roaring boyes
in Elizium, to the two arrant knights of the grape in
VOl!. I II. 2 K
250 n lOG H...\ P II I C.A L II 1ST 0 n \
lilnbo, ALDER3IA N J\BEL and lVI. KILVE
lT, the two
great projectors for wine, and to the rest of the
\vorshipful brotherhood of that patent. Brought
over lately by Quart Pot, an ancient servant to
Bacchus, \VhOnl for a long time they had m
st cruelly
rackt, but hoped shortly to be restored to his ancient
liberties. Whereunto is added, the oration which
Bacchus nlade to his subjects in the lower world;
published for the satisfaction and benefit of hig
subjects here; 4to. IG41; a POeJJl.
T\vo oval wood-cut portraits; KILVERT with his
patent in his hand, a glass and a wine llleasure on a
table by hin1, ABEL "\vith his rebus of a Bell, and
cask under his arm, standing by him. The last dis-
course betwi,xt Master ABEL, and 1\tIaster RICHARD
KILVERT, interrupted at the first by an angry
gentle\V0111an, who being herself unkno\vn unto the
observer of this conferrence, it was conceived by
him afterward to be a certain friend of lVlr. Abel's;
a 'wood-cut. 1ico 'JJzen and a 'lV011lan sitting' at a table, on
1.vliicll lies a paper, probably the patent,. 4to. 1 G4] .
Another curiolls tract ."-
" Reader here you'l plainly see
Judgement perverted by these three:
A Priest, a Judge, a Patentee."
Written by Thomas Heywood. Printed in the happy yeare of
grace 1641.
With wood-cut of Archbishop Laud, Lord Finch, and
Abel. Title and ð-l.V pag'es.
An exact legendary, compendiously containing
the ,vhole life of ALDERl\IAN ABEL, the nlaine pro-
OF ENG LAN D.
251
jector and patentee for the raising of wines, &c. &c.
bifore ILis hOllse (!tolding his patent), on tlie top Of'lo/Ûclt
is a bell
' A. B. on each side,. !tis 'lVifC in a/lother COJJl-
partlnent sitting" on a goos
,. a sheet; B. L. 1 64 I ; 'rare.
ABEL and KILVERT, two wine projectors. TV: Riclt-
ardson; fro7Jl a curiolls U)OOd-Cllt.
It is well known that monopolies, which were carried to a great
height, were also abolished in this reign.
SIR GILES MOMPESSON. In three divisions:
first, Sir Giles insulting tlte 'Jlzistress of the Bell inn,
'loho defends herself'lvitlt a lJpit. He holds II patcnt in
his left nand,. in tlte 17ziddle he is Tcpresentcd running'
a'loay for the seJjeant at arUlS, and ill the last is 'loalkillg;
Oll crutches,
'c.
Y.:. Tare.
Silo Giles M0111peSSOn, a gentleman otherwise of good parts,
Lut for practising sundry abuses in erecting and setting up new
inns and alehouses, and exacting great sunlS of rnoney of people,
by pretence of letters patent granted to him for the purpose, was
censured by par1ialnent, l\larch 17, 1620-1; was sentenced to be
degraded, and disabled to bear any office in the Commonwealth,
though he avoided the _ execution by flying the land; but upon
Sir Francis Michell, a justice of peace of Middlesex, and one of the
chief-agents; the sentence of degradation was executed, and he
Inade to ride with his face to the horse's tail through the city of
London. Vide Baker's "Chronicle."
JOJ-IANNES CLA VEL, .ÉEtatis Sllæ 25.. Robert
.1lJiglulJl cre. 1628; four En...!.5'!islt vcrses. Before
"./1 llecantation of an ill-spent Life, or a Discoveric (if
tIle IIig1l-way La1o, with vcltenlCJlt Dissuasions to all (ill
that ](ind) Offenders. As a/so callÜ:lous AdJJlOllitioflS
hOlD to shun and lljJprehcnd a Thicf/' E5'c. 4to. The third
edition of this palllphlet was published in 1634. I.-
252 ß lOG ILA P II I C
\ l.4 II 1ST 0 It Y
is said to have been approyed by the king, and pub-
lished by his express command.
JOHANNES CLAVEL; in ("{luijield's "llelJzarkablc
Persons."
This person, who had a liberal education, appears to have been
in great necessity when he first took to the highway. To his re-
cantation, which is written in an humble strain of poetry, are pre-
fixed a great number of dedications, both in verse anù prose. They
are addressed to the king, queen, privy council, clergy, judges, and
others; and, an10ng the rest, to Sir Willimn Clavel, knight ban-
neret, to whom he was heir at law, and whOln he had grossly
injured. He was condemned with several others of his gang, but
found meaus to procure a reprieve. It appears fCOln his verses to
the queen, that she was his intercessor with the king to save his
life. He expressed, when under sentence of death, and indeed
afterward, the strongest marks of penitence for his crimes. He
appears to have been extremely impatient of confinement; and the
drift of his dedications was to procure his enlargement. It seems,
froln the last edition of his" Recantation," published in 16a4, that
be was then living, and at liberty, and totally reformed.
MALL* CUT-PURSE; a 'JJlasculine
DOUlllll lit {[
171an'S dress,. an ape, Zion, and eag'Ze, by her.
" See here the presidess 0' the pilf'ring trade,
IVlercury's second, Venus's only maid;
Doublet and breeches, in a un'form dress,
'I'he female humorist, a kickshaw mess:
Here's no attraction that your fancy p;recl
;
But if her features please not, read her feats."
Duodecinzo. B(fore her Life, 1662.
MALL CUT-PURSE, &c. JJZ Richardson.
· A contraction ofl\Iary: it is still used in the west, among the COlll1l10U people.
Hence is dcrive{l the diminutive l\Ialkin (or l\Ia\\ kin, a kind of loose 1II0p, maùe of
cluuts for swecping the oven), a tcrm ofl{'n npplicù to a <li. ty :Jlatlcrnly wench.; but
it originally higu" fÌC& 110 more than little 1\1011.
o I.' EN (; LA_N D.
'25:3
MALL CUT-PURSE, &c. in Cau!/icÜ[s " RCl71arlt'able
Persons."
This notorious woman is mentioned by Butler and Swift, in the
following lines:
" He TroHa lov'd, TroHa more bright,
rrhan burnish'd armour of her knight:
A bold virago, stout and tall
As Joan of France, or English ]-Iall."-HuD.
" The ballads pasted on the wall,
Of Joan of France, and ET/glish lUaU."
B.\ UCIS and PIlI LE l\:IO X .
-
Mary Frith, or Moll Cut-purse, a woman of a masculillc spirit
and make, who was commonly supposed to have been an henna-
phrodite, practised, or was instrumental to almost every crime and
wild frolic which is notorious in the most abandoned and eccentric
of both sexes. She was infamous as a prostitute and a procuress,
a fortune-teller, a pick-pocket, a thief, and a--receiver of stolen
goods:* she was also concerned with a dexterous scribe in forging
hands. Her most signal exploit was robbing General Fairfax upon
Hounslow I-Ieath, for which she was sent to Newgate, but was, by
the proper application of a large sum of money, soon set at liberty.
She well knew, like other robbers, in high life, bow to make the
produce of her accumulated crimes the means of her protection,
and to live luxuriously upon the spoils of the public. She died of
the dropsy, in the 75th year of her age, but would probably have
died sooner if she had not smoked tobacco, in the frequent use of
which she had long indulged herself. It was at this time almost
as rare a sight to see a woman with a pipe, as to see one of the
sex in man's apparel. Nat. Field, in his comedy, caJled Amends
for the Ladies, has displayed some of the" merry pranks of Moll
C "
nt-purse.
JOHN FELTON, who lJ'labbed tlie Duke '!f BllC!t'-
lngha171" whole lcngth, standing in a rOO1Jl, a It/life in his
hand,. 81Jlall quarto.
This print, which is supposed to be unique, is in the collection
of Benjamin Way, esq. of Denham-court, near Uxbridgc, Ducks.
'" SIlt' made this trade very ddv&lulagn,us, kl\'iug ilclt:d UpOll mud. the samc
V h .111 lhdt Junathan Wild did ill the l"Cign of George 1.
254 ßIO G RAP II I C.A L II 1ST 0 R Y
JOHN FELTON; a'lDood-cllt, representing Ilis stabbing
tlte Duke of Bucking'ha17l.
JOHN }i'ELTON; a copy front the SGl1ze. T. Rodd C.'t'C.
8vo.
John Felton, a person of respectable family, and of good fortune
and reputation, in Suffolk, being bred to the army held the com-
mission of a lieutenant of foot, and served under the Duke of
Buckingham in the expedition against the Isle of Rhe; in dle
retreat from which, his captain being killed, he conceived the com-
pany by right should have been conferred upon him; but being
refused in his suit by the duke, he threw up his commission in dis-
gust, and withdrew himself frOlll the army. About this time the
House of Commons had accused the duke of several misdemeanors
and miscarriages, stylíng' him an enemy to the public. Felton,
who had attended to all the invectives against the duke, some of
which had even been. delivered from the - pulpits in the city, ima-
gined he should do God anù his country a service by putting hin1
out of the way, which he effected by stabbing him, on the eve of
St. Bartholomew, at Portsmouth, where he had gone to make ready
the fleet and arnlY, for the relief of Rochelle, then closely besieged
by Cardinal Richelieu. For this murder the assassin was brought
to trial" found guilty, and hung in chains at Portsmouth,
RICI-IARDUS IIERST, Fidie Odio suspensus
Lancastriæ, 19 Augusti, A. D. 1628.
RICHARD HERST. G. Barrett.
Hichard Her3t, or Hurst, whose head has been engraved among
the clerical martyrs of the church of Rome, was, as Dod iuforms
us, *" a yeoman of considerable substauce, near Preston, in Lanca-
shire. He was executed as the murderer of a pursuivant, who was
COlumissioncd to search his house. As this nlan, like the rest of
his bretbren, had almost an unlimited power, he behaved himself
with such insolence that it excited a scuffle, in which he received a
mortal contusion. The blow was said to have been given by a
· Vol. iii. p. 68.
OF ENGLAND.
255
servant maid. Hurst, as the same author says, suffered death on
the 26th of August, 1628.
MATTHEW HOPKINS, 'lvith t'lVO witches. One
of l!lenz, naJned Holt, is supposed to say, " .iffy ilnpes are,
I. Ileuztluzar; 2. p"ljc-zvackett,. 3. Pecke ill the Crowu;
4. Gric.z;.zcl Greedigutt." lfòllr aJlilJzals attl!lld: JarJJzaru,
{t black doo' , . /jacke and 5 f u o 'ar a hare' ]{ezves a f erret.
ð 0""
Villcg'ar TOJJl, a bull-headed g'rtyhound. This print is
ill t he 1
epysian Library. *
MA TTHE'V IloPKINS; in Caulfield's "Re11zarlcable
I
ersoJls."
MATTHE'V HOPKINS; sJJlall
vhole lellg.th. Caul-
field sc.
Matthew Hopkins, of l\tlaningtree, who was witch-finder for the
associated counties, hanged, in one year, no less than sixty reputed
witches in his own county of Essex.t The old, the ignorant, and
the indigent; such as could neither plead their own cause, nor
hire an advocate, were the miserable victims of this wretch's cre-
dulity, spleen, and avarice. He pretended to be a great critic in
special 'lnarks, which were only moles, scorbutic spots, or warts,
which frequently grow large and pendulous in old age, but were
absurdly supposed to be teats to suckle imps. His ultimate me-
thod of proof was by tying together the thumbs and toes of the
suspected person, about whose waist was fastened a cord, the ends
of which were held on the banks of a river by two men, in whose
power it was to strain or slacken it. Swimming, upon this experi-
ment, was deemed a fun proof of guilt, for which King James, who
is sllid to hare recommended, if lle did not invent it, assigned a ridi-
culous' reason: "That, as such persons have renounced their bap-
tisnl by water, so the water refuses to receive them."! Sometimes
those who were accused of diabolical practices were tied neck and
· Gough's "Anecdotes of Topcgr
phy," p. 495, notes.
t See the account of his Commissiou aud l<:xploits, by himself.
See" The History of i\ludern Enthusiasm," by T. Evans, p. 31, 1st edit.
25G n I 0 C nAP II I C A L II 1ST 011 \P
heels, and tossed into a pond; "If they floated or swam, they were
consequently guiJty, and therefore taken out and burnt; if they
were innocent, they were only drowned."* The experiment of
swimming was at length tried upon Hopkins himself, in his own
way; and he was, upon the event, condemned, and, as it seems,
executed as a wizard. Dr. Zachary Grey says, that he had seen
an account of betwixt three or four thousand persons, who suffered
death for witchcraft, in the king's dominions, from the year 1640,
to the restoration of Charles II.t In a letter from Serjeant 'Vid-
drington to Lord Whitlock, Inention is made of another fellow, a
Scotsman, of the same profession with Hopkins. This wretch
received twenty
hillings a head for every witch that he discovereJ,
and got 301. by his discoveries. t
FLORAM M.A.RCI-IAND ; 'lvhole length,. .wood-cut;
on tILe baclc of the title to tIle "Fallacie of tILe great
vater drinker discovered, fully TejJresellting' what tl1(:
ingorediellts that provoke hhn to
;o wonderful a v017Ût, and
by 'lVhllt art one {!yolass see171cth to be of one co lOll 1'1 and
another of another,. and what he doeth when he taketlt
.. " Universal Spectator," No. 388.
t Grey's "Hudibras," vol. ii. p. 11. Dr. Grey supposes, with great rcason,
that Hopkins is the man meant in the following lines of Butler.
Has not the present parliament
A ledger to the devil sent,
}"ully empower'd to treat about
Finding revolted witches out 1
And has not he, within a year,
Hang'd threescore of 'em in one sl1ire?
Some only for not being drown'd :
And some for sitting ahove ground
"\'Vhole days and nights upon their breeches,
And feeling pain. were hang'd for witches;
And some for putting knavish tricks
Upon green geese and turkey chicks,
Or pigs that suddenly deceast
Of griefs unnat'ral as he guest,
'Yho after prov'ù himself a witch,
.A nd made a rod for his own breech.
lIud. Part ii. Canto iii.
* \\ hitlucl
's H l\Icmorials," p
421.
OF ENGLAND.
257
lhe 'rose 'l{Jate1'1 and the angelica ?vater: hy lIIr. Tholllas
Peedle and lJIr. Tho1Jzas Corbie, 'who þrollg'ht lzÌ171 over
into England from Tozers in France; and afte'r Wed-
nesday ne
't, bein..!J the 26th of this present June, will be
constantlg ready every aficrnoon, if desired, in their 01D}l
persons, to make an e.lperÏ1nental proof of what is here
declared. Anno Donzini, 1650."
A TURKISH ROPE-DANCER. w: Holla1' del.
et fecit; 12nzo.
The only memorial of this man, that is left behind him, is to be
gathered from the ensuing ballad, which it seems was made by an
eye-witness of his performance; it is entitled " A New Song on the
Turkish A rtist, who not long since came into England, anù
danced on a rope eight and thirty feet from the ground."
A Wight there is, come out of the East,
A mortal of great fame;
He looks like a man, for he is no beast,
Yet he has never a christen-name.
Some say he's a Turk, some call him a Jew,
For ten that bely bim, scarce one tells true,
Let him be what he will, 'tis all one to you;
But yet hc shall bc a Turk.
This Turk, as I said in the versc before,
Is a very fine tawny thing;
If I tell you his gifts, you can ask no more,
He can fly without any wing.
He towers like a falcon over the people,
Before he comes down he's as high as Paul's steeple,
'Tis strange he makes not himself a creeplc,
But yet be shall be a Turk.
On a sloping cord he'll go you shall see,
Even from the very ground,
Full sixty foot high whcre I would not be
Though you'd give me a thousand pound.
First he stands and makes faces, and looks down belcw,
Would I had twelve pence for each coulc1 not do so,
By my trotb I'dc ncver make ballad mo, .
Uut yct he shall be a Turk.
VOL. III.
2L
258
n lOG R ...\ P JI Ie _\ L II I" TOR Y
REMARI(S ON DRESS.
In this reign, the hat continued to be worn with much such a
sort of crown as that described in the reign of Elizabeth; but the
brinl was extended to a reasonable breadth. Hats inclining to a
cone, a figure very ill adapted to the human head, occur in the
portraits of this time.
The hair was worn low on the forehead, and generally unparted:
some wore it very long, others of a moderate length. The king,
and consequently many others, wore a love-lock on the left side,
which was considerably longer than thp rest of the hair.* The
unseemliness of this fashion occasioned l\lr. Prynne to write a book
in quarto, against love-Iocks.t
The beard dwindled very gradually 'under the two Charleses till
it was reduced to a slender pair of whiskers. It became qllite ex-
tinct in the reign of James II. as if its fatality had been connected
with that of the house of Stuart.t
· Peck's C( Desiderata Curiosa," ii. lib. xv. p.
1. "ihen the lock was cut off,
may be seen at p. 561, of some papers published by T. Hearne, at the end of
" WALTER HEMINGFORD."
t This book, which is written in the true spirit of the times, is well wortb the
notice of my readers, espccially the ladies. It is entitled, "The Unlove1inc&s of
Love-Iocks,
or a summary Discourse, proving the 'Vearing and Nourishing of
Locks or Love-locks, to be altogether unseemly and unlawful unto Christian;;;; in
which there are likewise some passages out of the Fathers, against Face Painting;
the 'IV caring of supposititious, powdcred, or extraordinary long Hair; and the
'Vomen's mannish, unnatural, impudcnt, unclJristian cutting of the Hair," &c.
16
8, in twel ve sheets, 4to.
How would Prynne lJave exclaimed, if he had seen such bushes of hail' as the
ladies bore upon their hcads in the last and present year!1I Bushes so enormous
that. they seemed to req llire the tonsure of a gardener's shears, instead of scissars, to
reùuce thcm to tolerable dimensions. Among all the strange Gothic figures which
I have seen, I never met with so mom-trous a disproportion as that betwixt the
female head and limbs at this period; even the long and large hoop was wanting
to keep it in countenance.
The hair of the" committee cut/' as it was called. was remarkably short; not
unlike that in the print before Birkellhead's "Character of an Assembly-man."
t For an account of the various kinds of beards worn in this and the former
reign, see John TayIo1"s u 811pcrbiæ Flagellum," or Grey's" I111dibras," vol. i.
p. 300, edit. 1.
It appears that Charles I. cut off his love-Jock in the year 1646. It is obvious
to rcmark here, that his present majesty cut off his hair soon after his return from
Portsmouth, in 1773. Numbers now begin to find that they grow gray, and are
troubled with the headache II 1773.
OF ENGLAND.
259
The ruff, wbich of all fantastic modes maintaincd its possession
the longest, was worn, for some time after the accession of Charles;
but it had almost universally given place to the falling band, when
Vandyck was in England.
Sla
hed doublets
doublets with slit s1cevcs, and cloaks, were
much in fashion.
Trunk breeches, one of the most monstrous singularitics of dress
even seen in this, or any other age, were worn in the reigns of
James and Charles I.
1641-The forked shoes came into fashion, being almost as
long again as tIle feet, and not less an impediment to the action of
the foot than to reverential devotion. Short feet were soon thought
to be more fashionable.
1650-Mel1 and women brought down the hair of their heaùs to
cover their foreheads, so as to lHeet their eyebrows.
163-1-1t was not till the reign of Charles 1. that one Captain
Dailey, of the navy, erected four hackney coaches, put his men in
livery, and appointed them to ply at the May-pole, in the Strand.
I-Iackney chairs were soon after introduced.
The points, which formerly used to be
een hanging about the
waist, are seen dangling at the knees, in some of the portraits of
this period.
Little flimsy Spanish leather boots, and spurs, were much worn
by gentlemen of fashion. It was usual for the beaus in England
and France,t to call for their boots, and some tl}ink their spurs too,
when tht>y were going to a ball, as they very rarely wore the one
without the other.
.1\lr. Peck, the antiquarian, informs us, that he had in his pos-
session, a whole length portrait of Charles, the dress of which he
thus describes: "lIe wore a falling band, a short green douùlet,
the arm-parts, toward the shoulder, wide and slashed; zig-zag
turned up ruffles; very long green breeches (like a Dutchman),
tied far below knee, with long yellow ribands; red stockings, great
shoe-roses, and a short red doak, lined with blue, with a star on
the sllOulder." t
L
dies wore their hair low on the forehead, and parted in small
· A medal of Charles I. in p. 104 of Evel,yn's "Numism;:)ta," represents him
with a ruff; another, I>. 108, with a falling band. The' author obscrves that the
bishops, and the judgcs 1 were the last that laid the ruff aside.
t See Bruyere.
* r
ck':s "Desiùerata Curiosa," ii. lib. J\.\". p.
1.
200
BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTOR Y
ringlets. l\Iany wore it curled Jike a peruke, and some braided
and rounded in a knot, on the top of the crown. They frequently
wore strings of pearls in their hair. Ear-rings, necklaces, bracelets,
and other jewels, were also much worn.
Laced handkerchiefs, resembling the large falling band worn by
the men, were in fashion among the ladies: this article of dress
has been lately revived, and called a Vandyck."
l\'Iany ladies, at this period, are painted with their arms and their
bosoms bare; and there is no doubt but they sometimes went with
those parts exposed.
Cowley, in his discourse "Of Greatness," censures some enor-
mities in the dress of his time, in the following terms: "Is any
thing more common than to see our ladies of quality wear such
high shoes as they cannot walk in without one to lead them! And
a gown as long again as their body; so that they cannot stir to the
next room, without a page or two to hold it up ?"
The citizens' wives, in this reign, seem to have had their domestic
sumptuary laws, anf! to have adopted the frugal maxims of thcìr
husbands. There appears from Hollar's habitst to have been a
much greater disparity, in point of dress, betwixt them and the
ladies of quality, than betwixt the former, and the wives of our
present yeomanry.
The dress of religion gave the highest offence to some gloomy
zealots in this reign, who were determined to strip her of her white
robe,:t to ravish the ring from her finger, to despoil her of every
ornament, and clothe her only in black.
· It was rcvived by Lady Dyscrt, "]\0 is said to have f.aken her banc1kercl1icf
from a portrait of Henrietta Maria.
t Entitled II Theatrum l\Iulicrum," &c.
t The surplice, which was in derision called II a rag of popery," gave grcat
offence to many women of nice mo()csty and tender consciences, who thought it
highly indecent that a man should wear II a shirt upon his clothes." The devout
women in these days seem to have regarded this vestment with different eyes from
those of an honest country girl at Christ Church, in Oxford, who, upon seeing the
students returning from prayers in their surplices, blesseci herself, and, in mJ hearing..
said, with an ecstatic emphasis, that theJ looked like so many angels in white.
The matrimonial ring and the sqnare cape wcrc, by the Puritans, held in equal
detestation with the surplice, the liturgy, and church-music. The device 011 the
standard of Colonel Cook, a parliamentarian of Gloucestershire, was a man in.
armour cutting off the corner of a sqnare cap with a s\\'01"<.I. His motto was,
l\Iutu quadrata ,'otundis,
alluding to the well-known appcllat:on of the puritan party.
OJ.... ENGLAND.
261
API:)ENDIX
TO
THE REIGN OF CHARLES I.
FOREIGN PRINCES" ALLIED TO TIlE
ROYAL FAMILY.
MARIA, de Medices, regina Franciæ, triunl renum
l11ater. P. Pontius sc. Vandyck p. Martin Vanden
EJlden
: e.'l'c. It. sh.
l\1:.ARY, oflVledicis (or Medices), thequeen-nlother;
'lvitlt a view of the gYlte at St. JaJlzes's. VeT'tue sc. A head-
piece ill .V{tller's Works,. 4to.
MARIA de Medicis; 8vo. Pourbus; J. C. Viriigcr.
MARIA de Medicis. Hondius.
lVIARIA de Medicis ; fol. Wieri..1\
MARIA de Medicis; whole length, scated on a
throne, inscribed "La Courollne de Justice;" four
French verses.
l\'IAR r A de l\ledicis; fzvo ullg'cls Itoldiug a crO'lVJl ovcr
her head,. four French verses. Crispin de Passc sc.fec.
11 The plates of many of Vandyck's heads. and some of Ilis historical picces, were
deB \'ercd to Vandcll Euclca, as 80011 as they came out of the cngraver's hand
:
thosc wrought off by him are valuable for the goodness of the impression.
262 n lOG RAP III CAL II I ST 0 It Y
IVI A R r A de Medicis; p,'qfi/e,. 'lVOOd-Cllt,. inscribed
" lJlaria fiIcdici f. Jl1DC.LY.LY.Ll. V II." rare.
MAR r A ùe Medicis; in an oval; 8vo. fOllr French
verses. Petrus ]?irens fecit.
IVIARIA Medicis, dressed in black. Le Blond C.l'C.
There are several portraits of her in the Luxemburg gallery, par-
ticularly
n the beautiful print of her coronation. That print resem-
bles the fine medals of her engraved by Du Pres, in some of which
she is represented with Henry IV.
Mary of Medicis was queen of Henry IV. of France, with whom
she lived in very little harmony.*' Henry, like his granùson Charles I I.
was too general an admirer of the sex to maintain the least ap
ear-
ance of .fidelity in the marriage state. It was even whispered that
his inconstancy was the occasion of his death, and that it was not
without the privity of Mary. She was by the king her hu
})and
c.1ppointed regent of France, during the minorit.y of her son; and
governed that kingdom under the influence of the l\larquis of Ancre,
bel' favourite, and his lady. The former was assassinated by the
encouragement of the young king; the latter was burnt for a witch
but professed that she had no other power over the queen, than a
stronger has over a weaker bead.-In 1640 Mary was, by the vio-
lence of a faction formed against her, driven to seek refuge in Eng-
land, which was itself a scene of faction and tumult: she was even
insulterl by the populace in the streets of London, on account of her
religion. \Valler wrote a copy of verses on her landing.t
GULIELlVIUS, princeps Auriacus, COUles Nas-
saVlæ, &c. Ale.l'aJlder Cüoper }). lIenr. 11ondÙl8 /J'C.
I 64 I .
· Onc of the famous wisk
s of Henry IV. "hich he a\'owcù to the Duke of 8uJJy
was, that he might be (airly rid of l\Iargaret his first queen. This was probaLl,y his
:silcnt wish, at least, with respect to l\Iary.
t There is a print b}/ M. Lasne, o.fteJ' Valld,ycl" il1sc1'i
ed "lOA NNES PUGI-:T Dl, LA
SERR E, a supremis Cunsiliis Regis Chri
tianissil1li Consiliarius dignis5imus, Gallicc
Histuriugraphus clo<]llcntissimus, et quillquaginta liLrorml1 Auctor cclcLcrril1lus."
As this person has, in a folio vulunw,
ivcu an accuunt of the receptiun and cutcr-
tainmC'ut uf l\Iary (;[ 1\1cùicis in .England, it is pruuablc that he "as one of hcr
train. Ilullar did scvcral curious prints for tlJÍs bOük.
OF ENGLAND.
263
,V I LLI A 1\J, prince of Orange, &c. a sl1zall head,
1J llIarsltall, in the sallze plate with tILe PrillcessllIary,
his cOJ/sort.
,"T I LLI Al'tI, prince of Orange, after VaJld.!}ck, a sJ7lall
"aif leJlf!,'tlt. G. "Vertue f. nzez'z.
WILLIA1\I, prince of Orange, father of King'Vil-
liam, attended by a person on horseback. Terbll1
'1t p.
(}ajJl. Baillie sc. h. sh. III the nzanner of RC17zbrandt.'
W ILLIAJ\I, prince of Orange, on horseback, ill
ar17zour, hat alldfeather,. two Cupids èrowning' hÙJl witlt
laurel,. view of a battle, Eb"c. 16-15. J. Levecque.
WI LLIAl\I, &c. in a1
J1l0ll1
. HOJldtIz01
.st; Queboren;
ftL .
W ILLIAJ\I, &c. on horsebaclc; Itat and featlLer;
Allardt,. sheet.
WILLIAl\I, &c. Æt.9, 1635; fol. lJIeriveldt; Delff.
WILLIAM, &c. in a Vandyck dress; cap andfeatlIer,-
1Jlezz. A. V. D!Jck.
WI LLI A}\;I, &c.
vhole leng,th. Honthorst; Sallier,
1781; sheet.
W ILLIAl\I, &c. JJï: Sllerwin sC. S1Jlalt folio.
W ILLIAJ\f, &c. Deljf,. half sheet.
'V I LLIAJ\I, &c. 4to. De Jode e
l'C.
W ILLIAl\I, prince of Orange, &c. by Faitllornc.
Sold by Robert Peake,. fol.
264 BY OC RAPIIICA L HIST 0 R Y
WI LLIA
r, prince of Orange, &e. Peter Quast;
Cr is. van Queboren scul.
WI LLIA 1\1, prince of Orange, born 1627; married
23d May, 1641; holding hat andfeatlzer; whole leJl
.th.
lIoltar,. rare.
A Copy. w: Richardson.
This young prince, before he was fifteen years of age, was raar-
Tied to Mary, eldest daughter of Charles I. who was then in her
eleventh year. The marriage was celebrated at St. James's tIle 22d
of February, 1640-1. He succeeded his father in all his honours
and commands, the 23d of Jan. 1648.-He was a man of courage,
ambition, and enterprise; and there is great reason to believe that
he intended to make himself absolute; as he actually made an at-
tempt to seize Amsterdam; but he did not succeed. He died of
the small-pox, the 6th of Nov. 1650, in the twenty-fourth year of
his age. I t was surmised that the chagrin, occasioned by bis dis-
appointment, contributed to his death. His posthumous son, \Vil-
liam, did not only preserve the republic of Holland, but delivered
Great Britain from arbitrary power, and made a noble and effectual
stand against the dangerous ambition of France, which threatened
the liberties of Europe.
KNIGHTS OF THE GARTER, &e.
CLAUDE DE LORRAINE, due de Chevreuse,
pair de France, &c. 4to.
Installed
Decem.
1623.
This duke, who was brother to Charles, duke of Guise, was the
king's proxy when he espoused the Princess Henrietta, whom he
attended into England in quality of ambassador extraol'dil1ary.* He
· Sir John Finet informs us,t that the king went to meet his consort I\t Canter-
bury; and that the mayor " borrowed the recorder, master Henry Finch's mouth,
for a welcoming speech;" by which expedient he acquitted himself with much ele-
gance.
t II Philoxenis," p. 152.
OF .ENGLAND..
2G5
was a man of an active and restless disposition, like several others
of his house, and was remarkable for his animosity against the Pro-
testants. He died of an apoplexy, the 24th of Jan. 1667.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, king of Sweden, &c. EJected
1621.
(knight of the Garter). T.Ceeill se. 4to.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; 4to. W. .lJ:larshall seulp.
Sold by Tho. Jenner.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; sheet. JJf. Mierevelt p.
W. Delff; 1633.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; 4to.. ilL D. ('roeshout);
sial' English verses.
GUSTA VUS ADOLPHUS, &c. S. Furck.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, &c. eighteen Latin verses.
P. Virg'il
Iaro fee.
GUST A VUS ADOLPHUS; on horsebaclc, in arl1lOllr;
hand fronz the clouds holding a sword,. sheet. Fran.
Ilocills e
rc.
GUSTA vus ADOLPHUS, &c. L. ](illian; 1630.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; sheet. lJI.Lasne etJ.Brio!.
GUST A VUS ADOLPHUS; Izalf slzeet ,. four LatinlÎnes.
T. 7'orzi fee.
GCSTAYUS ADOLPHUS, on horseback at the battle of
Leipsic, 'with ViC1DS of cities, to'll'JlS,
c. lfIonco'l'net e.rc.
sheet,. fine.
IIis portrait, by l\Iierevclt, is in the collection of Charle
.Ten-
IH'nH, efo:q. in Ormond-ßtre{'t, where there are many more paintings.
VOL. II I. 2 :\1
2ûû
BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTORY
Sweden, which had been overlooked in the political system of
Europe, soon became considerable, by the heroic courage and re-
fined politics of Gustavus Adolphus. This great man seemed to
be rising apace upon the ruins of the empire, which was extremely
weakened by his victories. He made as rapid a progress in his
conquests, as his successor Charles XII. and being a much more
profound politician, held almost all Christendon1 in anxious sus-
pense, as his designs were impenetrable. He was killed the 16th*
of Nov. 1632, at the battle of Lutzen, where his army gained a
complete victory over the Imperialists. He was father to Christina,
queen of Sweden, of :whom Gaywood has given us a print, and
Misson a picturesque description of her person.t The" Life of
Gustavus Adolphus," was lately published by l\Ir. Walter Harte,.
canon of 'Vindsor.
HENRICUS FREDERICUS, princeps Arausio-
.. According to other accounts the 6th.*
t See l\Iisson's letter from Rome in his II Travels." Some curious particulars
relative to her character, are in Lord Lyttleton's II Dialogues of the Dead."
t There have been various reports about the manner in which the grcat Gus-
ta\"us Adolphus, the asserter of Gcrman liberty, lost his life. Some say he was
assassinated by the direction of Cardinal IticheIieu. Puffenùorf in his" History of
Sweden," says, he lost his life by the hands of Francis Albert, duke of Luncnburg,
one of his generals, who was bribed by the Imperialists. But in the archives of
Sweden there hath lately been found a letter, which sets this matter in a different
light. It was written Jan. 21, 1725, by 1\lr. Andrew Gædny, provost of the chapter
of Vexis, to 1\Ir. Nicholas Hawesdon Dahl, secretary of the archives of Swedcn: the
substance of it is as follows.-" Being in Saxony in 1685, I discovered, by a happy
chance, the circumstances of the death of King Gustavus Adolphus. That great
prince had gone, only attended by one domestic, to reconnoitre the enemy. It
bcing a very thick fog, he unfortunately feIJ in with a post of the imperial troops,
who fired upon him, and wounded him, but did not kill him. The servant, in
bringing the king back to tbe camp, dispatched him with a pistol, and took the
glasses which the king used on account of his being near-sighted. I bought thosc
spectacles from the dean of N aumbourgh. The man who killed the king was ,'ery
old, and at the point of death when I was in Saxony. A relllor:sc of his crime
troubled him extremely, and his conscience gave him no rest. He sent for the
a hove-mentioned dean, and confessed to him his horrid crime, with all its circum-
stances. From this dean lleamt them, ,\ hich I have deposited among the arcJlivcs
of Sweòen. 1 immediately wrote thc!'e particulars from (Jermany to Baron PU{fl'll-
dorf, that he might in::.ert them in his II istory of Swedl'n. Il e wrote me an answer
that hig Listo(y was already printed in Hulland, and that he had followed, in his
lIi1rr.llÏulI of his e,-ents, thc scntimcnts of Chemintz," &c. &c.
OF ENGLA.ND.
267
.
nensium (Periscelidis eques). A. Vandyck p. P. Pon-
tÙtS sc. in arnlour,jine; lar
'e she
There is a curious print of flinl on his death-bed, with
IÛsfanlily andfriends about hÏ1n, in Cats's Works.
HENRY :FREDERICK; whole leng;th; Latin inscl"iptioll.
w: Akersloot, 1628.
HENltY FREDERICK. F. Brun.
I-lENItY FREDERICK. C. v. Dalen.
HENRY FREDERICK, richly drcst with a trunclzeon.
lV. Delph sc.
HENRY FREDERICK, Æt. 43. Hondius.
HENRY FREDERICK. Van D!Jck pinæ. P. deJode sc.
HENRY FREDERICK; large folio. S. Passe.
I-IENRY FREDERICK, in an oval; elevated on a tll'rouc
q! steps, witlt 'J7lany e1Jzblenlatical jig'ures; fourteen
Latin verses; larg'e sheet. A. Newland; S. Passe, 1627.
HENRY FREDERICK; oval. Passe.
l-IE
RY FREDERICI{ ; fol. in an oval. G. HontlLorst;
J. vall JJIeurs sc.
I-lE
RY FREDERICK; oval quarto. C. V. Qucboren.
HEN.RY FREDERICK. Van Dyck; C. Waumans.
IIEXRV FREDERICK; whole IcngtlL, 7L'ilh English
inscription. P. 5'tcnt e.Æ'C.
268 BIO GRAPHICA L 1l1STOR Y
HEI:\RY FREDERICK; on Itis deatlt-bed, with '1nany
portraits. C.
Dalen; half sheet.
Elected
16
7.
Henry Frederick, son of William I. prince of Orange, and brother
to Prince Maurice, succeeded the latter, who was never married,
in his command, in the Low Countries. He was, in every respect,
worthy of his illustrious house; and was inferior to his brother
Maurice only in the number of his victories. lIe was particularly
remarkable for gaining several important conquests, with the loss of
but few men, and was called " the father of his soldiers." He died
at the Hague, the 14th of March, 1647. '\Villiam II. prince of
Orange of that name, was his son, and William III. who became
king of England, his grandson.
FERDINANDUS II. Medices, magnus dux
Hetruriæ quintus. Lucas ](ilian; AugustaJlus sc.
1628; 4to.
FERDIN ANDUS II. srnallfolio; rieh ornanzcnted bor...
der of medals. Joan. Gellefec. et e
l'c.
FERDINANDUS II. A. V. Dye/í'" LothariJYlls, i. e.
Loronese.
Ferdinand II. grand duke of Tuscany, succeeded his father,
Cosmo II. in 1621, and died in 1670.-Mr. Kennedy, who pub-
lished " A Description of Pictures," &c. at the Earl of Pembroke's,
at 'Vilton, informs us, at page 20 of his book, edit. 1758, that
" A Silenus and Bacchus, a very fine group, and a Flora, Loth of
dle Parian marble, were a present to the first Philip, earl of Pem-
broke, by the Duke of Tuscany, who, in King Charles the First's
time, was in England, and resided with the said earl, three weeks.
It is very certain that his son, Cosmo III. was here in the following
reign."
PETRUS DE BERULLE, Cardinalis, Con-
gregat. Orat. D. J. Institutor. ChalJlpaignc jJ. N. de
Plate lJIontaip;Jle se. 1661; h. sit.
OF ENGLAN]).
.
2Gü
PETRUS DE BERULLE. V. Lochon, 1657.
PETRUS DE BERULLE; in Pcrrault; J. Lubin.
Peter de BeruBe was son of Claude BeruBe, a judge of eminence,
and a counsellor in parliament, by Louisa Seguier, sister to the
chanceIJor. He first established the Spanish order of Carmelite
nuns in France, and had the principal hand in the establishment of
the fathers of the Oratory. He was a man of various learning, and
of a pious and humble character, and was remarkable for carrying
the hod, in building a chapel for these fathers. He industriously
declined honours and preferments, and made a vow never to accept
of a cardinal's hat. But when he went to Rome to procure a dis-
pensation for the marriage of Henrietta Maria with the King of
England, he so far gained the esteem of the pope that he sent a hat
before him into France, together with an absolution from his vow,
and an order to accept it. He attended Henrietta into England,
where he was treated with great distinction, and received abundant
marks of esteem. lIe died in the act of celebrating 111a8s;* the 2d
of Oct. 1629, in the 55th year of his age. It was at his instance
tbat Descartes came to a re30lution of publishing his philosophy;
and that, in consequence of that deterlnination, he retired into HoI-
land. BeruBe's character, together with his print, is in Perrault's
fine book, entitled" Les Hommes illustres," &c. 1696, in two vo..
lumes folio; a work which does great honour to the French nation.
he late rdr. Bateman had a curious carving of the cardinal, which
resembles his engraved portrait.
MESSIRE CHARLES DE LA UBESPINE,
marquis de Chateau N euf, &c. ambassador extraord.
en Angleterre, ou il conclude la Paix entre deux
Couronnes, en 1630, &c. 4to. in Darct's "Itlust.
Frenclnnen."
FRANCISCUS DE BASSOMPIERRE,lnarchio
d'IIarovel, Galliarum polenlarchus generalis, IIcl-
vetiorum et Rhætorum præfectus. J1I. Las/lc del. ct
8C. in ar1JlOltr; It. sh.
.. The worthy author of this book died in the act of adminÌ1)trating the communion.
2iO nIOGR.APIIIC
\.L IIISTOR Y
FRANCOIS DE BASSOl\IPIERRE, marechal de France;
Ul an oval,. 8vo. J. LaJJlsveld fee.
Francis de Bassompierre, knight of the orders to Lewis XIII.
and marshal of France, was descended from a noble family in Lor-
rain, the head of which, as the marshal himself informs us, sprung
from the commerce of a woman with a spirit. He acted in a military
capacity, in several memorable battles and sieges; particularly át
the famous siege of Rochelle; and on all occasions gave signal
proofs of his valour and conduct. He was no less remarkable for
his amours,*" of SOllie of which he has given us the history. He
was employed in several embassies by Lewis, who sent him into
England in the beginning of the reign of Charles. In 1631 he was
sent to the Bastile, where he continued a prisoner as long as Car-
dinal Richelieu lived. Here he \\Tote his " Memoirs," and his
" Remarks on Dupleix's History of Lewis XII!." Mr. \Valpole, in
his advertiselnent prefixed to Hentzner's " Journey to England,"
has justly censured hin1 for not knowing even the names of severa]
things of which he has written. He calls York-house Jorchaux,
and Kensington Inhimthort. Ob. 1646.
CARDINA1
CHARLES ROSSETTI; a 1Jlcdal-
lion, in the " ./Edcs Barbcrinæ."
CHARLES ROSSETTI. C. Bloma1't.
CHARLES ROSSETTI; a circle. JV: Richardson.
Cardinal Rossetti, a man of a haughty and aspiring disposition,
who was bold and active in the advancement of papal power, was
sent in the character of nuncio into England. He had a great sway
over Henrietta Maria; of which the parliament loudly complained
in their declarations.t He was afterward sent in the same cha-
racter into Ireland, where he took upon him the command of that
nation, as a people subject to the pope. The Irish, who were then
in arms, were so impatient of this domineering zealot, that they be-
sieged him in \Vaterford, which occasioned him to return to Italy
with secrecy and precipitation; as he perceived t.hat the bigoted
.. See Baylc's " Diet." art. TOUCHET, note (C).
t 16.H.
OF ENG LAND.
271
Catho1ic
themselves were too much exasperated to pay any defe-
rence to a tyrant, though iLJ.vested with a sacred character, and armed
with the thunders of the Vatican. He, at his departure, left the
kingdOln under an interdict, as an apostate nation.*
HENRY DE SENNETERE, duc, pair, et mare-
chal de France, marquis de Ia Ferté, &c. De Lar-
'Jnessin se. larg'e 4to.
Sennetere was a man perfectly qualified to act the part of an in-
cendiary betwixt the king and parliament, for which purpose he
was sent in the quality of ambassador into England; and had the
satisfaction, when he left it, of having effectuaHy served Card)nal
Richelieu and the popular leaders in the House of Commons, by
doing his utnlost to kindle and foment a war, which was like to end
in the ruin of the royal party, and the extinction of monarchy. The
reasons assigned for his revocation, anù the sending of Count Har-
court in the same character, are specified by Lord Clarendon, in the
second volume of his History.t
The lVIARQUIS DE VIEU-'TILLE; 1vhole
Icngth,jroJJl ajine original picture by Van Dyclt, ill the
collection of his Grace the Dul'c of Bllcking'hanl.
It Cooper sc. Private }Jlate.
The I\'1 A RQ U 1 S D I
V lEU -V ILL E ;
JVoodburn e.l'c.
oval
' 11ZC.-::Z.
The l\:1arquis de Vieu- Ville, a French nobleman, highly esteemed
for his virtues and great talents, engaged himself in the cause of
l{ing Charles the First, behaved himself Inost gallantly, but was
slain while valiantly fighting at Anborn Chase, in September,
1643.
IIENRI, compte d'IIarcourt, &c. 'loliiskers, pcaked
beard,
'c. in Perrault's "]-lOJJlJJlCS Iltustres."
There is an admirahle print of Count d'Harcourt engraved by
Masson, after l\li;;narJ, in 16G7.
lit C)arcl:<!IJII, iii. fha. p. 20.3.
lit P. 399, 8\'0. edit.
2i2 nTOGRAPTTICAL IIISTORY
HENRI, COlnte d'Harcourt. Chal1l}Jagne; J.lJIorin.
IIENRI, comte d'Harcourt; fol. J. Ie Elon.
HENRI, comte d'Harcourt, on horseback,. vze'lO of
Turin, J. .HuJllbelot.
Henry of Lorrain, count of Harcourt, who is well known in his
military character, came into England as an mnbassador, in 1643;
under a pretence of mediating a peace betwixt Charles and the
parliament. But as Mazarin had adopted the political plan of
Richelieu, it was supposed that his secret intentions were to set
them farther at variance. As he soon found that this was impos-
sible, he returned to France, without doing any thing, except" as-
suring the king, that the French court had his interest much at
heart."
Db. 1666. See more of him in De Retz's " Memoirs."
MICHAEL LE BLON, agent de la reyne et
couronne de Suede, chez sa 111ajestie de la Grande
13retagne. Vandyclc p. lïlco. Matharn sc. h. she
Monsieur Ie Blon is mentioned by Mr. Walpole, among the col-
lectors of the works of Hans Holbein. See" Anecdotes of Paint-
ing," vol. I. p. 75, 76; 2d edit.
CHRISTIAN THOMSON SEHESTED, A.F.f.
In-Iloflnan's "Ho1Jl1nes illustres de Dane17larck."
Sir John Finet, who calls him Tomson, l11entions his coming into
England, together with Drahe, his colleague, on an embassy from
· There are memoirs of a Count d'Harcourt, wlj!ch I remember to lJave seen;
hut am in great doubt whether they were of the same person with the above, or not.
The author of these memoÏ1'S observes, that the count, who had been in England,
thought this national reflection of one of his countrJrnen upon tlw ]
JJglish. a \'C'ry
injurious one, " That they are among mankind, what wolves are among beasts."t
(>Lhcr French writers have represented us as a nation of bears, rather than wolves;
but Yoltairc, as a nation of philosophers.
t This was Guy Patin. See the" Freeholder," No.
[ì.
OF ENGLA ND.
273
Denmark.. Sehested was thirty-two years a senator of the reaJm,
and se\'énteen years chancellor to the king; and was distinguished
for his deep penetration, solid judgment, and unblemished integrity.
Ob, 1657.
GREGERS KRABBE, signeur de Tosteland.
f:jèhley sc. dire.
\ a s111all head, in Hoflnan's book.
Gregers Krabbe was knight of the order of the Elephant, and
viceroy of Norway. He was sent hither by the King of Denmark,
in the reign of Charles I. on account of the differences betwixt that
prince and his parliament. He had the character of an able mi-
nister. Db. 18 Dec. 1655.
MOGENS SEHESTED, whose head is also in
Hofn1an's book, was employed as an envoy frolll
Denmark to several courts of Europe, particularly
to that of England. He attended Ulric, the prince
royal, hither, when he visited Charles I. He was
much esteemed by Christian IV. and was, by Fre-
deric III. honoured with the order of the Elephant.
Db. 1657.
There is a print, by Meyssclls, of STEPHEN DE
GEMARA, a knight of St. Jago, ,vho had several
great employments, under the King of Spain, in the
Low Countries, and who was sent hither in the
quality of anlbassador.
JOANNES POLY ANDER, S. S. Theologiæ
· "Philoxcnis," p. 220. It apIJears from the following anecclo1e, at p. 236 of
the same book, that he was here in the mayoralty of Sir Hugh Hammersh'y, who
was elected in 1627.
Sehcsted, when Brahe was indisposed, sent Sir Hugh word that he would dine
with him; but being given to understand, that he wculd not yield him the prece-
dence, as it was an t'stablj
hed custom for the lord mayor to take place of all pcr!.ons,
except the king, within the cit)', he changed his mind, and evaded the visit.
VOL. III. 2 N
274 BlOC RA PHIC..\ L IIISTOR Y
Professor, 410. III .1Jfeursius"s " Athcllæ Batavæ."
Tlle're is a jiJle print of hint by Suyderhocf.
JOANNES POLY ANDER; fol. Balldring'ecn. pin.?'.
C. v. Dalen se.
JOANNES POLYANDER, Æt. 51. ftfirevelt P1Jl.1'.
V. Delff sC.
JOANNES POLYANDEU; Latin inscl'Oiptioll; folio.
A. M"athalll sc.
John Polyander was sent hither, in the character of ambassador,.
in the reign of Charles I. He was twenty years minister of the
church of Dort, and fourteen years professor of divinity at Leyden;
-during which time, he was thrice rector of that university. His
works are chiefly on theological subjects. He was also author of
various poems, which were collected and published by his frien(ils.
JOHANNES DE REEDE, Dom. de Rensvorde,
&c. W
Hollar f. 1650; 4to.
JOHANNES DE REEDE; zn Sinzon's
p. 22.
John de Reede was sent hither as an1bassador from the states of
Holland, to cOl11pose the difference betwixt the king and parlia-
ment. He laboured earnestly in the prosecution of this laudable
design, and recommended himself so 111uch to Charles, that, in
164.'), he created him a baron. There is a medal of him among tbe
works of the Simuns, plate xxii. in which is also a medal of
" ltledal s "
,
ALBERT JOACHI
I, another Dutch ambassador,
who ,vas long resident in England; in SÙllon's
"1Jledals," 1). 22.
JAURAR BEN ABDELLA (Abdallah), al11bas-
sador from l\1ully Mahamed Shegue, emperor of
OF ENGLAND.
275
lVIorocco, &c. G lovcrf. sJ1zall 4to. Before a pall/pillet,
rOlltaining all aCCOUJlt of his arrival and clltertalnrnent,
tog'etlLer with his associate, Mr. Robert Blake, 1637.
Jaurar Ben Abdallah, lord chanlberlain, privy Real, and prime
minister to the Emperor of Morocco, was a native of Portugal,
whence he was stolen away in his childhood, and detained in cap-
tivity.* He and his associate, Mr. Blake, were, by the city as weU
as the court, treated with such ceremony and magnificence as had
scarce ever been seen in England on the like occasion. When he
came to the Banqueting-house, at Whitehall, where the court was
assembled, he was surprised at the grandeur and brilliancy of the
scene, and was particularly struck with the beauty of the ladies.
He said, wit.h an eastern emphasis, that beauty is glorious and ami-
able beyond all things in the world; and that slick beaut,il as 'was then
b
fore his e!les had more force in it than all the letters of the alphabet.
The ladic>s were highly pleased with the compliment, as it intimated
that their charms were more than could be expressed by all the
powers of language. The design of this embassy was to cultivate
the friendship and alliance of the English, who had been serviceable
to the emperor in his wars, and been favoured by the dismission of
a great l1ulnber of their countrymen froIll slavery.
Mr. Robert Blake was a merchant, who farmed the emperor's
ports and customs, and was, by. his address and management, a.
principal instrument in procuring the libel'ty of the captives.
P. P. RUBENS, (ambassador, &c.) large hat,
g'old chain; sold by J. Clark,. larg'e 4to.
Peter Paul Rubens, who, from the number and excellence of his
works, seems to have been employed only as a }Jainter, was sent on
several embassies by the Infanta Isabella; and afterward made
secretary of state. He came into England to negoti
te a peace
betwixt Philip the IVth of Spain ann Charles l.t which was soon
. The author of the pamphlet says, that he was H distesticled or eunuched."
t These two princes, "" hu were remarkable for the same elegant taste for the
arts, seemed to ,Tie with each other in collecting pictUïes by the most eminent
masters; and soon raised them to double their fornle,' value. A great part of the
collectiun of Charles passed into the hands of Philip, who was, by his agent, the
principal purchaser at the sale (}f the king's cHeels. 1 hd\"e
ceu bcveml òf thc!ie
rotting in tlll: E
curialt through dampness "ud nq;lcct.
27G BIOGRA_PHICA_L IIISTORY
21 Feb.
.1630.
COficluùed. The king conferred on him the honour of knighthood,
and engaged him to paint the Banqueting-house at Whitehall. Ru-
bens is so highly celebrated as an artist that the rest of his character
is little attended to: but if he had never handled a pencil, his aç-
complishments as a gentleman, a scholar, and a statesman, would
have set him far above the common level of mankind. He was
master of six languages: several of his Latin letters are among the
elegant Epistles of Baudius.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. lJI. Burg'hers sc. ad
Tabulant Ant. Vandyck,. in Bibliotheca Bodleiana; 4to.
FRA l\'CISCUS JUNIUS, &c. froJ1z the saUle original
'lvith the above. Vertuc sc. 1743 ; frontisp. to his "Ety-
molog;icltJJz An{5'licanum," by the Reverend lVlr. Lye :;
jol.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. Vandyck p. a tail-piece, in
tlte Latin" Life of Alfred;" published by the Reverend
l
Jr. Wise.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. Hollar f. 121no.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. Vander Werffp. P. a GUllst
se. _ Before the folio editions qf his book "De Pictllra
Veterll1Jl."
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS, F.F. Ætat. XXXXIX. A.
Van Dyck pinX'. Winceslaus Hollar fecit,. liolding a
book; two Dutch verses, "Dits Junius;" 4to.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS; "Beata Tel/us Galliea quæ
dedit,"
c. J. Bassenzeeker e
l:c.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS, F. N. I. V. D. et Professor
in Academia Groningæ.
francis, son of Francis Junius, the famous divine, was brought
into England by Thomas, earl of Arundel, who appointed him his
OF ENGI
_A.ND.
2i7
librarian, and kept him in his family thirty years. His learning
was various; but he particularly exceHed in the knowledge of the
Saxon and northern languages, in which he was exceeded by none
of his age; as the late 1\'11'. Lye, editor of his "Etymologicum,"
and the" Gothic Gospels," has been exceeded by none of the pre-
sent. I-Ie, with great pains, selected from the Greek and Latin
authors every thing relative to "the. painting of the ancients," on
which subject he published a book, first in Latin, 4to. 1637; and
the next year, an Eno-lish translation of it: but with all his P flins,
. 0
he has left us Inuch in the dark as to this suhject.* The first
I
atin edition of his book was afterward much improved with cata-
logues of various artists, and their works, collected by himself, and
published by Grævius, fo!' 1694. Ob. 19 Nov. 1697. See his
article in the" General Dictionary," or the" Athen. Oxon."
AMOS COMENIUS. Hollarf. sJJlal18vo.
Al\IOS C02\IENIVS. T. Cross sc. frolltisp. to !tis
" Orbis Sensllalill1n PiclllS," 1685; 12JJlo.
J OANNES A1\IOS CO1\! EN] us. Noval, Londini, sc.
'1l.
J OA NNES A1\IOS COl\IENI us, Æt. 50, 1642; pl'C-
jLl'cd to his" Pansophy," 12JJlo. G. Glover.
Amos Comenius, a l\-Ioravian divine, was justly esteemed the
greatest schoolmaster of this age. He wag employed in the in-
struction of youth in several countries, and in the latter part of
his life settled at Amsterdam. His" Janua Linguarum Reserata,"
was translated into twelve European languages, and also into the
Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and l\10gu1.t I-lis" Orbis Sensualium
Pictus
or a Picture and N omenclator of all the chief things in the
'V orId, and of l\len and Employments therein," is an excellent book
in its kind.! He CaIne into England in 1641, by desire of the par-
· The principal authors that treat of ancient painting and painters, are QuinlÏ-
]ian, lib. xii. cap. 10. and Pliny t lib. xxxv. cap. 9 and 10.
t Baylp.
t l\Ir. Evdyn, speaking of this book. says, U I do bolJly affirm it to be a piece
of
uch excellent use, that the liI,e was never extant, how(>ver it comes not yet to be
perceived," &c. "Sculptura." 3d edit. p. 1 '23. An improved edition of this book,
with Letter cutg. is much wanted.
2i8 llIOGRAPIIIC.L\L IIISTORY
liament, to reform the method of education: but that assembly
was too much employed in the reformation of government and re-
ligion, to attend to that of learning.-Comcnius was an enthusiastic
visionary, and a great pretender to prophecy. He col1ected the
Prophecies of Kotterus and Drabicius, which he published at Am-
sterdam, with remarks of his own. He sent a copy of this book to
Lewis XIV. and plainly signified that God had promised him,
what his own ambition seemed to grasp at, U the empire of the world."
lIe was very confident that the Millennium would commence in
1672, but did not live to see the falsity of his prediction. The
famous l\ladam Bourignon and he were great admirers of each
other. He died, according to Bayle, the 15th of Nov. 1671; but
according to the inscription on N oval's print, published for the
Moravian brethren, the 2.'5th of Nov. 1670. He is, in this inscrip-
tion, styled "Anatolicæ Ecc1esiæ, quæ Ullitas Fratrllnz vocatur,
Præscs ;" but in an epistle addressed to Charles II. in behalf of
these brethren, he calls himself" Episcopus indignus." See the
epistle in Kennefs "Register aed Chronic1e," p. 530, 531.
FREDERICUS SP ANHEMIUS, SSe Theol.
Doctor, &c. Æt. 47, 1647. J. 8llyderhoef sc.
FUED. SPANHEl\IIUS, &c. Æt. 44, 1644. v: Negre
pin.r. C. v. Dalen sc. 1644.
FRED. SPANHEl\lIUS; mez;:;. halfsheet. J. vall Soulcr
ad viVllnz sculp.
Frederick Spanheim, a native of the Upper Palatinate, who was
professor of divinity at Geneva, and afterward at Leyden, was one
of the most learned and laborious men of the seventecnth century,
and deserves to be ranked with the greatest and best divines of that
age. Few, if any, of his contemporaries contributed lllore to the
advancement of genuine learning and useful knowledge, which he
promoted by private instruction, by public discourses from the pro-
fessor's chair and the pulpit, aud by corresponding with the learned
in ahnost every part of Europe. His polite manners would have
become a court, and his knowledge of the world would have
qualified hin1 for the most considerable offices of state. tIe died
fuller of literary and virtuous fame than of years, in 1649. He is
OF ENGLAND.
279
mentioned here, as having been several months in England, in
1625. Two of his sons, one of whom was ambassador to the
English court, in the reign of William III. and Anne, were of dis-
tinguished learning and merit. His" Dubia EvangeIica" are
among his most remarkable works in divinity; and his funeral ha-
rangue upon the death of Henry Frederick, prince of Orange, is the
most finished of his orations.
IIOLGER WIND. FolkelJza f. a bust. In Hof-
'lJzan.
Holger Wind, lord of Harrested, privy-counsellor, &c. to the
King of Denmark, was twice in England in the early part of his
life, but not in a public character. The second time of his arrival
was on the day on which Archbishop Laud was beheaded. He
served three kings, with credit to himself and elnoJument to his
country, in various employments of trust and honour. He was
governor to Christian V. and acquitted himself with the highest
approbation in that important elnployrnent. Db. 1683.
(VINCENT) VOITURE. Clzarllpaigne p. Nan-
tueil sc. 1649; It. slz. This is copied by Vertue and
others.
VINCENT VOITURE. Faithorne.
VINCENT VorTURE. J. Lubin sc.
V oiture was famous for introducing new and easy graces intO'
the French language, and giving a more agreeable turn to many
trite and familiar modes of expression, by a happiness peculiar to
himself.. His irony has been particularly admired for its singu-
larity and address. He, as well as the courtly Waller, was the-
poet of the fair; and both have celebrated the charming Countess
of Carlisle.t It has been ohserved, that few authors have suffered
so much by translation as V oiture. His native beauties are of too
· I have somewhere seen this expressed by a variation upon too Greek words
Kamì. xo,
.:zç xa: Komi KctUl;j
.
t It appears, by V oitUlie's Letters, that he was in England in 1633.
280 BIOGRAPIIICAL HISTORY
aelicate a kind to be co p ied in a foreiO'n lancruao-e. The followin g
bob
lines of Swift are characteristic of this orio'inal author:
b
V oiture in various lights displays
That irony wbich turns to praise: .
His genius first found out the rule
For an obliging ridicule:
He flatters with peculiar air
The brave, tbe witty, and the fair:
And fools would fancy he intends
A satire where he most commends.
Swift's Verses to Delany..
RENATUS DESCARTES, nobilis Ganus, &c.
natus Hagæ Turonum, pridie cal. April, 15f)().
Denatus Holmiæ, cal. Feb. 1659." F. Hals p. J. V.
lJfcllrs SC. 4to.
REN ATUS DESCARTES; folio, in a square. C. V. Da/cn
sc. Latin Ï11
'cription.
RENATUS DESCARTES. F. Hals; Edclinck.
RENATUS DESCARTES. F. Hals; Ficquet.
RENATUS DESCARTES. F. Hals; Suyderltoef.
REN ATUS DESCARTES. Ii'. Hats; Wille.
RENE DESCARTES. F. Hals,. Porl1Jzan,. in " ]JIlts.
FraJlfoîs. "
Renatus Descartes, a native of Hay, in Touraine, was long
esteemeù the prince of philoshophers. His lively anù penetrating
genius discovere(l itself at an early period; but bis pursuits in
science were some time interrupted by serving in the army. He
disdained to tread in the steps of any of his predecessors in philo-
sophy, which occasioned his appiying himself much more to think-
ing than to reading. Hence it is that his "Principia," his" IVle-
ditations," and other works have more of originality, as well as a
greater appearance of truth than those of any other philosopher,
· Vol. xvi. of his worlis, 8vo. p. 286.
OF ENG LAND.
281
.
,
except the great Newton. Happy had it been for mankind, if
there had been less of verisimility and n10re of demonstration in his
philosophy; as it was the foundation of modern scepticisn1, an
event absolutely unsuspected by the worthy author.. The reign
of Descartes wa.s longer than could have been expected for so
visionary a philosopher: the throne of Newton appears to be fixed
upon a solid, perhaps an everlasting foundation. Descartes created
a world of his own; Newton eXplained the laws of the universe as
it came from the hands of the great Creator. He came into Eng-
land in the reign of Charles I. where he made some curious obser-
vations relative to the variation of the magnet. He was afterward
strongly solicited by Mr. Charles Cavendish, brother to the Earl
of Newcastle, to settle here; and the king would have made ample
provision for him; but he thought it prudent to decline his l11a...
jesty's offer, as he was then threatened with a civil war. Descartes
contributed greatly to the fame of Harvey, by asserting his doc-
trine of the circulation of the blood. I-Ie held a eorrespondence
with 1\11'. Cavendish, Mr. Hobbes, Sir Kenelm Digby, and Dr.
Henry More, who was a pa:Þsionate admirer of his philosophy. Ob,
] 0 Feb. 1650, Æt. 54.
GLAUS WORM IDS, IVledicinæ, in Acaden1ia
Hafniensi, Doctor et Professor Regius, Anno 1648,
Æt. 60. Alb. Haelweeh se. 4to. There is a g;ood print
oj" hÙn, after Charles Van Mander, before his "Alll-
seUllZ ;" fol. 1655.
ÛLAUS W ORl\lIUS; in Freherus.
ÛLAUS W ORl\I, D.IVledicinæ, in Acaden1ia Regia
IIafniæ Professor Publicus, Æt. 38, 162G. SÙJlOll
de Passe sculp. 8vo. SiLV Latin verses.
Olaus 'Varmius, an antiquary of the first class, who is mentioned
in the highest terms by those authors who best knew his excellence,
was by his learning and sagacity qualified to make such discoveries
as baffled the attempts of his predecessors. He, in his" Literatura
Runica," has happily explained the old Cimbrian inscriptions which
occur in every nation where the Gothic arms and letters prevailed.
YOJ.... III.
· See Bcattie's "Essay," IJ. 217, edit. 3.
20.
282 BIOGRA_PIIICAL IIISTOR Y
He also eXplained those Runic monuments which are dispersed
through the Danish and Norwegian kingdoms, in a work which
probably occasioned his travelling into England: it is entitled
"Monumenta Danica." His" l\luseum," which was published by
his son, shews him to have been an inquisitive and industrious
naturalist, and a collector of such curiosities as tended to the illus-
tration and improvement of useful knowledge.*' See more of hilU
in Nicolson's" English Historical Library," p. 54, 55.
Effigies JOANNIS BANFI, Hunijadis, Rivulen-
sis, Ungari, Hermeticæ Philosophiæ Scrutatoris, et
Artis spagyricæ, Anglo- Londini, Professoris; qui
Aurum et ArgentuIIl destruxit, et reduxit in Mercu-
riuD1, per Mercuriuln, &c. fiXUIll sine Mercurio, fecit
volatile: Corpora fecit incorporea; &c. In a scroll
is this inscription: "Est in lYfcrcurio quicquid quæ-
1'tllllt sapicntes." Below the oval is Æt. 70, 1640. Gul.
lJIarslzall f. 4to. Anotlzer by Hollar, 121110.
JOHANNIS BANFI. l
Richardson.
This man, who was far gone in philosophical fanaticism, was a
noted alchymist, and a particular friend of Mr. Ashmole. Having
discovered the secret of reducing gold and silver into n1ercury, he
unfortunately fancied that he was very near converting that nlineral
into gold. All his passions and pursuits seenl to have centred in
his laboratory, as he was fully possessed with a notion that all
valuable knowledge was comprehended in chymistry.
By help of this, as he profest,
He had first matter seen undrest,
And took her naked all alone,
Before one rag of form was on.-HuDIBRAS.t
.. Our countryman Hearne, who had more merit than is commonly allowed him,
and who, exclusive of his monkish collections, has furnished much curious and useful
matter for the Eng1ish historian, antiquary, and biographer, is described by 1\lr. Pope,
under the appellation of 'V OR!\IIUS, which he, doubtless, thought a pretty poetical
name for a der;ourer of old books and manuscripts; not perhaps considering that it be-
longed to a person who was an ornament to letters, and an honour to his country.
t The first hint, as it seems, of these admirable lines, was taken from Cleaveland's
" Character of a London Diurnal," where is this expression: "Before l\Iateria Prima
can put on her smock."
OF ENGLA.ND.
283
Though the world was inclined to laugh at this 81noke-dried
mcrcurialist, and the rest of that lean fraternity, it is much more
indebted to them than is cOlnmonly imagined; as while they were
engaged in anxious search of the philosopher's stone, which they
could never find, they frequently stumbled upon things which were
well worth finding.
A Siamese Priest; a wlzole-leJl{!;tlt figure, e
ractly
Ùnitated by Captain Willianz Baillie, fronz a capital draw-
ing in black chalk, ill the collection of John Barnard,
csq. Underneath is an inscription which lnfo1'"77ls us,
that he arrived at the court of Charles I. as an attendant
to the a]}lbassadol
of his nation, when Rubens, who took
the drllîving, was pT>eparing; to leave Eng'land.
Madame la Duchesse de CHEVREUSE. Jean te
Blond sc. h. sh. Under the portrait is an inscription,
in which she is c077zpliulented for her beauty.
MARIE DE ROHAN, Duchesse de Chevreuse, &c.
4to. In Daret's "It/ust. Frallc."
The Dutchess of Chevreuse was in the first class of the gay and
gallant ladies of France; and the sallies of her wit were such as
would not have disgraced the finest geniuses of any age or country.
It was as natural for her to love as to see; and her passion was
constant, though she frequently changed its object. She, on some
occasions, entered, with all the spirit that was natural to her, into
the depth of politics; and would doubtless have been as deep in re-
ligion, if it could have been connected with gallantry. It is not to
be admired at, that a constitution which enabled her to swim across
the Thames* should be amorous in an extraordinary degree. Had
she been in the same situation with Hero, she would have swum
· In a little volume of poems, by Sir J. 1\1. is a copy of verses complimenting
her on this talent, which is not mentioned among her political or amorous adventures
in the" :i\Icmoirs of Dc Rctz."
J. (ohn) 1\1. (enllis) and J. S. (mith) entitled, u l\Iusarum Deliciæ J or the 1\Iuscs'
HccreatioIl," 1656; 2d cd. duodecimo.
284
BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTOR Y
across the Hellespont to have n1et her Leander. It was probably
some love affair that occasioned her crossing the British channel
a second tilne;* certain it is that she had intrigues with the Duke
of Buckingham and the Earl of Holland, in France. It appears
from \Vren's "Parentalia,"t that she was at \Vindsor in 1638, when
Prince Charles was installed knight of the Garter.
· She came first into England with the duke her husband, in 1625,t in which year
'Ier daughter Charlotte l\Iaria, of whom there is a print, was born at Richmond. It
appears from the " Abregé Chronologique de l'Histoire de France,"9 that she also
had issue by the constable De Luines, her first husband.
t P. 150.
t Finet's" Philoxenis," p. 153.
P.660.
OF ENGLAND.
285
CIIARLES II.
BEGAN HIS REIGN THE 30th OF JANUARY, 1648-9.
THE INTERREGNUM.
C LAS S I.
'rHE ROYAL FAMILY, &c.
CHARLES II. inscribed, " This is Charles the
First's heir." Faithorne se.
CAROLUS II. Van Hoeek p. Hollar f. 1650, 4to.
CHARLES II. crouJned king of Scotland, Jan.], 1651;
In armour.
CAROLI, Scotorum Regis, viva et novissin1a Ef-
figies. Hanneman p. Gaywood f. h. slz.
CHARLES II. &c. king of Scotland, France, and
Ireland. J. Chantry se. In a square of oaken foliage;
large 4to.
After the Scots had urged, or rather cOlllpelled Charles to take
the covenant, and had actually degraded him to the impotent con-
dition of a doge, they crowned him king at Scoon, January 1,
1650- 1.
CHARLES 11. 1201(' at the head of a gallant and llU-
112el'OUS arln.y. C. 1 T aJl Dalcn se. 8vo.
286 BI,OGRAPIIICAL IIISTORY
CHARLES II. 'lI;as proclaillzed king,
c. at W01"CeS-
ter, 23 Aug'. 1651, '4to.
Charles, soon after his coronation in Scotland, marched into
England at the head of a numerous anny. But he tbat was the
shadow only of a king, was little more than the shadow of a general:
he commanded subjects who would not obey, and an army which
would not fight.* He was presently defeated at the battle of "\V 01'-
cester" by Cromwell, who called this decisive action his crowning
"l)ictory.
CHARLES II. and Major CARELESS, in an oak, /i.sh.
5 1 tcllt.
Upon the defeat at Worcester, Charles and this gentleman eluded
the search of Cromwell's emissaries, by concealing thenlselves in
an oak, in Boscobel Wood, on the borders of Staflordshire.-After
the restoration, the oak seemed to be held in as great veneration by
tIle English, as it ever was aIllong the ancients. Oak-leaves were
worn on the 29th of May, by people of all ranks: the very horses
were dressed with boughs, and every tower was crowned with
branches of oak. The populace regaled themselves in oaken
bowers, and the sign of the Royal Oak was erected in almost every
town and village in the kingdom. The people went in pilgrimages
to the tree itself: a great part of it was cut away, and converted
into tobacco-stoppers, hafts of knives, and other J11emorials; and
many plants were propagated from its acorns. The remains of this
tree are enclosed with a brick wall, the inside of which is covered
with laurel. t
CHARLES II. in disguise, 'riding' before AIrs. Lane;
Lord Wibnot at a distancee AI. TTandergllcht sc. h. sl1.
eng'raved for Clarendon's "I-listory," Svo. See Mrs.
LANE, Class XI.
· It must
e acknowledged, that some part of the royal army fought with prodi-
gious bravery. The Highlanders, as we are informed by \Valker, even stood to fight
fter they had lost their legs, and covered the very spot with their dead bodies, which
tbey undertook to defend. See u IIist. of Independency," Part i v. p. 23.
t -Stabis, mediamque lueucre querculll.-
Ovid. U .Met." lib. i. v. 563.
The root of the tree is yet to be seen.
OF ENGL.AND.
287
CAROLUS Secundus, &c. Hanneman p. H. Danckers
sc. large h. she
CAROLUS II. R. Nason p. C. Vall Dalen sc. larg'e
It. she
HENRIETTA MARIA, queen-dowager; without
inscription,. black veil; engraved 'ivithollt hatching', in
the 17laJlner of ]J;fellan. G. F. (Faithorne) sC. h. she
HENRIETTA MARIA. G. Faithornef. Before" The
Queen's Closet opened," 1655, 12nlo.
HENRIETTA MARIA. R. Cooper sc.
HENRI ETT A MARIA; a Cr01VJl on her Ilead; half
length. Ro. Walton e,,
'c.
This unhappy princess, who was daughter of Henry the Great of
France, and inherited much of her father's spirit, is said to have
been reduced to the cruel necessity of applying to Cromwell for
something towards her support, as queen-dowager of England.
Certain it is, that she had but a small pension from the French
court, and that but very ill paid. See the reigns of CHARLES I.
and II.*'
JACOBUS, dux Eboracensis, Æt. 18,
Tcniers p. Hollar f. h. she In an oval of palJ7ls.
print is very rare.
J A l\IES, second son of the late king, lieutenant-general of the
French army; 4to. See the reigns of Charles I. and II.
1651.
This
Princeps ELIZABETI-IA, filia secunda Caroli
Primi. Hollar j: 1650, in all oval, 121120.
· When I refer from the Interregnum to the reign of Charles II. I mean his
actual reign, after the Restoration.
288 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTOR Y
ELIZABETH STE'V ARD (Stuart) second daughter
to the late kinO"' an ano'el takin u ' a black veil Fronz her
b' b b J'
head,. Stent,. Iou')" English verses. This print is pre-
fi.red to the "Electra of Sophocles
' prescnted to her
Hig'hness the Lad!} Elizabeth, with an Epilog'ue, shew-
ing the parallel in two Poel1ls, the Return, and the Res-
toration, hy C. (hristopher) J
(ase) Printed at the
Hague 1649, Svo."
ELIZABETH; a snzall whole IC17g;th. (Faithorne.)
ELIZABETH; a bust. AIellan.
E LIZABET H; an oval. U1: Richardson.
ELIZABETH d'Anglcterre, Femme du Roy de
Boheme, &c. 1658. B. l1Ioneornet e..l'e. 4to.
I have given some account of this princess, in the reign of
James I. I shall only add here, that she came into England the
. 17th of May, 1661; that she was then betwixt sixty and seventy
years of age, and was one of the most sprightly and agreeable
women of her years in the kingdon1. She died the 13th of Fe-
bruary, 1661-2.
CAROLUS LUDOVICUS, Palatinus Rheni, Dux
Bavariæ, S. R. Imperii Elector. IIondthorst p.
C. Viseher se. P. 5out17zan dirigente, Anll. 1650; a
la1"ge head, she
e H ARLES LE"'"IS, Count Palatine, holding; a 'riclt
slvord in one hand, and a crown in the other, dated 1656.
W. Vaillant f. h. slz.
Charles Lewis, elector palatine, who died suddenly on the road
between Manheim and Frankendal, aged 63, on the 28th of Augu3t,
1680, was succeeded in his electorate by his son Charles; who
dying without heirs, the 16th of May, 1685, the family became
OF ENG LAND.
289
extinct, and the electoral dignity, with aU its appendages,. devol ved
to the house of
ewburg. See the reign of CHARLES I.
WILI-IELMUS HENRI CDS, prince of Orange,
son of the princess royal; on horsebach.'. ,Stent J' 4to.
He appears to be about cig'ht years of ag'e.
Gur.IELl\lUS HENRICUS, D. G. Princeps I\.uriacus,
&c. a clzild, 'll}hole leiìg"tll, u'itlz a playing dog,. a crOlOll
on the tllble. A. SzoartSllla fecit.
The reader may see several curious medals relating to the infancy
and childhood of 'this prince, tog-ether with many others struck in
his more advanced age, in the" Histoire lVletalique" of the Low
Countries. His met3.11ic history is more cqmplete than that of
any of the princes of Europe, except that of Lcwis the Fourteenth.
OLIVER CROMWELL, lord - protector, &c.
FroJn a 'J7l0St e..Tcelle1lt lillzning', by Sanlliet Cooper, in the
}Jossession of Sir Tholllas Frankland, knt. 1653.* G.
Vertuc se. Engraved forRapin
s History.-Tllere is an-
other, fronz the SaJ7le orig"iual, in 8vo. by Vertue.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL. Cooper p. HOllbraken se. In
the collection of the Duke of Devonshire,. Illust. I-Iead.
prqjilc.
OLIVER CnOl\I'VELL, &c. P. LeZy }J. 1653. J.
Faber f. 1740. E. collectioue W. Poulet, p;en. II. sl1.
'J71ezz.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL. LeI!) p. Faber f. she nle::.:.
Fro}]z a }Jictllre in the collection of Lord .Janzes ()a-
'L"cndislt .
*" Sold by Lady Frankland to l\Iiss Chudleigh, afterward dntchrss of King<,ton.-
},onD ORf'onD.
\'01" I I I.
2p
290 BIOGRAPIIIC
t\.IJ IIISTOR Y
He ordered Lely, when he drew his portrait, to be faithful in
representing every blemish or defect that he could discover in his
face..
OLIVERJUS CnOl\I'VELL, &c. (Walke1"p,) Lonzbart sc.
His son Richa1'1d is represented tying; on his scali; Ii.
she t There is a copy of this by Gayu'ood.
Mr. Evelyn, who personally knew Cromwell, informs us, that
this print is the strongest resemblance of hÏ1n. That gentleman,
who studied physiognomy, fancied that he read" characters of the
greatest dissimulation, boldness, cruelty, and ambition, in every
touch and stroke" of his countenance.!
OLIVERIUS CROl\I'VELL. R. Walker p. P. PelhallJ
e.l'c. 1723; h. she 1ne.
;z.
OLIVER CR01\IWELL. Walker p. Faber f. 4to. 11leZ.Z.
OLIVER CROl\f'VELL. Walkel" p. Careat Succcssi-
hitS opto. h. she 'JJlezz.
OLIVER CHOl\I'VELL. Walker 1). Pica}"t sClllp. lIir.
(sculptarcl1JZ dire.I'it), 1724, 4to.
. CromweB's nose, which was remarkably red and shining, was the subject or
much ridicule. Cleaveland, in his character of a London Diurnal, sa,}'s, " This
CromweH ßhould be a bird of prey, by his bloody beak; his nose is able to try a
young eagle whether she be lawfully begotten; but all is not goJd that glisters."
Again: "CromweH's nose wears the dominical Jetter."
t The original picture was certainly in the possession of the Earl of Bradford, in
1739. The figure, which I am persuaded is Richard Cromwell, has been caHed
Lambert. Is it probable, that Lambert should be painted tying on Oliver's scarf?
or, if it were, is it consistent with probability, that he should be represented so
young 1 I say nothing of the features, which are seen, at the first glance, to be more
like Richard's than Lambert's. I am assured, from unquestionable authority, that
a copy, or repetition
of this picture, was called OJiver and his son Richard, in the
Earl of Kinnoul's family, at Duplin, in Scotland. A copy of the same originaJ, by
Richardson, at Stow, was called Cromwell and his Page; and I think this page has
been said to be Sir Peter Temple.
II Nnmismata," p. 3S9, 340.
Anuther done by the same painter, and deemed original.
OF E.NGL
\
D.
2UI
It is well known, that the Grand Duke of Tuscany gave 5001. to
a relation of Crmllwell, for his picture, by 'Valker.- This portrait
is now in the Old Palace, at Florence, where there is a celebrated
cast of his face.t
OLIVERIUS CROlVI'VELL. Wandeek (Vandyk) p.
P. LOInhart se. larg'e she
This is the print of Charles I. and the supposed Duke of Espernon.
The face of Charles is altered to that of Cromwell.
OLIVER CRO:l\1"TELL, neatly and eJ/aetly etched, óy
Brctlzerton, fro71z the picture given by Mr. Hollis to
1idJley College, in Calnbridg'e, 4to.
o LIV ARIUS Pritnus. Faith orne f. 4to.
o LIV ARIUS, Britannicus
llrnlour, on horsebaclc, 4to.
Olivæ, nee non Olivarii," fol.
Heros. Faithorne f. III
Fronz the "Parallelunt
· See Graham's" Essay towards an English school," &c. Artie. W ALKEn.
t We are informed, in Breval's "Tra,'els,"t that this cast was done from a mould
taken from Cromwell's face, u. few moments after his decease, H through tbe dexterous
management of the Tuscan resident in London." The author observes, " that there
is something more remarkably strong and expressive in it, than in any picture or
bust of that usurper he had ever seen." The Earl of Corke tells us, that" it bears
the strongest characteristics of boldness, steadiness, sense, penetration, and pride,"
and that he cannot yield to the assertion of its baving been taken from his face after
his death, as u the muscles are strong and Iivdy, the look is fierce and commanding.
Dcath sinks the features, renders all the muscles languid, and flattens every lIerve."
I, who have seen the characteristic head of Henry VII. at Strawbel'ry-hill, which is
unquestionably a cast from a mould wrought off from that politic prince's face, pre-
sently after his decease, and a model for his monumental effigy in 'Vestminster
Abbey, am inclined to dissent from the Earl of Corke. It seems to be such a re-
presentation of him as Raphael would have drawn tbe moment he expired.
t Vol. iii. p. 154, 155.
From an extract of a letter of the Earl of Corke, dated Florence, October 30,
1754, communicated by tIle ingenious 1\Ir. Duncombe, of Canterbury. This curiou,
[('tttr waslatcly printed, with several others.
292 BIOGRAPHICAl... IIISTORY
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL; O. C. P. R. at the C01'"ners of
the print,. sh. This portrait is chiefly eng'raved by
Stipping, or Dotting.
OLIVER CROlvt'VELL, &c. A. P. Paris; Boisseven.
OLIVER CR01tl'VELL, &c. Under the print,
vhiclt
'lvas sold at Paris, are eig'ht Latin verses. See a }]ar-
licular account of it in the" Biog'raphia, " p. 1568, note
(KI().
o LIV ER CROl\l'VELL, protecteur van Engeland, &c.
laJ'!!;e oval; ornanzents,. sh.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL. Rombout Vanden Hoeye C6.t'C.
on horseback,. large sh.
OLIVER CROl\IE'VLL; an etching, prçfi6.
1ed to the
"Narrative of his eJnbalrned Head blownfroJn the top of
We
tminster Hall, and é.1}hibited in Bond-street, 1799.
OLIV ARIUS CROl\IWELL. Segerdt Tiebans e6.l"C, on
hOJ"sebacli; large sh.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL, in arnlour. R. Walke1'"" F.
Bartolozzi,. 1802; half sheet.
OLIVER CROl\l'VELL. R. Walker;
Sherwin; fol.
rare.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL; with a 1'"ope front the clouds
round his neck; to "Flag'elluJ71, or Life and Death of
O. C." 8vo. 1663.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL; in an oval,. witlz arllls,. G.
Schoieten,. 8vo.
OLIVER CROl\l'VELL; lvllole lengtlt,. zn ar1JlOllr;
OF ENGLAND.
,
203
taJ1ding; on a globe,. " Inspirato Diabolica,." 5101die1
s
and others cutting d01vn H The Royal Oak of Brit-
tayne ;" slJ1all folio.
OLIVER CROl\i\VELL, with. his Page. Trevithian.
o LIV ER CRO l\I'V ELL, on horseback,. "InvictissÏ1llus
Archistrategus Pt"inzarius in Anp;lia prÏ1na,
;c. Duce,
et Auspice Christa." Psabn 91, verse 13; 4to. rare.
OLIVER CROl\IWELL, lord-protector. Bullfinch del.
R. Cooper sczÛjJ. FroJJt the original in the collectioll of
Earl Spencer.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL, milord-protecteur, &c. on
horseback.
O. CROl\I\VELL, the late protector, on horseback "
4to.
OLIVER CHOl\I'VELL. B. lJIoncornet eLl'c. 4to.
OLVERIUS CROl\I'VELL. Coenard WaUllzans se. 4to.
OLIVER CRO:M'VELL. P. a Gunst sc. large sh..
OLIVER, lord-protector, began his governJJlcnt,
'c.
c. 4to"
OLIVER CROl\tIWELL; inscribed O. C. a snlall oval,
1JleZ,Z.
OLIVER CnOl\I\VELL, with an eng'raved border, which
is fro7Jl a different plate,. Stent; Iz. slL.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL. T. Jenner f. 4to.
CROl\I\VELL, my lord-protecteur, &c. a French,
print, 4to.
OLIVEU CROl\I'VELL; oval; hcads ,of ](ing David,
294 BIOGRAPIIICAL HISTOR Y
SOI01JlOll, AleLrander, and Cæsar, at the corners qf the
print; 127110.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL, standing 'lvitlz. a boole in his
hand bet'lvi
t
t two pillars; various e'Jnble111s. Faithorne
se. sit.
I do not remember to have seen more than two p....oofs of .this
fine print; Mr. 'Valpole has one, and Mr. Gulston another. lVIr.
Bull has the original drawing. The face was altered to that of
King William.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL; inscribed "Tyrannus;" Per-
fidy and Cruelty crowning; hiJJl with a 'lvreatlt of vÍJ.]ers ;
4to.
This is before the " Life of AgathocIes, the tyrant of Syracuse,"
12mo. It is placed there as the portrait of AgathocIes, but it is
apparently that of Cromwell.
OLIVER CnOl\l\VELL; {/ head fro11l his cro'lvn-piece,
by Sinzon. Vertue sc.
OLIVER CROl\nVELL; a 'J7zedallion, inscribed, "Oli-
var. D.G.R.P. A.L'TG. seo. Hiberniæ, Protector."
Reverse, Cromwell 'lvith his head in Britannia's lap, his
backside bare; French and 1)panish a17zbassador. The
latter attenzpts to kiss his backside, but is pulled back by
the forl71cJ'", with these words inscribed, "Retire toi,
l"honneur apartient au roi, mon maître:" i. e. "
ìaJld
off, t!tat honour belong's to the king' 17lY 'J7lafJter."
The medallion is also engraved in the "IIistoire Metallique de
la Republique de Hollande."
The single print is very rare. Mr . Walpole has the medallion
from which it was taken: both these are sometimes to be met with
in the hands of the curious, in Holland."
11ft There is an historical print of Cromwell's investiturc, or inauguration, by
HolJar.
OF ENGLAND.
295
OLIVERIUS CROl\I'VELL, &C. "Sat doctus versare
dolos." Beneath tile oval is the head of Charles I. and
several otller heads of the Royalists, 'lvlzo were e..'l'e-
cuæd. '
The following anecdote is related by Dr. George Hickes. A
gentleman came to Oliver to beg a lock of Charles's hair for an
honourable lady. " Ah! no, sir, saith CrOlllwell, bursting into
tears, that must not be; for I swore to him, when he was living,
that not a hair of his head should perish." -" Some Discourses on
Dr. Burnet and Dr. Tillotson," p. 25.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL; drawn and eng'râved by JV.
Bond, fro11z a half-leng,th portrait; painted by Walker,
ill 1655; ill the possession of Oliver C'l'O'l72 well, esq.
8vo.
CROl\I"rELL; a whole length, with a crown on llis
head. Before his " Character;" 12Jno.
Another whole lellg'th of hinz, which represents hint
in a frig'ht, lvith Colonel Titus's panlphlet in his hand,
and surrounded'loith !tis gllards. Beneath the print,
'lchich is poorly engraved, is the author's address to hinz;
h. she
This address is prefixed to the celebrated pamphlet entitled,
" Killing no l\lurder," written by Silas Titus, a man of wit, and
secretly published in 1657, under the fictitious name of 'Villiam
Allen. It was eagerly bought up by the royalists, at the high
price of five shillings. The writer exerted all his rhetoric to per-
suade the people to assassinate the usurper; and,' as l\lr. \V ood
gravely says, " offers Oliver many convincing and sati,ifying reasons
why he should kill himself; and 'Very fairly gives him his choice
of hanging, drowning, or pistoling himself; shews him the abso-
lute necessity of it, the honour he would gain by it, and, in a word,
uses such arguments as might have prevailed upon any body but a
hardened rebe1." Cromwell was exceedingly terrified at the pub-
lication of this spirited piece; and was, as some imagined, almost
2 96
- llIOGRAPHIC1\L IIISTORY
prevailed with to take the author's advice, from a dread of falling
by some ignoble hand. *
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL; as a fanatic preacher, witlt a
')}zask ill his hand,. and as an c.:veclltione1", 'lvitlt the head
of Charles L
o LI VElt CRO l\I"TELL; in a pulpit, 'lDitlz a triple
cr01vn on his head;1' preaching after the battle of Wor-
cester.
OLIVER CROl\l"'"ELL; dissolving' the LOllg' Parlia-
'JJlent,. "Beg'one YOll TogllCS.-This house to lett," (.
'"tc.
'rare. Copied by
Iliclzal'dsoll.
OLIVER CROl\IW ELL; dog and lion fig'ht;1. Crol1l-
tee II baiting' the lion (representing' the seven provinces)
7vith tîDO bull dog's.
o LIVER CRO
\l"TELL; dancing on the tig'ht rope.
o LIV ER C RO l\I'VE LL; surrollnded by FaiJfa.r, Blake,
and others;1' 1!àthcr Peters blowing ill his ear,
'c.
· Titus, wbo was not known to be the writer till after tbe restoration, had a
colonel's commission given him by Charles II. who made him one of the grooms of
his bed-chamber. He, sometimes, to divert the king, or sink a declining favourite,
practised buffooneries better suited to Bartholomew fair, than to the court of a prince
who certainly understood decorum and politeness. t Though Titus had pleaded
strongly in parliament for the exclusion of the Duke of York, he was I!O less urgent
for the abolition of the test and penal laws, as the surest bulwark against popery.
In the reign of King James, he was sworn of the privy council. He died in 170.1-,
aged 8
.*
t Such low arts were practised by him, and not without Sllccess, to d(ograt1e the
Earl of Clareudon in the esteem of Charles.
t Colonel Titus's only child, who died an ancient maiden, in the reign of
George II. had a whole room full of her father's papers; some of which Dr. BI;md,
ùean of Durham, "horn she permitted to inspect them, told me were very curious.
Sht' made her man and maid her heirs, except leaving 10,000l. to }
erdinando
Fairfax, ('sq. anù I l\llOW not what became of thcll1.-I..oTIU OnrORI).
OF' ENGLAND.
297
OLIVER CnOl\I'VELL; with a triple crown on his
Ilead,. in the bacl;: g'rollJld the e,,
1eclttion of Charles L
OLIVER CRO:\I'VELL; as an ape on a throne; the
Dutch asleep,. France and Spain quarrcllinÆ',
'c.
OLIVER CRO)I'VELL; Dog and Lion dance,. CrOlll-
!lvel! traJJzpling' on tile ar171S of El1g'land.
o LIV ER CROl\['VELL; 'lvitlz a serpent's tail; FaiJfa.:r
presenting' hint a crown.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL, rfjectiup; the offers of peace
'JJzade by the Dutch.
o LIV ER C RO ::\1'V'E LL, on Fortune's 'lvlzeel, vonziting
Cr01VllS, sceptres,
'"Ic.
OLIVER CnOl\I'VELL, dissolving the Long Parlia-
'lnent. B.. West lJÏn.r. J. llall sculp. 1789.
OLIVER CROl\l'VELL, dissolving' the Long Parlia-
'Il1cnt; half sheet,. copied frol1z Ifall's print h!J B. Read.
lUg.
OLIVER CRO
U'VELL; his cffig'ie standing in state at
SOJ/zcrset-hollse. J. Caldlval! sc. 8vo.
OLIVER CROl\I'VELL, lying' in state at Some sel-
Jlollse. J. Caldu'alt sc. 8vo.
In the "Letters of Mr. Hughes," &c. vol. ii. p. 308, it is said,
that the best picture of Cromwell is that which was in the pos-
session of Sir Robert Rich, at Rose Hall. At Sir Thonlas Frank-
land's, in Old Bond-street, is another portrait of hhn, with the
crown hanging over the arms. Dcssau carried this picture to
Portugal, where it was bought by Sir Henry Frankland..
· The print mentioned in H nghès's U Letters," as most like the authentic family
pictures of Cromwell, is before l\Ir. John Kimber's anonymous Life of O. Crom\\ell,
and was engraved by Vcrtuc, 172....
VOL. 111. 2 (
298 BIOGRAPIIICAL JIISTORY
There is, in the possession of the Rev. Dr. Edward Cooper, of
Bath, a portrait of Cromwell, which belonged to the commissioner
Whitelock; and another, called Cromwell's \Vife, which was the
property of Zincke, the painter, who presented it to Dr. Cooper"s
father. This picture is without character, and very unlike the print
of her, which I believe to be genuine.
This great man, whose genius was awakened by the distractions
of his country, was looked upon as one of the people, till he was
upwards of forty years of age. He is an amazing instance of what
ambition, heated by enthusiasm, restrained by judgment, disguised
by hypocrisy, and aided by natural vigour of mind, can do. He
was never oppressed with the weight, or perplexed with the intri-
cacy of affairs: but his deep penetration, indefatigable activity,
and invincible resolution, seemed to render hiln a master of all
events. He persuaded without eloquence; and exacted obedience,
more frOIn the terror of his name, than the rigour of his adminis-
tration. He appeared as a powerful instrument in the hand of Pro-
vidence, and dared to appeal to the decisions of Heaven for the
justice of his cause. He knew every nlan of abilities in the three
kingdoms, and endeavoured to avail himself of their respective
talents. He has always been regarded by foreigners, and of late
years by the generality of his countrymen, as the greatest man this
nation ever produced. It has been disputed which he deserved
most, "a halter or a crown;" and there is no less disparity betwixt
the characters drawn of him, and the reports propagated by his
enemies and his friends. Colonel Lindsey affirmed that he saw him
enter into a formal contract with the devil;* and Dawbeny has
drawn a " Parallel betwixt l\loses the man of God, and Oliver the
Protector."t He died in his bed, on the 3d of September, a day
which he had long esteeined fortunate, in the year 1658. The
French court went into mourning for him; but the famous Made...
moiselle de Montpensier disdained to pay that respect to the me..
mory of a usurper. See Class VII.
ELIZABETH CROMWELL, wife of the Pro...
"The story of this contract has at last been explained jn .Nash's U History of
,V oTcestersbire ;" it was not the devil, but a citizcn of VV orccstcr, who had the con-
ference with Cromwell.
t See H History and Policy reviewed," &c. by H. D. Lond. 16:}9; 12mo.
OF ENGLAND.
209
tecto
; in a black llood. In tlte upper part of tllC print
is a 1Jlonkey, * at tÌle bottoln are these lines.' .
From feigned glory and usurped throne,
And all the greatness to me falsely shewn,
And from the arts of governn1ent set free;
See how Protectress and a drudge agree.
The print which is neatly engraved, is prefixed to
a scarce and satirical book, entitled "The Court and
Kitchen of Elizabeth, called Joan CrOffi\Vel1, the Wife
of the late Usurper, truly described and represented."
&c. Lond. 1664, 12mo. The head has been copied
by Christopher Sharp, an ingenious turner of Cam-
bridge; and by 'V. Richardson.
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Bourchier,t and wife of Oliver
Cromwell, was a woman of an enlarged understanding and an ele-
vated spirit. She was an excellent housewife, and as capable of
descending to the kitchen with propriety, as she was of acting in
her exalted station with dignity. It has been asserted, that she
as deeply interested herself in steering the helm, as she had often
done in turning the spit; and that she was as constant a spur to
}1er husband in the career of his ambition, as she had been to her
servants in their culinary employments: certain it is, that she
acted a much more prudent part as protectress, than Henrietta did
as queen; and that she educated her children with as much ability
as she governed her family with address. Such a woman would, by
a natural transition, have filled a throne.! She survived her husband
fourteen years, and died on the 8th of October, 1672.
· This alludes to the famous adage of the ape, The higher it goes, the more it exposes
its fJUckside. The curious reader may see the original of it in Bayle's If Diet." artie.
HOSPIT AL, note (0).
t This gentleman was of the same family with tbe ancient Earls of Essex, of the
6ame name. His seat was in that county.
t James Heath informs us,
that she was a relation of l\Ir. IIamden's, and l\fr.
Goodwin's of Buckinghamshire; and that she was, by Oliver, "trained up and
9 See bis anonymous Life of O. Cromwell, entitled, U FlageJlulIJ," &c. p. 20,
dit. 167fZ.
300
BIOGR.APHICAL HISTORY
RiCl-IARD CnO
IV,lELL, lord-protector, &c.
cloalc, band, <S'c.
RICHARD, lord-protector, &c. Hollar f. 4to.
RI CHARD" &c. Guil. Haynes'lvortlt sc. h. sh.
RICHARD, &c. Galnnzon sc.
RICHARD, &c. in arl1l0ltr; Stent; 4to. Before Pari..
va/'$ " Iron Age," fol.
RICHARD, &c. Fred. Bouttats sc. llZ arl1l0ilr,. 4to.
RICHARD, &c. an etçhillg"; 4to.
RICHARD, &c. on horseback; view of Windsor Castle;
large slz. Stellt.
RI CHARD CROl\I'VELL, the D1eek knight; tlze giants
DesboJ'ollglz and Lanzbel..t leading" h inz by the 111"17lS;
wood-cut,. frontispiece to the first part of " Don JuaJl
LaJ1zbcrto, or a C07Jzicaillistory of tlte late TiJJzes,"
'aid
to be wl"itten hy Flatnzan.
RICHARD Cn.Ol\I'VELL. T. Cross; 4to.
made the waiting-woman of his providences, and lady-rampant of his successful
greatness, which she personated afterward as imperiously as himself;" and that
" the incubus of his bed made her partaker too in the pleasures of the throne."
'Ve are told by an Italian author,. that he gradually and artfully assumed the go-
vernmeut at the instigation of his wife. Sir James Burrow, in his" Anecdotes and
Observations relating to Cromwell," invalidates the charge brought against her by
this
riter. I know no more of her, but that, about thc timc of the restoration, she
very prudently stole out of town, and Ii\'ed for the remainder of her life in the
obscority of retirement. 1 am credibly informed that sbe was a consiùerable time
in Switzerland.
· Nicholas Comnenus Papadopoli, in his cc Historia Gymnasii Patavini," tom. ii.
lib. ii. sect. 241. His words are, " Ducta CantaLrigiæ uxore, hac impellente, ad
gerendam rempnblicam sensim ac dissimulanter accessit."
OF ENGLAND.
301
RICHARD CROl\I'VELL. J. Galll1J20Jl.
RICHARD CROj\I'VELL, OJl horscbac/t" R. GaY'lvond;
8171all folio.
RICHARD CR01\I"rELL, on horseback,. vie'lo of LOll-
dOll "'in Sillzon's ".lJfedals," p. 32.
RICHARD CROj\I'VELL. Cooper; S. Hardin!!;, 1792;
frOJ7l a uziniature at Sïralvberl'y-hill.
RICHA RD CRO:U'VELL, eldest son of Oliver Cro1l1-
well; drawn and eJlÆ'raved by W. Bond,. froJn a three
quarter portrait ill the possession of Oliver CroJJl'lcclt,
esq. 8vo.
It was impossible that the feeble and un
kilful hánd of Richard
should long hold the reins of a government, which his father, with
aU his vigour and dexterity, found so difficult to retain. lIe suc-
ceeded him in the protectorate; but as he was heir to none of his
great qualities, he was presently deposed frOll1 that dignity, which
he quitted without reluctance; and probably experienced 1110re
solid happiness in retirement and obscurity, than Oliver did at the
height of his glory. He passed the last years of his life, in great
privacy, at Cheshunt, in Hertforùshire, under the assumed name of
Clark. In the latter part of his life, he appeared at a trial in \Vest-
minster Hall, where the Lord-chanceHor Cowper, 011t of respect to
his former greatness, ordered him a chair.*" He is said to have
carefully preserved a trunk full of adùresses, which ,,,,ere sent to
him on his accession to the protectorate,t and to have bequeathed
them to his friends. Ob. 13 July, 1712, jEt. 86,:
· All the descendants of Oli\"cr Cromwell, of the mare line, now subsisting, are
from his Joungt>r son Henry- See an authentic account of the family, subjoined to
Dr. Thomas Gibbon's Sermon, preached on the death of 'YiHiam CWI11\\eIl J esq.
July 9, 1772.
t The practice of addressing commenced on the accession of Richard. His
short continuance in his high station gained him the nick-name of u Tumble ùown
Dick."
* See Noble's II History of the Protectorate H on5e of CromweJl," for a particular
account of this family. through all its various conncxions and dependencies.
302 BIOGRAPIIIC
I\L HISTORY
IIEl\'"RY CROl\J\VELL; frolll an original}>ictllre
ill the collection of the Duke of Devonshire. I-Ial'dintJ'se.
4to.
HEXRY CRO:U'V EI.L; fro17z all original picture lit
the possession of ThoJ7zas Griffith, esq. Jeffery e.l'C.
IIE
llY CnOl\I"TELL; a half leng;tlt, in al"lJlOU1.; 'JJlez'.z.
DU1l1iarton se. 4to.
IIENRY CRO
l"TELL, second son of Oliver Crom-
well; drawn and engraved by W Bond; frOllt a half
length pOl
trait painted b.y F. Christian da Sart; in the
possession of Oliver CroJ7l'lcell, esq. 8vo.
Henry Cromwell, the fourth, but second and youngest, son of the
Protector Oliver, was born at Huntingdon, January
O, 1627; and
baptized the 29th of the same month, at the church of All Saints
in that place: his education was finished at Felsted-schoo], in
Essex. As soon as it was possible, his father took him into the
par1iament army, raised to oppose King Charles I. In 1647, he
was becOlne captain of the genera], Sir Thomas Fairfax's, life-guard.
In August, 1649, he went with his father into Ireland, to ql1ell the
Roman Catholic rebellion, being then a colonel: he with Lord
Broghill, in A pri1, 1650, fell into Lord Inchiquin's quarters, and
killed one hundred and sixty of the enemy, and took one hundred
and twenty foot prisoners, with their officers, and one hundred and
fifty gallant horse; and in the year following, he assisted at the
siege of Limerick.
In 1655, he was sent to Ireland, with the commission of major-
general of the army only, that it might not displease the governors
of that kingdom, particularly Fleetwoor\. He came to Chester, in
his way to Ireland, June 2, where he remained till the 23d, upon
which day he dispatched a letter to ThurJoe, secretary of state,
acquainting him, that he was treated both by the country, in his
journey, and whilst there, with a great deal of respect: fI'mn
Chester he went to Holyhead, where he arrived without anyacci-
dent, July 5; he was greatly shocked to find only two Ininisters
in the whole Isle of Anglesey, and requested that an order might
be made to increase the number of clergy. He spent some time in
the western parts of the kingdom, and was constantly treated with
OF ENGLAND.
303
.
every mark of esteem, particularly by the cavalier party. Upon
his arrival in the bay of Dublin, the Inen of war that accompanied
him, and other ships in the harbour, rang such a peal wit11 their
cannon as though something more than usual was to be expected by
the honour of his coming; and when he went on shore, he was
met by most of the officers, civil anù military, about the town.
Great caution and secrecy were used by IIenry for some tinIe, to
cover the real business for which he was sent; but when it was
found that it would be impossible longer to curb the spirit of tbe
republicans, who were secretly supported by the Lord-lieutenant
Fleetwood, he produced his commission of lord-deputy of Ireland,
and commander-in-chief, dated November 25, 1657; but to qualify
what he knew would be distasteful to many there, others were
joined with him in the civil administration; but all would not do:
the officers of the army had been long used to oppress the native8,
and to advance their own fortunes; they had been intent upon
little else than confiscating their estates to their own use; they
therefore were very far from approving the government of one, who
they knew would put a stop to their excesses; and, besides, he
did not regard their political sentiments in the best light; and
wished, by luoderation and condescension, to unite the whole king-
dom, and conciliate the affections of each party to the other; they
therefore had the hardihood to petition the Protector to restore their
old chief governor Fleetwood, whose narrow confined notions, and
weak understanding, were more easily made subservient to their
projects.
But flenry, by the wisdom and equity of his administration, Soon
procured the love of the Irish, who regarded him as a blessing:
this was the sentiments of the moderate and wise of all parties;
and this it was that procured him a counter-address to the Protector
beseeching that he might be continued their governor; and the
nation was ruled with such skill by him, that it was become, from
the most deplorable kingdom in Europe, by far the happiest of any
part of the British dominions; and the most satisfied with the
Cromwellian reign; for when the officers of his father's own regi-
n1cnt openly spoke their dislike to his goyernment, the army and
each of the counties in Ireland, expressive of their attachment to
the government, as then established, declared their readiness to op-
pose all who should endeavour to make any alteration in the state.
Upon his brother Richard's accession to the protectorate of
England and Scotland, he procured him to be proclaimed and ac-
304 BI 0 G ll_A_P II ICA L IIIST OR Y
knowledged also sovereign of Ireland: but he bad but ill return
for his care anù attention. Richard durst not venture to renew his
-commission, but upon the terms some of his council acquiesced in;
and those who were the secret enemies to the family of Cromwe1J,
and the office of protector, confined his powers so Inuch, that he
could scarce be called chief governor. They were weal, enough to
suppose, that by altering the title of lord-deputy, to lord-lieutenant,
it would satisfy him; but they were mnch mistaken, for he greatly
resented their ill usage. . He governed Ire]and with great moderation
until the downfal of his brother, when he retired into England to
his estate at Spinney Abbey, near Soham, in Cambridgeshire,
where he spent the rClnainder of his life, descending from the toil-
some grandeur of governing a nation, to the humble and happy
occupation of husbandry. This truly great and good man ended
his days in peace and happiness, and died March 23, 1674, very
n1uch and very generally respected, and was buried on the 25th
within the communion rails of \Vicken church, close to his mother t
over him is a black marble stone, inscribed,
" HenricHs Cromwell, de Spinney, obiit XXIII
die Martii Anno Christi MDCLXXIV.
Annoq. 1Etatis XLVII."
C LAS S II.
GRE1\T OFFICEIlS OF STATE.
BULSTRODE "\VHITLOCKE, (lord-keeper). See Class VI.
COL. NATI-li\NAEL FIENNES, (lord privy-
seal). Vandcrg'uclzt sc. 8vo.
Pn'mot!'d Nathaniel Fiennes, second son to Lord Say, engaged with zeal
Juue,16;Jj. in the service of the parliament. But his courage was by no means
proportioned to his zeal, as he surrendered the city of Bristo], of
which he was governor, after a siege of two days. He was tried
and condemned for cowardice, but fouud mcans to procure his
pardon. He soon after attached himself to the Independents, and
, .
OF ENGI
AND.
305
was one of the most considerable leaders of that party.- He was
a frequent and copious speaker in parliament, to which his talents
were much better adapted than to the field. Many of his speeches
and pamphlets, relative to the civil war, are in print. See a cata-
loo-ue of them in "Athen Oxon." Ob, 16 December, 1669.
o
GREAT OFFICERS OF IRELAND.
GENERAL IRETON.Cooperp.Houbrakensc.174Ij
Illust. Head. III the possession of David Polhil, esq.
The Lord-deputy IRETON; sold hy Walton; ?vlzole
leng,th; large 8vo.
HENRY IRETON, &c. Vandergllcllt sc. 8vo.
HENRY IRETON; on /zorseback; ,
'1nall quarto,. no
inscription,. 1'tare.
HENRY IRETON; fol. w: N. Gardiner, 1797.
HENH.Y IRETO
; autog'raph and seal,. in Cau!fteld's
" Hig;1z Court of Justice<'
Ireton, who on several occasions had signalized his valour and
conduct in the field, approved himself a Ulan of spirit and capacity
in his government of Ire1and. He proceeded upon Cromwell's
p1an, and gave abundant proof of his being every way qualified
for that extensive command. Though naturally a lover of justice,
he made little scruple of sacrificing even that to liberty, of which he
was passionately fond. He died at the siege of Limerick, the 26th
of November, 1651, sincerely lamented by the republicans, who
revered him as a soldier, a statesman, and a saint. In Crull's
" Antiquities of 'Vestminster Abbey" is a curious panegYIic, which
was intended for his monument: it is written in a very exalted
strain, far beyond the COlnmon cant of epitaphs.t Ireton had by
Promoted
June, 16:'0.
· Fjl'nne
. Cromwell, Vane, and St. John. were at the head of that faction.
t II Creuas pro Dco militassc lrctonum, pro Irctono DculU," &c.
VOL. III. 2 It.
30G
ßJOGRAPTIICAl. ITISTORY
his wife Bridget, eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, a daughter,
named also Bridget, who espoused Thomas Bendish, esq. In
Watts's "Lyric Poems," is a copy of verses addressed to h
r.* See
the preceding reign, Class VII.
LIEUTENANT -GENER_J\L
Walker p. Houbraken se. 1740.
ThoJJzas Cooke, esq. Illust. Head.
LORD-DEPUTY FLEET'VOOD;
vhole leug,tll; iJlarJJIOllr.
FLEETWOOD.
In the collection of
· Bridget Bendish, grand-daughter of Oliver Cromwell, resembled him, more
t1lan any of his descendants, in the cast of her countenance and character. She, on
some occasions, appeared with all the dignity of a princess; ap.d, at other times, had
as much the appearance of a low drudge of business, being as laborious as she was
intelligent in the management of her salt-works. After she had harassed herself
with toil, she was as careJess how or where she slept, or what she eat or drank, as
CharJes XII. was in the course of his campaigns. Her presence of mind on no
occasion forsook her; nor was she ever known to betray the least symptom of fear.
Sometimes, after a day of drudgery, she would go to the assembly at Yarmollth,t
where the greatness of her manner, and the superiority of her understanding, never
failed to attract respect. She was never known to break her promise; nor, in her
common conversation, to pay much regard to truth, as it would have been rashness.
to have affirmed any thing as a fact because she said it. Her charity appeared to
be a virtue of the beart, as well as the hand. She exercised it in all places, and on
every occasion; but in thc e}..ertion of it. frequently left her debts unpaid. Her
piety was strongly tinctured with enthusiasm. She, on emergent occasions, would
retire to her closet, where, by fasting, meditation, and prayer, she would work up
nerspirit to a degree of rapture, and then inflexibly determine her conduct by some
text of Scripture that occurred to her, which she r(>garded as a divine revelation.
She would frequently fawn, dissemble, and prevaricate, and that for low, if not
sinister ends and purposes; and was, indeed, the jest and admiration, not only of
her friends, but even of her servants. who justly regarded JJer
s one of the best
mistresses in the world. She had the highest veneration for the memory of her
grandfather, whom she re,'crenced as a consummate hero aDd glorified saint. She
died in the year 1727, or 1728. This imperfect and contrasted sketch is chiefly
taken from her character more at large, by Mr. Samuel Say. a dissenting minister,
who was intimately acquainted with her, aud drew her from the life. See the Ap-
pendix to the second volume of the" Letters," published by Mr. Duncombe. See
also the third volume, p. 168, &c. where arc many curious and interestmg anecdotes
of herself and family. "\Ve are there informed, that the print prefixed to the Life
If Olive}' C,'olluæll, in octavo, said to have been published by the late Bishop
Gibson, about the Jcar 1723, nearly rcsembles 1\l1"s. BCl1dish as well as thc Pro-
tector. \
.Þ
t Sh<.> li\T('d at South Tm\ n, in that llcighbourhood.
OF ENGLAND.
307
The LORD-DEPUTY FLEET'VOOD, on horseback.
Fleetwood, who, aH well as Ireton, was son..in-law to Cromwell, *
was a very useful instrument to that artful man, who knew how to
avail himself of falnily-connexions. The character of Fleetwood
was very different from that of Ireton: he had no great skill as a
soldier, and less as a politician; but he bad a very powerful influ-
ence over the bigoted part of the army. He thought that prayers
superseded the use of" carnal weapons;" and that" it was suffi-
cient to trust in the hand of Providence, without exerting the arm
of flesh." He would fall on his knees and pray when he heard of
a mutiny among the soldiers; and was with the utmost difficulty
roused to action on several emergencies. In 1659 he was declared
commander-in-chief of the army. This was done by the intrigues
of Lambert, who intended to make the same use of him that Crom-
well had done of Fairfax. He died soon after the Revolution. See
Class VII.
C LAS SIll.
PEERS.
EDWARD SOMERSET, marquis of 'V orcester.
Bocquet sc. In Park':s " Noble Autlzors;" 1806.
ED'V ARD SOMERSET, marquis of Worcester, and
earl of Glamorgan. Harding,. 1800; in Co,,
'e's
" JJIoJl'JJZouthshire."
The Marquis of Worcester, t a zealous Catholic, and a luan of
courage and enterprise, was much in the favour and confidence of
Charles I. who is said to have dispatched him into Ireland, to
treat with the rebels of that kingdom, and engage them in his ser-
vice, in opposition to the parliament. The other powers which
were granted him, were of so extraordinary a nature, as to strike
· Fleetwood married Ireton's ,,,idow.
t lie is better known in our historil's hy the title of }
arl of Glamorgan.
Promoted
1654.
308 BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTORY
many of the royalists with astonishment. Nothing but the despe-
rate situation of the king's affairs could apologize for such strange
steps.. In 1663,thepublished a small book, entitled "A Century of
the Names and Scantlings of such inventions as I can at present call
to mind to have tried and perfected, which (my former Notes being
lost) I have, at the instance of a powerful friend, endeavoured now,
in the year 1656, to set these down in such a way as may suffi-
ciently instruct me to put any of them in practice." At the conclu-
sion he says, " This making up the whole century, and preventing
any farther trouble to the reader for the present, meaning to leave
to posterity a book, wherein, under each of these heads, the means
to put in execution, and visible trial of all and every of these in-
ventions, with the shape and form of all things belonging to them,
shall be printed by brass plates."
A practical mathematician, who has quickness to seize a hint,
and sagacity to apply it, might avail himself greatly of these
Scantlings, though little more than a bare catalogue. It is ex-
tremely probable that Captain Savery took from the marquis the
hint of the steam-engine, for raising water with a power made by
fire, which invention alone would entitle the author to immortality.t
That of stopping a vehicle, by instantly letting off the horses, seems
to have been derived from the same origin.
I am informed by the
reverend and ingenious Mr. Gainsborough, of Henley, brother to
the painter, on whose judgment in the mechanic powers I have rea-
son to rely, that this book is far frOln being such a collection of
whims and chimeras as it has been supposed to be: on the contra-
ry, he highly esteems the author as one of the greatest mechanical
geniuses that ever appeared in the world.
WILLIAM CAVENDISH, marquis of Newcastle;
. Sir Edward Hyde. in a letter to secretary Nicholas, dated 1646-7, says, IC I
care not how little I say in that busines
of Ireland, since those strange powers and
instructions givcn to your favourite Glamorgan, which appear to me inexcusable to
justice, piety. and prudence." He adds, a little below, H Oh! l\lr. Se(Oretary,
those stratagems have given me more sad hours than all the misfortunes in war
which have befallen the king." Chancellor Clurendon'8 " Slate Papers," vol. ii.
p.337. '
t The date should he 1665.
t See an account of it in Dr. Desaguliel"s's \V orks. See also thc II Scantling
."
r\o. 68.
See " Scantlings'" No. t 9.
OF E:\'GL.AND.
nnn
tJV",
11 is 'Jnarc/z ioncss and their fa'Jniiy. Diepellbel
e del. P.
Clollvet se. h. she prifLl'ed to "Nature's Pictures,
drawn by Fancy's Pencil to the Life;" 1656, folio.
This beautiful print is very scarce. It was done when the family
was at Antwerp. See the reign of CHARLES I. Class III. and that
of CHARLES II. Class IX.
In the marquis's fine book of horsenlanship is a
print ofCHAIlLES, viscount MANSFIELD, and Mr.
HENRY CAVENDISH, on horseback; the marquis
and marchioness, their three daughters, and their hus-
bands; namely, the Earl of BRIDGE'V ATER,* the
Earl of "BULLINGBROOKE" andl\tJr.CfIEYNE,
are under a colonnade, as spectators. The plates
for the English edition of this book are the same
with the French, but the latter has the finest im-
pressIons.
JAMES STANLEY, earl of Derby. Log;gan f.
lllr
'e 4to.
JAJIES STANLEY, &c. copied front the above. Vcr-
tlie sc. In tILe set of Loyalists"
J A:\IES, earl of Derby; oval,. 8vo. III "Claren-
don's llistory."
· Elizahp-th, danghter of \ViIliam, then earl of Newcastle, married Jolm Egerton,
earl of Bridgewater, in the 19th year of his age. He desired that it might be rc-
corded on his tomb, that H he enjoJ'ed, almost twenty-two years, all tlte happiness
that a man could receive in the sweet society of the best of wives." It might be
added, with truth, that the virtues and the graces conspired to render her one of the
best and most amiable women. She died the 14th of June, 1663, in the 37th year
of her age, having left a numerous issue. The worthy earl, \\lho, upon bef decease.
was one of the most disconsolate of men, as he had been one of the happiest uf
husbands; and who, for many )'ears, may be said to have ('Ilflured. rather than cn-
joyed life, died the 26th of October, 1636, in his (J.ilh year.
ke more (.If both thc
t'
persons in Collins's u Peerage."
3]0 BIOGRAPIIIC.AJ
JIISTORY
JAl\lES STANLEY, earl of Derby; Harding'.
JAl\IES STANLEY
earl of Derby; ill Winstanley's
" lJIartyrology;" 1665.
JAl\l:ES STANLEY, earl of Derby; 'in "Noble Au-
thors," by lffr. Park; 1806.
JAl\IES STANLEY, seventh earl of Derby. E.Scriven
sc. 1815; fronl the orig'inal of Vandyck, in the collec-
tion of the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby,. in AIr.
Lodg'e's "Illustrious Portraits."
Lord Hyde has an excellent picture, by Vandyck, of the Earl
and Countess of Derby and child, whole lengths. It was brought
from Cornbury, and is esteemed the mòst capital in his collection.
1\lr. Walpole has a painting of the countess.
Created The Earl of Derby gave many signal proofs of his valour in tlle
1486. civil war; particularly in that memorable action near Wigan, in
26 Aug. Lancashire, where, with 600 hosre, he, for two hours, bravely
1651. withstood a corps of 3000 horse and foot, commanded by Colonel
Lilburne. We can easily believe this, and much more, of a man
who could write so spirited a letter as that which he sent to Ireton.*'
I-Ie was taken prisoner at the battle of W Ol'cester, and beheaded
in violation of a promise of quarter, given him by Captain Edge,
into whose hands he fell. He was executed the 15th of Oct.
165] .t
GEORGE, lord DIGBY, earl of Bristol. Van-
dyck p. Houbrakt1l sc. In tIle collection if the Hon.
John :J!Jencer, csq. Illust. liearl.
. See the letter in H Hume's History," or in tbe Ie Catalogue of Royal and
N obte Authors."
t The heroine, his countess, who so bravely defended Latharn.house, witll no
less bravery defended the Isle of JUan. Here she looked upon herself as queen,
and disdaincd to submit to regicides and usurpers. She was the last person in the
BTitish dominions, that yiclderl to the republic,
OF ENGLAND.
311
GEORGE DIGBY, earl of Bristol; ill arl1l011r; half
length,. fol. W. Hollar,. 1642; Teare.
GEORGE DIGBY; earl of Bristol. Bocquet sc. In
" Noble Authors," by lJIr. Park,. 1806.
He succeeded to the title of Earl of Bristol, the 16th of January,
1652-3. The portrait was painted in the former reign.
The Earl of Bristol, well known for his fine parts, his levity,
and extravagant passions, was secretary of state and privy-coun-
sellor to Charles II. at the time of the Interregnum. But he for-
feited both these offices, by reconciling himself to the church of
Rome, against which he had written several pieces of controversy.
He imputed his removal to the influence of his friend the Lord-
chancellor IIyde, whose ruin he afterward sought with all that
vehemence which was natural to him.* It is pity that the romantic
Created
15 Sept.
20 Jam. I.
· Among the excellent Ictters of the Lord-chancellor Clarendon, lately published,t
in the second volume of his II State Papers,"
is one addressed to Lord Digby,
in
which are some master-strokes, which shew at once the pious turn of mil1d, the
genius and f(iendship of the writer, and are also characteristical of the great man to
whom it is written. I shall, therefore, give the reader the following extract. It
seems that Lord Digby, after the wreck of his fortune in the civil war, had formed
a design of applying to the crown of France for employment and subsistence. His
friend, then Sir Edward Hyde,!! earnestly dissuades him from this dishonourable
expedient, telling him, that he could U no more be a servant or pensioner to an-
other crown, than he could marry another wife." "Borrow or beg," says he,
cc (it is very"honest) so much as will keep you alive and cleanly for one year; and
withdraw into a quiet corner, wherc you are not known, and where not above two
or three friends may hear of yon. If JOu can but live one ycar without being
spoken of at all, without being in a capacity of having your own or other men's
errors imputed to you, yon will find a strange resurrection of a good fame. In that
retirement you will revolve the rare accidents and misfortunes of your life; in the
consideration whereof, I fear, 'you have been too negligent; and, it llJay be, you
may believe you have encountered new and unusual dangers, because you have not
duly weighcd past and unusual deli\'erances. You will find as much of the inllne-
diate hand of God in both, as can be observed in the course of a man's life, much
superior to you in age, and it may be, in action. You may, in this disquisition,
t 1773. * P. 330,531.
It appears to have been sent from Jersey, as it was written 1646-7.
\I Sir Edward tells him in another letter, " I am so far from doubting your affec-
tion, that, if you should tell me you did not love me, [ would not believe you; for
I know it is not in your pow('r not to love me; fur I am very just and true to you,
and shall bring no shamc to JOu." Clarcndon's U Papers," vol. ii. p. 384.
3J2
BlOC RA PIIICA L II IS TO R Y
history of this nobleman's 1ife was never written. Dr. Swift, in one
of his letters, styles hin1 "the Prototype 0 f Lord Bolingbroke."
Birch. Ob, 15 l\1:arch, 1672-3. Æt. 64. Se
the reign of CHARLES I.
FRANCIS, lord \VITHERINGTON; from a
dra'lving in the King/'s "Clarendon." R. Cooper ð'C.
Lord \Vitherington was descended fronl a most ancient family in
Northumberland, and selected by Charles 1. as one of four to be
at-out the person of his son the prince, as gentlemen of his privy-
chamber. As soon as the war broke out, he was one of the first
who raised both horse and foot at his own charge, and served the
king most eminently under the Marquis of Newcastle; for whom he
had a very particular affection. About the middle of the war he
was made a peer of the realm, and constantly adhered to the king,
until his cause was entirely ruined; when he, in company with his
consider by what frowardness of fortune it comes to pass, that a man o{ the most
exquisite parts, of nature and art, that this age hath brought forth, hath been without
success in those very actions for which meaner men have been highly commended;-
that a man of the most candid and obliging disposition, of the most unrevengeful
and inoffensive temper and constitution, should not only have fewer friends in the
general crowd of lookers-on, than rn
J)Y stubborn and insociable complexions use
to find, but more enemies amongst those, whose advancement and prosperity he
hath contributed to, than ever man hath met with. And, without doubt, you will
discover somewhat no man else can discover, and enjoy an ample benefit by the
discovery, throughout the long course of your lif
that is to come. I do not invite
you to any morose or melancholy sequestering yourself from the world; if I am not
mistaken, it will be as cheerful and pleasant a part of your life as e\'er you enjoyed.
And after you have given your mind this diet, e).crcise, and repose, you will return
with greater vigour upon the stage; and any shift you shall then be necessitat
d to,
will be more justifiable to the world and comfortable to yourself."
Sir Edward, at the conclusion of this letter, intimates a desire of his making some
historical collections relative to this great work, of which he supplied some of the
ma fëriais.
*" Sir Edward, in a subsequent lettc.', dated from the H.lgue, November, 1648,
SlIYS, ., I confess 1 bave not virtue enough to restrain me within any bounds, if I
once let myself loose into this wilderness of l,rudcntial motives aud expedients."
He sap afterward, in the same letter, "Is it possible that you are the only man
that du not ðiscern a universal combination in all to ba,'e you quiet 1" It appears,
frum these passages, that Lord Digby's parts, however excelJcnt, were far from
Le;ng flf any service to his party. Hi3 disposition was so very mercurial. that no
thing was capable (1Í fixing it; aud while it rcu
aincd unfixed, was much more <.Ian-
gcrous than useful.
OF ENGLAND.
313
friend the marquis, transported himself beyond the sea, and was
attached to the service of Charles II. in whose cause he was killed,
fighting at Wigan, in Lancashire, a few days prior to the battle of
Worcester.
GIOVANNI, viconte MORDAUNTE.
tlzorne
'c. oval,. h. sh.
TV: Fai-
"
This is one of Faithorne's best heads. There is another, in a
small square.
GIOVANNI, viconte MORDAUNT; 'lVith arnzorial
bearings,. 4to. W. Richardson.
JOHN, viconte MORDAUNT; oval. (Birrell.)
This nobleman, who was father of the great Earl of Peterborough,
was the most active and enterprising of the royalists during the
usurpation. He possessed much of that vigour of body and mind,
which was afterward so conspicuous in his SOD. He made several
attempts to restore Charles II. for one of which he was brought to
a public trial. He behaved himself, upon this occasion, with his
usual intrepidity; evaded the evidence with remarkable address;
and was, after long debate, pronounced" Not Guilty." The ma-
IDent he was set at liberty, he began to be more active than before:
but his great merit created him many enemies, who traduced and
vilified him to the king. He was numbered with the neglected
royalists. Ob. 5 June, 1675, Æt. 48.-
Created
10 July.
1659.
SCOTCH PEERS.
"TILLIAM, duke of HAMILTON. R. Cooper sc.
WILLIAl\I, duke of HAl\IILTON. Vander
'ucht se.
8vo. In Clarendon's "History."
· The following persons are in the list of Cromwell's !ord!l; namely, Natllaniel
Fiennes, Charles Fleetwood, John Desborough, Bulstrode Whitlocke, Philip Skip.
pon, Francis Rous. See II Parliamentary lIi!ltory." vol. xxi. p. 167.
VOL. III. 2 S
Created
16 Nov.
1641.
Created
16 Nuv.
1641.
314 llIOCRAPIIICAL JIISTORY
WILLIAM, duke of HA1\JI LTOX. R. White sc.
William, duke of Hamilton, who was a man of too much spirit to
be neuter in the divisions of his country, was, in the civil war, car
ried by the popular current much farther than he intended to go.
In his character were united the accomplishments of the gentleman,
with the openness and sincerity of the soldier. In the fatal battle
of ,V orcester, he gave the strongest proofs of _ his courage and
loyalty. He died of a shot in the leg, which he received valiantly
fighting for Charles II. In the article of death, he expressed the
highest satisfaction, " that he had the honour to lose his life in the
king's service, and thereby to wipe out the memory of his former
transgressions, which, he always professed, were odious to himself."
-He was brother to the duke who was beheaded. . Ob. Sept. 1651.
ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, earl (marquis) of
Argyle. VaJlder
'ueht se. 8vo.
J Al\IES CAl\IPBELL, n1arquis of Argyle; four Eng-
lish verses; 8vo.
JAl\IES CAl\IPBELL, marquis of Argyle; in the print
if the "Anti-papists." J. Savage se.
J A l\IES CA l\IPBELL, marquis of Argyle. Harding se.
J Al\IES, marquis of Argyle. Benoist se. III Snlollett.:
The lVlarquis of Argyle was, in the cabinet, what his enemy the
Marquis of Montrose was in the field, " the first character of his
age and coun try for political courage and conduct." He was the
champion of the Covenant, or, in other words, of the religion of his
count!'y, which he zealously and artfully defended. Such were his
abilities, that he could accommodate himself to. all characters and
åll times; and he was the only man in tbe kingdom of Scotland,
who was daily rising in wealth and power, amidst the distractions
of a civil war. Much unmerited infamy has been thrown upon his
character, which is placed in a truer light than it ever was before,
in the" Biographia Britannica." He was, soon after the restora-
OF ENGLAND.
315
tion, condemned by his capital enemy, the Earl of Middleton, for
his submission to the English government, in the time of the usur-
pation; a crime, in which the bulk of the three kingdoms were
equally involved with himself. He was beheaded the 27th of lVlay,
1661.
JACOBUS GRAMIUS, marggraffvanMontrosse;
'lvith a vic'lV of his Cl'l'ecution; a Dutch print, 4to. See
the reign of CHARLES I. Class III. and VII.
AN IRISH PEER.
Effigies illustrissimi domini CÆCILII CAL-
VERT, baronis Baltimore, de Ba]tinlore, in regno
Hiberniæ; abso/uti dOllLÏni et proprietarii Pl"ovÙ1Ciar'l171l
Tel"l"æ iWal o iæ, et Avaloniæ, in Arnerica,
'c. An. D01ll.
1657 . Ætatis 5 I. Ahra. Blooleling' sc.
His portrait is in the gallery at Gorhambury.
Cecil Calvert was son of George, the first lord Baltimore, who
was some time secretary to Sir Robert Cecil, lord-treasurer. He
afterward became secretary of state to James I. by whom he was
created a peer. He obtained the grant of the province of Mary-
land from Charles I. I t is observable that this country was for-
merly reckoned a part of Virginia..
· Francis Nichols, author of the U Irish Compendium," informs us, that t
e
title of Baltimore was conferred by Charles I. and that Cecil Calvert first received
tbe grant of :Maryland from that prince; in both which particulars he appears to be
mistaken. See Wood, i. col. 565. See also CI Magna Britannia," vol. vi. p. 506,
507.
r;
Created
16 Feb.
1624.
316 BIOGRAPIIICAL HISTORY
CLASS IV.
THE CLERGY.
ARCHBISHOP, AND BISHOPS.
JOSEPH IIENSHA W, bishop of Peterborough;
in the "O
:iford Abnanack," 1749.
Joseph Henshaw, descended from the Henshaws of Cheshire;
was born in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate; and at eighteen
years of age, entered commoner of Magdalen Hall, in Oxford, 1621,
aud afterward became chaplain to Digby, earl of Bristol. Wood
says" he was much in renown for his admirable way of preaching,
but when the nation was turned topsyturvy, by the iniquity of the
Presbyterians and other discontented people, he was despoiled of
all, suffered much for the royal cause, was a brand snatched out of
the fire, and lived for some time at Chiswick, in the house of Lady
PauJet." After his majesty's restoration, he was made dean of
Chichester; and in 1668, was elected to the see of Peterborough.
He died in 1678, at his house in James-street., Covent-garden, and
was buried in the church of East Lavant, near Chichester.
JOHN 'VARNER, bishop of Rochester, and
founder of Bromley College. Hal
dillg sc. In Lysons's
"Environs of London," 1796. His portr'ait is also in
the "O.lj'ord Abnanack," 1742.
,
John Warner, born in the parish of St. Clement's Danes, was a
fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; where he was esteemed a
good logician and philosopher. He was made one of his majesty's
chaplains, prebendary of Canterbury, governor of Sion College,
and dean of Lichfield. In 1633, he was promoted to the see of
Peterborough; and in 1637, consecrated bishop of Rochester. He
stood forth a zealous defender of the constitution, and was the
Jast bishop who exerted his eloquence to preserve the ancient and
undoubted right of his order to sit in parliament. Not long be-
OF ENGLAND.
317
fore the death of King Charles I. by his majesty's command, he
wrote a treatise against the ordinance for the sale of church lands,
and published several sermons against the murder of the king. He
lived to see tbe happy re-establishment of church and state, and
shewed both the piety and munificence of his disposition. He dis-
tributed 80001. among meritorious clergymen, who had been ejected
from their preferment, and performed many other pious and liberal
acts. He was also the munificent founder of Bromley College, for
the support of twenty widows of loyal and orthodox clergymen.
He died 1666, Æt. 86. See Wood's" Athenæ," Hasted's" Kent,"
and Lysons's " Environs."
WILLIAM LUCY, bishop of St. David's; in the
"Oxford Almanack," 1749.
William Lucy was descended from an ancient family at Charl-
cote, in Warwickshire; and was entered as a knight's son in Trinity
CoHege, Oxford, 1610; soon after went to Lincoln's Inn; from
thence to Caius College, Cambridge, where he took the decree of
bachelor of divinity, and was afterward made chaplain to George,
duke of Buckingham, and rector of Burgh-clere and High-clere, in
Hampshire. He was often disturbed for his loyalty, and at last
sequestered: but after his majesty's restoration, he became bishop
of St. David's. He was a person of singular candour and virtue,
which, in the worst of times, gained him great esteem from the very
enemies of his order and function. Ob.1677, Æt. 86. For his writ-
ings, &c. see Wood's" Athenæ." .
JACOBUS U8SERIUS, archiepiscopus Arma-
chanus, &c. holding' a ð'cull; fr'ontispiece to his" Fune-
ral
'erJ]zon," hy Dr. Nicholas Bal
'J
a'rd.
Archbishop Usher, who very sincerely lamented the distress of
his brethren, - and as sincerely wept over the ruins of the church,
· The bishops suffered great hardships during the usurpation of Cromwell; and
many of them were deprived of all means of subsistence. In the preceding reign,
they were often insulted with the opprobrious appellation of U dumb dogs;" and
they were now frequently called in derision, U poor dogs;" and that by persons.
U whose fathers they would have disdained to have set \\-ith the dogs of thl'ir
flock."t .
t Job. XXI. ver. 1.
318 BIOC;ltAPHICAL HISTORY
was much courted by Cromwell, who was proud of expressing a
regard for so great and so good a man. He died the 21st of March,
1655-6, and was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey,
by command of the Protector, who bore half the expense of his fu-
neral; the other half fell very heavily upon his relations.
JOHN RICHARDSON, D. D. bishop of Ardagh;
aged 74, Anno Dom. 1653. T. Cross $C. 4to.
JOHN RICHARDSON, D. D. aged 74, An. Dom.
1653; 4to.
Richardson.
John Richardson, born of an ancient family in the county of
Cheshire, was educated in the university of Dublin, where he was
graduated doctor of divinity, and afterward made bishop of Ar-
dagh, in Ireland. He was a grave man and good divine, verifying
the rule, Bonus Textarius bonus Theologus, for he carried a concor-
dance in his memory. He was author of " Choice Observations,
and Explanations upon the Old Testament," foJ. 1655, to which his
portrait is prefixed. Ob. 1658, Æt. 74.
See an anecdote of him in the reign of Charles II. Class IV.
Article ,V A TSûN .
EDWARD US PARRY, episcopus Laonensis. J.
Dicl.;son f. 1660. O.roll. 4to.
Edward Parry, a prelate of Irish extraction, was a man of an
acute genius and an exemplary character. He was consecrated
bishop of Killaloe, the 28th of March, 1647; and died the 20th of
July, 1650. He was author of " David restored, or an Antidote
against the Prosperity of the wicked, &c. in a most seasonable Dis-
course on the 73d Psalm. Opus posthumum." 8vo. 1660; to which
his portrait is prefixed. He was father of John and Benjamin
Parry, successively bishops ofOssory. See lVood, ii. col. 605.
OF ENGLAND.
319
INFERIOR CLERGYMEN.
EDWARDUS REYNOLDS, S.T.D. Log-gansc.
h. sit.
Dr. Reynolds was dean of Christ Church. See the reign of
CHARLES II.
JOHANNES O'VEN, S.T.P. dean of Christ Church. See the
reign of CUA RLES II.
JEREMY TAYLOR, D. D. P. LOJ7zbart sc. with-
out his Jlanze. lVIotto, ".1Von ulagna loquÙJlur, sed
f)ivinzus,
"c." Frontispiece to Ilis "Ductal" Dubitan.
tiulu ;" .folio.
JERE
lY TAYLOR, D. D. with the sallze nlotto. Be-
fore his "Measures and Offices of Friendship ;" ad-
dressed to the fanzous Mrs. Catharine Philips, 1211zo.
This excellent man, who had too much learning and unaffected
piety to be thought orthodox at this period, was deprived of his
benefice, the rectory of U ppingham, in Rutlandshire, and retired
into Wales, where he kept school. In his retirement, he wrote
most of his valuable works. See an accou!lt of hiln in the reign of
CHARLES II.
BRIANUS 'VALTONUS, S. T.D. &c. LOJJzbart
sc. afine head. Frontispiece to his "Polyglot Bible /'
fol.
BRIANUS W ALTONUS, S. T. D. IV: Richardson.
Dr. Brian \Valton was a native of Cleveland, in Yorkshire. After
acquiring the rudinlents of learning, he was sent to Magdalen Col-
lege, Cambridge, from whence he removed to Peter House, and
took his master's degree there. Afterward he becalne rector of
320 BIOGRA PHICAL HISTOR Y
Sandon, in Essèx, and St. Martin Orgar's, in tondon. On the
breaking out of the rebellion, he was a faithful adherent to the
royal cause, which occasioned him to be ejected from his livings,
and forced to fly to Oxford; where, having leisure, he first thought
of publishing the " Polyglot Bible." In 1645 he formed the design
of that great work, which was published in 1657.* In 1653 he
was actually engaged in it, as appears from a letter that he wrote
to Archbishop Usher.t This Bible, which is beautifully printed in
six volumes foHo, is in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Vulgate, Syriac,
Chaldee, Samaritan, Arabic, Æthiopic, and Persic languages. Dr.
Walton was, soon after the restoration, promoted to the bishopric
of Chester. Ob, Nov. 29, 166l.
It is scarce known, that an English piece of his was first printed
in the" Collectanea EccIesiastica" of SaJlluel Brewster, esq. Lon-
don, 1752; 4to. It is called, " A Treatise concerning the payment
of Tyths in London." In the Life of Dr. Edward Pocock, prefixed
to his " Theological Works," are SOllle curious particulars relative
to the London Polyglot.
DOCTOR JOHN GA UDEN; a whole length,. he-
fore his" Hieraspes, a Defence, by way of Apology,f01'"
the ltIinistry and 1Jlinisters of the Church of England,"
1653, 4to. There is a very sUlal1 whole leng,th, intended
for hinz, before !tis "Tears, Sighs,
;c. of tlte Church
of England," 1659, folio, which is his principal work.
DR. GAUDEN; a scarce and curious portrait, prifi.l'ed
to a libel of Milton's upon the "E;KtJV BaO'LÀLKJ]," entitled
"E;KwvaÀ1]BLvrÌ," Lond. 1649, 4to. It is in tlte engraved
frontispiece to this paJnphlet, which represents a curtain
drawn up by a halld, and discovers Gauden peepinB' out.
At the top, alae these words:
'c Spectatum admissi, risulll teneatis ?"-
. This was the first book published in England by subscription. Blome, a noto-
rious plagiary, afterward carried the practice of publishing books in this manner to a
greater height than any of his contemporaries.
t See IC Gen. Diet." Artie. \V ALTON.
OF EN G I.iAND.
321
lJudeJ'"Jlcatlt are the follo1oiu{!; verses:
" The curtain's drawn; all may perceive the plot,
And him who truly the black babe begot;
\Vhose sable mantle makes me bold to say,
A Phaeton Sol's chariot rul'd that day:
Presumptuous priest, to skip into the throne,
And make his king his bastard issue own!
The author therefore hath conceived it meet,
The doctor should do penance in this sheet,"
Anothe]", diffel"cnt, u'it!z tu'elve ve1
8es.
See sonze account of the panzphlet in Kennel's "Re-
gister and Chronicle," p. 776, 777.
DOCTOR JOHN GAUDEN; an etching,. 4to.
JOHN GAUDEN, &c. oval,. in Nas!z's "Worcester'-
shire. "
John Gauden, a native of I\Iayland, in Essex, and rector of
Bocking, in that county, was a man of ingenuity and learning, and
author of several books, which gained him a very considerable re.
putation. He had a hand in the publication of the" Eikon Basi-
like," and has been reputed the author of it; but that he actuaUy
wrote it is abundantly disproved by external and internal evidence.*
He was, after the restoration, successive]y promoted to the bishoprics
of Exeter and ,V orcester. He died the 20th of September, 1662,
aged 57, The reader may see a remarkable account of his d<,ath,
at p. 97 of the curious" Letters of Abraham Hill, esq." I mention
this, as it disproves a fanatical story concerning it, the purport of
which is, that it was owing to the promotion of Dr. l\Iorley to the
bishopric of 'Vinchester, upon which he had set his heart. 'Vho-
ever examines the writings of the royal and reverend authors, will
find them specifically different; and must, from taste and sentiment,
conclude, as well as from the peculiar circumstances of both
writers, that Charles could no more descend to write like Gauden,
than Gauden could rise to the purity and dignity of Charles. The
· See the Appendix to Dr. John Burton's tI Genuineness of Lord Clarendon's
History," YV- agstatfc's "Vindication of King Charles I." &c.
VOL. Ill. 2 T
322 ßIOGRAPIIIC..\L IIISTOR Y
style of the divine is more debased with the pedantry, than em-
bellished with the elegancies of learning. *
DR HE
RY HAMMOND; fronl an o1"ig'inal
]JictllJ"e in the flaIl of lYIap;dalen Colkg'e, OJ_ford. Cla171jJ
sc. 4to.
Henry Hammond, one of the mo
t learned divines in the seven-
teenth century, was born at Chertsey, in Surrey, Aug. 18, 1605;
and was the youngest son of Doctor John Hammond, physician to
Henry, prince of 'Vales, who was Henry Hanlmond's godfather,
and gave him his own name. He received the early part of his
education at Etol1, and in 1618 was entered at l\lagdalen College,
Oxford; where, in 1622, he was chosen a deroy, and after taking his
degrees in arts at the regular time, he was, in the year 1625, elected
fellow.
In 1629, he entered into holy orders, and four years afterward
was inducted into the rectory of Penshurst, in Kent, conferred on
him by Robert, earl of Leicester, who was extremely affected by a
SerlTIOn he preached at court, for Dr. Frewin, president of l\lag-
dalen College, and one of the king's chaplains, who aHowed 1\11'.
Hammond on that occasion to supply his place. In 1638, he pro-
ceeded doctor of divinity, and in 1640, he was chosen one of the
members of the Convocation, called with the Short Parliament
in the April of that year. In 1643, he was made archdeacon of
Chichester; and the same year was named one of the Assembly of
Divines, but never sat among them. He continued undisturbed
at his living till the middle of July, 1643; but joining in the fruit-
less attempt, then Inade at Tunbridge, in favour of the king- and a
reward of 100l. being promised to the person that should produce
him, he was forced to return privately, anJ in disguise, to Oxford;
where, having procure(l an apartment in his own college, he sought
that place in retirement and study, which was no where else to be
found.
In the beginning of the year 1645, he was made one of the ca-
nons of Christ Church, and appointed one of the king's chaplains in
ordinary; but when Oxford surrendered, in 1646, his attendance as
· 1\lr. Granger did not live to see the puhlication of the last volume of I_ord
Clarendon's works, which contains a letter that may stagger the ad,'ocatcs for the
royal origin of the II Ejkon TIasilil\.c," and which accounts for his lord
hip's silence
011 this suhjcctø
o FEN G LA l'T D.
323
chaplain ceased; yet, when the king fell into the power of the army,
he was permitted to attend hinl again, in his several confinements
at Woodburn, Feversham, I-Iampton-court, and the Isle of 'Vight;
at which last place he continued tiU Christmas, 16<-17, when all his
Inajesty's servants were put away from him.
The trial of King Charles approaching, he wrote an address to
the General (Lord Fairfax) and the council of officers, which he
transmitted to them, and published. His grief for the death of his
royal master was extreme; but after having indulged it for a time,
he resumcd his studies, and, in 1653, he gave the public his great
work, the" Annotations on the New Testament," which, in 1698,
was translated, with corrections and anin1adversions, by the cele-
brated Le Clerc..
A few weeks previous to the restoration of Charles II. on the 4th
of April, 1660, he was srizcd with a fit of the stone, of which he
died at 'Vestwooù, on the 24th of the smne month; and his 1'e-
nlains were deposited in the burial-place of the Packington family,
at Hampton-Lovett, in a chapel built by Sir ThOlnas Packington in
the year 1561.
ALEXANDER ROSSÆUS; Æt.63. L01Jzbart se.
B(fore his " l
aJlsebia, or Vic'zo of alllleligioJls;" 8vo.
ALEXA N DER Ross. J. Clarke sc. 1733.
ALEXANDER Ross, with a key in his hand; 'lL'ltolc
length,. before his" lJIllses' Interpreter /' 8vo. Another,
81/1all; 1110tlO, "llos ct unzbra SllnlliS :" before his
" Continuation of llalcigh's IIistory."
Alcxander Ross, a native of Aberdeen, in Scotland, was master
of the grammar-school at Southampton, and chaplain to Charles I.
lIe was author of a considerable number of books, in J..atin anù
English. lIe published, in the former of these languages, a ccnto
on the life of Christ, entitleu, " Virgilius Evange1izans;" wl1ich is
vcry ingenious, and was descrvcdly admired. It was collected
entirely from Virgil. It is well known how different a ('('nto was
gatherc(l by Ausonius from that chaste poet. Our author's grcat
work is, " A Continuation of Sir Waltcr Rakigh's History of the
\V orId." This i
like a picce of bad Gothic tacked to a ma
'nitìcent
324 BIOGRAPHIC
\L IIISTOH. Y
pile of Roman architecture, which serves to heighten the effect of
it, while it exposes its own deficiency in strength and beauty. He
was so unfortunate as to attack Sir Kene]m Digby, Dr. Hervey,
and Sir Thomas Brown, and to disparage their great abilities. This
hurt his reputation more than the meanest of his writings could
possibly have done. Db. 1654, Æt. 64.*
July 8,
1658.
DR. JOHN HEWIT; si.1 ' Eng'Zish verses; 8vo.
JOHN HE'VIT, D. D. Vanderguc/zt sc. 8vo.
DR. JOHN HE"rIT, beheaded June (July) 8, 1658.
JOHN HE 'v IT ; four Latin verses; in GaY'lcood's
'Inanller, 8vo. His head is before llÌs book on Repentance.
DR. JOHN HE"'I,!,; 8vo. OJlOnYJ1l011S.
Dr. John Hewit was employed by Charles II. in agencies betwixt
his friends, and collecting money for his support. He was disco-
vered by a spy of Thurloe's, and tried by a high court of justice, in
which Lisle presided. He denied the jurisdiction of the court, and
was, with little ceremony, condemned for contumacy. He was be-
beaded at the sanle time with Sir Henry Slingsby.
IVIrs. Claypole, Crornwell's favourite daughter, was a very impor-
tunate, but unsuccessful advocate with her father in his behalf.
When she lay upon her death-bed, she upbraided hin1 with the blood
that he had spilt, and spoke with uncommon emphasis of his cruelty
with respect to Hewit. Such a remonstrance from a beloved child,
in so affecting a situation, must have sunk deep into his mind: it
was strongly suspected that his consience took the alarm, and was
never at rest from that moment.
Vera Effigies LAMBROCI THO
lAS, S.S. T. D.
D. SaviZ fecit; T. Cross sc. 8vo.
* * * * * * * * *
,. Alexander !toss, bishop of Edinburgh, was probably of the same family with tIle
above-mentioned person. He was deprived of his bishopric in 1689, and died in
17
O. "He bad the chance to outlive all the brethren of his order, and aU the
bishops likewise in England, who had becn posscssed of sees before the revolutioI1."
-Keith's" Catalogue of the bishops of Scotland," p. 41.
OF E
GLAND.
325
SYDRACH SIMPSON, late master ofPenlbroke
flaIl; black cap, boolì,
'c.
Sydrach Simpson, who received his education at Cambridge,
was, in 1650, appointed masterof Pembroke Hall, in that university,
by the parliamentary visitors. He was a minister in London in the
reign of Charles I. and much followed and admired as a preacher.
Dr. Preston, Philip Nye, Jeremiah Burroughs, William Bridge, and
Sydrach Simpson, were, as N cale informs us, cc the five pillars of the
Independent or Congregational party, and were distinguished by
the name of the dissenting Bretllren, in the Assen1bly of Divines."!If
Ob. 1654.
NICOLAUS LOCKYERUS, minister Anglica-
nus. Hollar f. 1643; 4to.
NICHOLAS {.lOCKYER, M.A. Hollar f. 12rno.
ill all oval,. four Ellg'lish verses.
N [CHOLAS LOCKYER; in an oval. W. Richardson.
Nicholas Lockyer was chaplain to Cromwell, and a frequent
preacher before the parliament.t He succeeded Francis Rons in
the provostship of Eton, of which he was deprived soon after the
restoration, and was himself succ.ceded by Nicholas l\Ionck, brother
to the general. He was afterward ejected from S1. Bennet's, Sheer-
hog, and Pancras, Soper-lane. He published in the reign of
Charles I. "England faithfully watcht with her ,V oUIlds, or Christ
sitting up with his Children in their swooning State; which is the
SUln of several Lectures, painfully preached upon Colossians 1.
by N. Lockyer, lVI. A." 4to. The title of this book may serve as a
specinlen of the strain in which aU his works are written. Ob,
1684.
· u Hist. of the Puritans," 4to. i. 623.
t He was a native of Glastonbury, in Somcrsetshire; and was some time of New
Inn Hall, in the university of Oxford. On the 31st of January, 1649, he was ad-
mitted fellow of Eton College, and elected provost, the 1st of Fcb. 1653-9. He
was succeeded by l\Ionck, the 1st of June, l()ôO.t
t E. HCßist. ColI. Etunclls.
326 nIOGR.APII]C.J.\I
JIISTOR Y
}{OBERTUS DINGLÆUS, in artibus n1agister.
1-Y. Cross sc. Before his" Spiritual 'I'aste described, or
a Glinl}Jse of Christ,
c." 1649; 8vo.
RODERTI DINGLEI; 8vo. fV. Richardson.
Robert Dingley was son of Sir John Dingley, knt. by a sister
of the excellent Dr. Henry Hammond. tIe was educated at IVIag-
òalen College, in Oxforò, where he was a strict observer of all
church cereInonies. He afterward became a zealous Puritan, and
was remarkably active in ejecting such as were, by that party, styled
" ignorant and scandalous ministers and schoolmasters." He was
rector of Brightstone, in the Isle of 'Vight, when his kinsman,
Colonel Hammond, was governor there. The Oxford antiquary
11as given us a catalogue of his works; the most extraordinary
of which is, "The Deputation of Angels, or the Angel Guardian:
I. Proved by the divine light of nature, &c. 2. FrOln many rubs
and mistakes, &c. 3. Applied and improved for our information,
&c. chiefly grounded on Acts xii. 15. Lond. 1654." 8vo. Db.
1659, lEt. 40.
ROBERT DIXON; all anoJlynzous portrait. 1V.
Reader piJl,,
'. J. ('OUillS sc. half sheet,. rare.
Robert Dixon, rector of Tunstall, in Kent, in the year 1644, wa
taken prisoner, as he passed through the Crown-Inn-yard, in
Rochester, on his return from preaching a funeral sermon at
Gravesend; and carried to Knole-house, near Sevenoaks, in that
county, then a prison for malignant/;, as the royal party were called.
From Knole, he was rewoved to Leeds Castle, Kent, also a prison
for the same pc.rpose, where he was kept cIo
e prisoner for about
fourteen months, suffering great hardship and ill usage, by one
Franklyn, the then governor. The crimes laid to his charge were
his loyalty to Charles I. and his refusing to take the oath, called
the solemn league and co.cenant. After obtaining his liberty he was
sequestered from his living; when a parliament party came to take
him at n1Ìdni
ht, swearing they would cut hinl as sma)] as herbs
for the pot. I-Iaving notice of their approach and intention, 1\1r.
Dixon escaped into Oak-wood, not far from his own house, where,
for about a week, he lay night and day, in fear of his life, and was
OF ENGLAND.
327
tllere supplied with small n1atters privately sent him, until in a lay
habit he fled, and so escaped that stOlom; but his house was rifled,
and himself and family completely ruined.
On the return of Charles II. Mr. Dixon was restored to his
living, and made prebendary of Rochester, and doctor of divinity,
at Cambridge, where he had his education in St. John's College.
He wrote several learned works, particularly a folio, entitled
" The Nature of the Two Testaments," &c. He died in l\Iay, 1688.
GULIELMUS OUGHTRED
Æt. 83; sLt' Latin
ve1"ses. lV
þ}tithorne f. e.ractly in the 1naJlJler of Hol-
lar; 12uIO. See an account of him in the preceding
reIgn.
EDWARD TERRY, rector of the church at
Greenford, Midd]esex; Æt. 64, ] 655. Vaug;/zaJl SC.
8vo.
ED'V ARD TERRY, &c. a copy of the above; no ua1Jze
of engoraver.
Edward Terry, a man of polite manners, and of exemplary life,
was chaplain to Sir Thomas Roe, in his embassy to the Great
Mogul, in the l'eign of J ame I. I-Ie was a curious observer in his
travels, as appears Îrom his " Voyage to East India, &c." 1655,
8vo. to which his head is prefixed. He was also author of several
sermons, and other pieces of divinity, and of "A Character of
Charles II.". He expected that the king would have preferred
bim to the deanery of 'Vindsor; but it was given to Dr. Bruno
Ryves, the noted authol o of the" lVlercurius Rusticus." See more
of him in " Athen. Oxon."
JOI-IANNES TRAPP, A. M. .lEt. 53, IG5t.
Caywood f. h. she Before his " E.l'position of the ttwelve
jJlinor Prophets." Ll worse ÍJnprcssion of this prillt is
· See" Athcn. Oxon,"
328 BIOGRAPIIICAI" HISTORY
before his" E;'lPosition of the Ne1v Testa1Jlcnt." UUdCl w
the head are
;Îx verses.
" One of this age's greatest little men, &c.".
JOHANNES TRAPP, A. M. ..lEt. 59, 1660; 4to.
John Trapp, vicar of \Veston-upon-Avon, and schoolmaster at
Stratford, in 'Varwickshire, appears to have been one of the most
laborious men of his age. He has written large comments upon
almost aU the books of the Old and New Testament, not to Inention
several pieces of divinity of less note. He never had, or even wished,
for any preferment besides his vicarage, which lay at the con-
venient distance of two miles from his school. His character for
strictness of life, and as a preacher, was such, that he was, on the
foot of his merit, offered very considerable benefices, which he
refused to accept, as his condition was equal to his wishes. He
was grß,ndfather of Dr. Joseph Trapp, late vicar of the united
parishes of Christ Church, Newgate-street, and St. Leonard's,
Foster-lane, in London.t Ob, 17 Oct. 1669.
BENJAMIN SPENCER; without his na1Jle;," ILis
right hand is on a scull. Cross sc. JJfotto, "Ferendo
epllltlls, spe1"alldo 1"esllltlls." Before llis "Golden
.1J([ean;" folio.
Benjamin Spencer, who was born in London about tbe Iatter
end of the sixteenth century, was probably educated at Cambridge,
as no mention is made of him by \Vood. He was minister of St.
Thomas's, in Southwark, and rector in Esher, in Surrey; but, being
a loyalist, he, by the iniquity of the times, suffered sequestration
and imprisonment. He was lecturer to the Inercers' company,
· This age wa
) famous for little men of great worth and eminence; namely,
Archbishop Lauc1, the Earl of Southampton, tbe Lord Falkland, Sir Charles Caven-
dish, brother to the :l\Iarquis of Newcastle, Siùney Godolphin, Hales of Eton, Daniel
Featley, Chillingworth, &c.
t Author of several books of divinity, and of an excellent series of Lectures of
poetry, in Latin. He also publisheù Latin translations of Anacreon and :l\1ilton,
and an English translation of Virgil, in blank verse. He has more successfully imi-
tated the gaiety of Allacreon, than the sublimity of l\lilton, Of the majesty of
Yirgil.
OF ENGLAND.
329
and chaplain to Sir John Jacob, of Bromley, in Essex, when he
published his book, which has the following quaint title, and nine
epistles dedicatory prefixed:* "Chrysomeson, a Golden Mean, or
middle Way for Christians to walk by; wherein all Seekers of
Truth, and Shakerst in the Faith, may find the true Religion,
independing on Man's Invention, and be established therein:
{ as a Kev to Christianity,
Intended as a To
chstone for a Traveller.
as a Seamark for a Sailor."
Speaking of this work, in his general epistle to the reader, he says,
" The outward figure of this book is like the dish called the' Olio,'
a mess of altogether, which I have so composed on purpose to give
content to every appetite; at least to some, &c. I have formed it
in the way of dialogue, because it is an inquisitive age, and also
because such ki nd of writing comes off n10re quick and home to the
understanding than long discourses, which oftentimes 'lJ.'earietn the
reader, and confounds the memory." This book was printed at
London, for B. S. the author, in 1650.
CAVE BECK. The fig'ure of the European, in the
frontispiece of this hook is, 'lDitlt g-r'eat p1"obability, sup-
posed to he his portrait.
Cave Beck, rector of St. Helen's, in Ipswich,t was author of a
book, entitled "The Universal Character, by which all Nation's in
the World may understand one another's Conceptions, reading out
of one common Writing their own tongues," 1657, small 8vo. The
· This was an expedient to procure money, as the practice of publishing books by
subscription was then unknown. I bave heard of an author who contrived much
better than Spencer. He prefixed a different dedication to a certain number of
printed copies, and addressed them to every great man he knew that he thought
loved flattery, and would pay him handsomely for it. But, perhaps, none of our
authors ever managed better than Dr. Fuller, who, in his" Church History," and
the Appendix to it, which make but one volume, has, with admirable contri, anee,
introduced twelve title pages besides the general one, and" as many particular dedi.
cations, and no less than fifty-eight or
ixty of those boY-inscriptions, which are ad.
dressed to his particular friends and bencfactors."
This swells the bulk of it to at
least the amount of forty sheets. HeyJin, in the pIcface to his" E;."amen lIistori-
cum," has censured him for walking in this untrodden path.
t The Seekers, and Shakers, or Quakers, were notable sects at this time.
t .' Fasti Oxon." ii. 35.
VOL. III.
Ht'ylin.
2 U
330 llIOGI1APIIICA L IIISTOR, \"
most considerable work of this k;nù is that of Bishop 'Vilkins, who,
as ,V ood says, took the hint of his treatise from George Dolgarno'&
"AI'S Signonull," &c. publi
hed in 1661. This person, who was a
Scotsman, was a schoolmaster at O
ford, where he died in 16870-
Mr. Leibnitz, who was in England in 1673, "told l\1r. Boyle
and
Ir. Oldenburgh, that he did not think either Dr. 'Vilkins or
Dolgarno had come to the point. They n1Ïght, indeed: enable
nations, who did not understand each other, to correspond eaEily
together; but they had n0t obtained the true real character, which
would be the best instrument of the human mind, and extremely
assist both the reason and memory, and the invention of things.
These characters ought to resemble as much as possible those of
algebra, which are very simple and expressive, and are never su-
))erßuolis or equivocal, but who
e varieties are grounded on reason.
1\11'. Leibnitz speaks somewhere of an alphabet, which he was con-
triving, of human thoughts. Probably this alphabet had some re-
lation to his uni\'ersallangu3g
."*
SAl\lUEL F.c\IRCLOUGH, A.l\I. &c. TT{!Jl IIove
SC. {J tunall head;t ill Clarke's "Lives /' folio.
SA
IU EL FA I He LOUG H; 8vo. in the "NOllCOllfoJ'JJl-
Ù;ts' lJICJJ10rial."
Samuel Fairclough, v;ho 'was born at Ha,'erill, in Suffolk, was
one of the most finÌshed scholars and celebrated preachtrs among
the Inodern Puritans of his time. He was educated at Queen's
College, in Cambridge, and was there supposed to be puritanically
inclined, when, at an early age, he was private tutor to Mr.
Compton, afterward earl of Northampton, and was chosen to act
the part of Surda, in the comedy of Ignoramus, which he obsti-
nately refused, though strongly solicited, and even laughed at for
l1Ìs refusal by the vice chancellOl'. He declared, that he thought it
unlawful for a man to wear women's clothes, though in a comedy.
Upon this declaration his pupil frankly oftèred to act his tllto;'S
part, and that of Vince, which was alottcd for himself. He was
some time lecturer at Lynn, in Norfolk, and afterward successively
minister of Darnardiston and Ketton, in Sutfolk, to which benefices
It Diog. Brit." arlic. '" lLKI1\S, notc (S.)
t This print maJ Le IJlaced here, or in thc reign of CharlC'3 I.
OF ENGLAND.
331
he was preferred by Sir Nathaniel Barnardiston. In 1662, he was
ejected for nonconformity, and was succeeded in the rectory of
Ketton by Mr. Tillotson, \vhom he resembled in several circum-
stances of his character. He was, in the pulpit, confessedly supe-
rior to any divine of his persuasion, and preached constantly four
times a week; once to the clergy, many of whom frequented IJis
lectures. His discourses were well digested and carefully committed
to writing before they were publicly delivered. He had then his
notes constantly before hinl; but such was the strength of his me-
nlory, tbat he scarce ever was seen to turn his eyes from the audi-
ence. This truly pious and worthy man died the 14th of Decem.
ber, 1677, aged 84. His funeral sern10n was preached by an emi-
nent conforming divine.
FRANCISCUS ROBERTS, Æt.48, 1656; h.sll.
Before his" ()lavis Biblioru171.'"
Francis Roberts, who was minister of 81. Augustin's, in London,
and afterward rector of Wrington, in Somersetshire, was an assist-
ant to the commissioners appointed by the parliament, for the ejec-
tion of such as were then called "scandalous, ignorant, ,and insuf-
ficient ministers and schoolmasters." He was author of several
pieces of practical divinity; but his principal work is "Clavis Bib.
liorum, or A Key to the Bible'" successively printed in 8vo. 4to.
and folio. Db. 1675. See a catalogue of his work sin "A the n.
Ûxon."
HENRY STUBBES; Ob. Jul,y (7) 1678, .lEt. 73 ;
121720.
Henry Stubbes was a puritan divine of distinguished merit, who
was educated at \Vadham College, in Oxford. In 1654, when he
resided in the city of 'VeIls, he was appo_iuted one of the commis-
sioners for ejecting "ignorant ånd scandalous ministers." ]\tIr.
Wood speaks of him as a seditious preacher; but Dr. Calamy, who
is acknowledged to be q writer of nlore candour, gives us a very
different character of him; and represents him as a man of great
humility, meekness, and charity, and "above aU factious induce-
n1ents."* Certain it is, that his incessant and disinterested labours
· See " C;,lamy's Account of the ('jected Ministers," p. 318, t't seq.
332 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
in the ministry, his practical writings, which breathe a spirit of
piety, and the correspondent life of the author, gained him great
esteem and reverence from the moderate of all persuasions.-l\Ir.
Baxter preached his funeral sermon.
JOHANNES GOODWIN, S. Theol. Cantabrig.
Ob. Anno Ætat. 72, 1665.
JOHN GOOD'VIN; with a wind-mill over his head,
and a weather-cock upon it; 4to.
JOHN GOODWIN; 'lvith a 'lvind-mill, 8sc. w: Rich-
ardson.
John Goodwin, minister of Coleman-street,. was a man who
Inade more noise in the world than any other person of his age,
rank, and profession. He had the hardiness to introduce Armi-
nianism among the Calvinists, which he bravely and zealously de-
fended, both in his sermons and writings. It is hard to say,
whether he displayed more courage in attacking or repelling the
enemy. It is certain that he had a very powerful body to deal with,
as it was said, that" he wa$ a man by himself; was against every
man, and had every man almost against him." His genius seemed
to be adapted to polemical divinity, and to an age of faction and
tumult. He was appointed by the council of war to attend upon
Charles I. a ]ittle before his execution. This was deemed an insult
upon fallen majesty; as no luan more eagerly promoted, or more
zealously defended the murder of the king. His discourses and
writings on this subject were well remembered at the restoration;
but it was also remembered, that he had SOWlI the seeds of
division among the sectaries, which is supposed to have saved his
]ife.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE, Æt. 35, Aug. 22, 1651.
T. Cl"OSS sc. 4to.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE, Æt. 35, IG52. Cross sc.
121110.
It U Johannes Goodwin, Norfolc." became felluw of Queen':. College, in Cam- .
bridge, in 1617. ,1\1S. Lambeth, Nu. 805.
OF ENGLAND.
333
CHRISTOPHER LOVE, in the pulpit. A. Conradus f.
large h. she
CHRISTOPHER LOVE; a s1Jzalloval.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE. Vandergucht sc. 8vo.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE; a snzall oval, in a squal"e.
(Cross.)
CHRISTOPHER LOVE. (Gaywood) oval fralne; 121no.
Christopher Love, who was successively nlinister of St. Anne's,
Aldersgate, and St
Laurence Jewry, in London, was author of
sermons, and other pieces of practical divinity,* which gained him
a considerahle reputation. He was convicted by the high court of
justice of holding correspondence with the king, and conspiring
against the republican government; for which he was condemned
to be beheaded. The strongest application was made to the par-
liament for his pardon, not only by his wife and friends, but also by
several parishes in London, and by fifty-four ministers; who could
only procure a respite of his execution for a month. He was be-
headed in July, 1651.
There is a sheet print of his execution, with a Dutch inscription.
scarce.
ARTHUR JACKSON. BOllest p. Logg'an sc. 4to.
Arthur Jackson, n1Ïnister of St. 1\1ichael, Wood-street, aùhered
strongly to the parliament, upon the commencement of the civil
war. He was a particular friend of Love, and refused to give evi-
dence against him; for which he was fined 500l. and committed
close prisoner to the Fleet. He, at the head of the Presbyterians,
presented the Bible to Charles II. when he made his triumphant
procession through London. There was a particular propriety in
choosing this person for that office, as he had written a commentary
upon several parts of it. This work, to which his head is prefixed,
is in three vols. 4to. He was a man of prodigious application. Dr.
Calamy informs us, that he "studied 14 or 16 hours a day, at the
'" His Sermons, in threc volumes 8vo. were published in 1652, 1654, and 1651.
with his funeral scrmon by Thomas Manton.
334
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
university; and.constantly rose at 3 or 4 of the dock in the morn-
ing, summer and winter, to redeem his time, and held it at" the age
of 73."* Ob, 5 Aug. 1666.
GULIELMUS BRIDGE. 5ïlet'win sc. 121120.
W ILLIAl\I BRIDGE. P. Hobnes,. 121120. altered and
inscribed "Hen1"}} Stubúes."
\V [LLIAl\I BRIDGE; in tlze "Nonconfol"nlists' MeJ7l0-
. 'rial. " Cald1vall sc.
William Bridge, who, in 1637, was silenced by Bishop Wren
for nonconformity, retired afterward to Rotterdam, where he was
ejected pastor of a congregational church. Upon the breaking o'nt
of the rebellion, he returned to England, and was chosen a member
of the Assembly of Divines. He was many years resident at Yar-
mouth.-In Peck's "Desiderata Curiosa,"t is a letter of William
Bridge to Henry Scobell, esq. clerk of the council, about aug-
menting the income of preachers, with the names of the Inde-
pendent ministers of prime note in the county of Norfolk. This
shews that he was a leading man among the Independents. He
was author of one-and-twenty treatises, in two vols. 4to. 1657;
Sermons before the parliament, &c. Ob.12 March, 1670, Æt. 70.
IVIR. JOHN :pUR.A.NT; U Ãfoderata Durant;"
sJJzall 8vo.
John Durant was a minister of special note at Canterbury, where
he usually preached in the cathedral church. 'Vhen the Bartho-
lomew Act took place, he was ejected thence for nonconformity.
He was author of several sermons; of "Comfort and Counsel for
dejected Souls;" and other treatises on similar subjects, in a very
singular canting style.!
.. See Calamy's " Account of the ejected 1\Iinisters," p. 3.
f Vol. ii. lib. xiii. No.9.
t In his" Sips of Sweetness," upon Isaiah xl. 11.
reprinted in 1662, are the fol-
lowing passages: " TVili gently lead tllOse that woe with young; that is, Christ will
" He shaH fecd his flock, like a shepherd; he shall gather the lambs with his
arm, and carry them in I.is bosom, and shall ,::ently lead those that are with young."
OF E:NG LA KD.
335
CUTHB
RTUS SIDENHAM, or (Sydenhan1),
Æt. 31, 1654. Ga.Y'lDoodf. Before his" Greatness of
the lJI!Jsterie of (;odlincss," 1656; Sz:o.
CUTIl13ERT S.IDEXIIA1\J, in a cloak.
"llypocrisie IJiscovercd," 1654; 8vo.
Cuthbert Sidenham, who was educated at Oxford, was author of
sermons, and other practical pieces of divinity. His" Hypocrisie
Discovered," &c. was the subject of seven sermons, taken from his
mouth, in short hand, by one of his friends, and published without
alteration.' It luust presently appear, to an attentive reader, that
that this circumstance is far from being a recommendation of these
discourses. '" He wrote a warm piece of controversy in vindication
of " the two honourable patriots," Oliver Cromwell and Sir Arthur
Haslerig; in which he has endeavoured to wipe off the aspersions
of the famous incendiary John Lilburne. Ob, lVIarch, 1654.
.'
Before his
be very kind to those saints t1mt step asidc." And he thus comforts those that are
big with young ill a sinful sense: " 0 ye
inning ewes, who have been big with
young! bath not h
gone after JOu, and found you, and laid :rou upon his
:shoulders, rejoicing? It may be, thou hast been wandering, like Dinah, from thy
father's honse, and art big with young, and afraid to go hume; but fear not, go and
try, he will not cast you out of dours, though you come with big bellies; he will
deal gently with you, though with Joung. And then it is our glory to bc Christ's
ewes; and then, when a woman is big with )'oung, and cries out, 0 1lI'y belly, my
belly! here is a point of comf\)rt, that Christ is sweet tu such persons." Afterward
he thus exclaims: " 0 blessed cwes! 0 believing ewcs! and 0 believing bees,
that suck the honey of sin-hatred out of the wormwood of sin actcd!" In another
placc, he tells us, that U Christ accounts their very stammerir.gs sweet. .l\leih,
meih! saith the little one, and the mother counts it music."f IncrediLI
as it may
seem, much in this strain was the popular eloquence that prevailed at this period;
eloquence that attracted cl'o\\dcd audiences, and which was cagerly cOlllluiucd to
writing by the dcvout scriues. "Of all mortals," says Sir John Bil'kenhead, " I
admire the short-hand \lien who have the patience to write from his IlJUuth: Had
they thc art to shortcll it intu sense, they might write his whole sermon 011 the back
of their nail."t .
. If some modern sermons werc taken down in short-hand, and published as tb<,y
were dclh'cred, it would be a clear proof of what the fooli;)hucs5 of preaching. aided
by the power of action, can duo
t See this. and more, in L'Estrangc's " Di::.senter'
Sa)'ings."
t " Chal'acter of ..111
\s
cmLly-l\lan," p. 17, iU.
336 BI 0 GRAPHICAL IllS TOR .Y
JOHANNES FROST, Æt. 31. Vaughan sc. 4to.
John Frost was fellow of St. John's College, in Cambridge, and
afterward pastor of the church of St. Olave, in London. He was
author of a volume of discourses, entitled "Select Sermons," &c.
J 658, fo!' to which is prefixed his head. He died about the time of
the restoration.
JAMES NALTON. J.Clzantrysc.12nlo.inonoval.
JAl\IES N ALTON, preaching. G.
f.
J Al\IES N ALTON; in an oval.
Richardson.
Jmnes Nahon was some time pastor of St. Leonard's, Foster-lane.
He was concerned in what was called" Love's Plot," and fled into
Holland, to avoid punishment for conspiring against the Inde-
pendent government. Baxter commends him highly for his great
piety and learning, and his uncommon seriousness as a preachen He
was often so deeply affected with his subject, as to shed tears while
he was preaching, and it was no unusual thing to see the tears
trickling down the cheeks of the congregation at the same time.
A discourse, with which the preacher appeared to be so sensibly
moved, could scarce fail of finding its way to the hearts of his
audience. This good man was, especially in the latter part of his
life, subject to n1elancholy, which sometimes threw him into de-
spair. He died of this horrid distemper, in December, 1662. A
considerable number of his sermons are in print.
MR. THOlVIAS CA WTON, Æt. 54; 8vo. Fron-
tispiece to his Life, 1662.
rrH01\IAS CA'VTON, Æt.54, 1659. J
Richardson.
Thomas Cawton, minister of Wivenhoe, in Essex, and afterward
of St. Bartholomew's, behind the Royal Exchange, was educated at
Qu
en's College, in Cambridge. He there laid the foundation of
that learning in which he had few equals, and began to distinguish
himself by that piety in which he had scarce a superior. He was
eminent for his knowledge in the ancient and modern languages,
and was well known in England and Holland as an orientalisi.
He was very instrumental in promoting the gre3.t work of the
OF ENGL.AND.
337
Polyglot Bible, and was an encourager of Dr. Castle's Polyglot
Lexicon. He was deeply concerned in Love 7 s unhappy affair, and
fled into Holland at the same time with N alton, where they were
joint pastors of the English church at Rotterdam. He died abroad,
the 7th of August, 1659. The account of his life is an artless
picture of a man who did great honour to his profession, and was
a pattern of virtue in every social relation. The author tells us,
that when Mr. Cawton first received the sacrament, he fainted:
and he ever afterward expressed the profoundest reverence, and the
most elevated devotion, at that awful solemnity. The very learned
Thomas Cawton, whose life is in the" Biographia," was his son.
OBADIAH SEDGWICK; sinall8vo.
OBADIAH SEDG'VICK; fro'J7z a picture in the pos-
session of N. Collis, bookseller, Kettel"ing, North amp-
tOllslzire. "Tv. Richardson.
Obadiah Sedgwick, who had been chaplain to Sir Horace Vere,
in his expedition into the Netherlands, was successively preacher
of St. Mildred's parish, in Bread-street, and minister of St. Paul's,
Covent-garden; where he preceded his son.in-law, Dr. Manton.
He was one of the Assembly of Divines, a trier of ministers, and a
frequent preacher before the parliament. He espoused their cause
with uncommon zeal, and was very forward, both by preaching and
acting, to carryon the great work of reformation "in church and
state.". He was author of a considerable number of sermons, and
other pieces of practical divinity. Ob. 1657.
· Sir John Birkenhead, speaking of the popular declaimers in the reign of
Charles I. says, u 'Tis pleasant to observe how finely they play into each other's
hands. l\IarshaIlt procures thanks to be given to Sedgwick; and (for his great
pains), Sedgwick obtains as much for l\larshall, and so they pimp for one another.
nut yet (to their great comfort be it spoken), their whole seven years' sermons at
'Vestminster, are to be sold in Fetter-lane and Pye-corner."
t Stephen l\farshall, an Independent, was minister of Finchingfield, in Essex.
He was, as Newcourt informs us, called "The Geneva BulJ,JJ
Wood styles him
t u Repertorinm," ii. p. 265. He had this appellation from Cleavelard, \'yho,
in his" Rcbel Scot," has this distich:
u Or roar, like Marshall, tl1at Geneva Bull,
Hen and damnation a pulpit fulJ."
VOL. III. 2 X
-338 BIOGRAPIIICAL IIISTOR Y
HEZEKIAH HOLLAND, n1inister of the gospel,
at Sutton Valence, in Kent; 8vo.
HEZEKIAH HOLLAND; 8vo. TV: Richardson.
Hezekiah Holland styles himself Anglo-Hibernus in his" Expo-
Eition, or a short, but full, plain, and perfect Epitome of the m03t
choice Commentaries of the Revelation of St. John," 1650,4to.
This was, for the most part, delivered by way of exposition, in his
parish church of Sutton Valence.
JOHANNES MURCOT, Æt.30. Faithornef. 4to.
Frontispiece to his Works; very scarce.
JOHANNES MURCOT, Æt. 30, 1654. TV: Richardson.
John l\lurcot, a.Presbyterian, studied at 1\1erton College, in Ox-
ford, from which he relnoved when that city was garrisoned for
Charles I. He was, for some time, a Ininister in Cheshire; and
afterward at Dublin, where he was one of the preachers in ordinary
to the lord-deputy. He was much admired for his preaching, was
a man of great industry in his profession, and of unCOl1unon strict-
ness of life. Mr. Wood styles him a " forward, prating, and prag-
Inatical Precisian;" and tells us, that he gave up the ghost, "very
unwillingly," at Dublin, the 3d of December, 1654. The authors
of his life inform us, that he longed for his dissolution, and ex-
pressed the greatest joy when it approached. See his Life before
his ,V orks.
Vera effigies JO. ROGERS. Saville p. Holla1" f.
1653. Arnls, a chevron belïDi
1:t three stags current. It
U the Archflamen of the rebellious Rout.". He, with his sonMin-Iaw, Philip N ye,
was sent to Scotland to expedite the covenant. Severa} 'years afterward, they were
appointed to treat with Charles I. at the Isle of 'Vight, for which each had a pre-
mium of 5001. ,Marshall, Nye, and Peters, are spoken of in much the same terms
by the royalists, as being alike preachers of resistance, and notorious for their zeal
nnd activity in promoting the rebeIlion. The most memorable of IHarshall's works,
is his sermon preached at the funeral of Pym, to which is prefixed the head of the
latter, by Glover.
· IC i\ thcnæ," ii. 38.
OF ENGLAND
339
nppcars that Vertlte's description of this portrait is ta/Len
fro1lt an irllpeliect prillt. See his "Catalog'ue of Hal..
tar's Works," first edil. p. 74.
JOHN ROGERS. R. Gaywood; s1Jzall oval.
John Rogers, who was Ininister of Purleigh, in Essex, became
afterward pastor of St. Thomas the Apostle's, in London. It ap-
pears, that he was also minister of Christ Church, in Dublin. He
was a great fanatic, and no less popular among the Anabaptists
and Fifth l\1onarchy Men, than I.ove was among the Presbyterians.
After Cromwell had deserted these sectaries, he took umbrage at
the great popularity and enterprising spirit of Rogers; and was
little less apprehensive of Feake, who was also regarded as a leadel'
of that party. * They were both Ï1nprisoned, anù the Protector \\'as
thought to act with extraordinary clemency in sparing their lives.
This was imputed to a secret regard that he retained for his old
friends the Independents. The writings of Rogers are of a very
singular cast. Zachary Crofton wrote an answer to a book of his,
entitled, "A Tabernacle for the Sun, or Irenicum Evangelicum, an
Idea of Church Discipline," 1653; before which is his head by
HoHar. The same person was author of "Bethshemesh clouded,
or some Animadversions on the Rabbinical Talmud of Rabbi John
Rogers."
DR. BAILEY; 817zall quarto; 1nezz'. Woodburn eLl'C.
Thomas Bailey, the fourth and young'est son of Bishop Bailey,
was educated at Cambridge, and having commenced B. A. \vas
presentt:
d to the sub deanery of \Vells by Charles I. in 1638. In
1644, he retired with other loyalists to Oxford; where, proceeding
in his degrees, he was created D. D. and two years after, we find
him with the lVlarquis of Worcester, in Ragland Castle, after the
battle of Naseby. In the year 1649, he published" The Royal
Charter granted unto Kings by God himself, &c. to which is added,
a Treatise, wherein is proved, that Episcopacy is Jure Di-âllo." 8vo.
These writings occasioned his being committed to Newgate:
whence escaping, he retired to Holland, and became a zealous
Ludlow informs us, tllat Rogers and S.}'mpsoIl, ministers, pleadled øg'linst
Cromwell's u
urpatioll,-" ,Memoirs," 11. p. 490.
340 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTORY
Roman Catholic. Some time after he settled at J:?ouay, and atlast
went to Italy, where he lived and died extremely poor.
THOMAS LARKHAM, &c. Æt. 54; 'lvithout tlte
eng1-aver's nanze; prifi.1'ed to his "Sermons."
THOl\IAS LARKHAlVr, Æt. 50, 1652. T. Cross; scarce.
Thomas Larkham, a zealous Puritan, was persecuted by the
Star-chamber, and other ecclesiastical courts, in the reign of
Charles I. which occasioned his flying to New-England. Upon his
return, he was chosen ministf'r of Tavistock, in Devonshire, where
he was greatly esteemed. He was author of several books; but
his principal work is his "Discourse of the Attributes of God, in
sundry Sermons," 4to. 1656. Db. 1669, Æt. 68.
THOMAS MOCKET, Æt. 68, 1670. Cross sc.
12mo.
Thomas Mocket, who wa3 master of arts of both universities,
was educated at Queen's College, in Cambridge. In the reign of
Charles I. he was minister of Holt, in Denbighshire, and afterward
of Geldesden, in Hertfordshire. He was chaplain to John Egerton,
earl of Bridgewater, when he was lord-president of the marches
of Wales. He was author of several books of practical divinity, of
which the most considerable is his "Gospel Duties and Dignity,"
4to. 1641. The most singularly remarkable of his works is entitled,
" Christmas, the Christians' grand Feast, its Growth; and Obser-
vation of Easter, Whitsuntide, and other Holidays, modestly dis-
cussed anù determined," &c. I..ondon, 1651.*
JOSEPH SYMONDS, late vice-provost of Eton ;
Æt. 50; 4to.
JOSEPH SVl\IONDS, &c. TV: Richardson.
Several pieces, written by a person of both his names, occur ill
the Sion and Bodleian Catalogues. They were printed in 1641,
· One of the popular topics or preaching at this time, was against festivals, to
,dlich fasts were somctimes 5ubstituted, merely from a principlc of opposiliou.
OF ENGI...AND.
341
1651, 1655. In one of these he is called" Minister of St. Martin's,
Ironmonger-lane." l\Iention is made of him, under that appellation,
in Archbishop Laud's" Account of his Province," for 1639. See
" The History of his Troubles and Tryal:' p. 559.
SAMUEL MOORE; in a black cap and cloak.
M"arshall sc. 8vo. Under the head in a small oval, is
this 1notto: "]{on est 'I1zortale quod opto." The print
'JJzay be placed here, or in the preceding reign.
He was author of a book caUed the " Yearnings of Christ's
Bowels," &c. printed in 1648 and 1654, 8vo.
"ROBERT MATON, preacher of the Word,"
&c. Cross sc. In MS. under the head.
Robert Maton, who was born at Tudworth, in Wiltshire, and
educated at Wadham College, in Oxford, was strongly possessed
with the millenary notions; and, like other enthusiasts, his con-
temporaries, seems to have dreamed that the Millennium would
have been ushered in by the rebellion. He was author of " Israel's
Reden1ption, or a Prophetical History of our Saviour's Kingdom
on Earth," &c. on Acts i. 6; 1642, 8vo. "A Discourse of Gog and
Magog, or the Battle of the great Day of God Almighty," on
Ezek. xxxviii. 2. "A Comment on the xx. Chapter of the Reve-
lation," 1652, 4to. "Isra.el's Redemption redeemed, or the Jews'
miraculous Conversion to the Faith of the Gospel, aud Return into
their own Land, and our Saviour's personal Reign on Earth, proved
from the Old and New Testament," &c. 1646. This was reprinted
under the tide of "The Fifth Monarchy," &c. in 1655, with his
head prefixed..
WILLIAM BENN. J. Cald'lvall sc. In the " Non-
conformists' lIIemorial."
"\ViHiam Benn, born in Cumberland, 1600, and educated in the
free-school of St. Bees, was member of Queen's CoHege, Oxford;
then he obtaincd a presentation to Okingham, in Berkshire, and
· See "\' uorl.
342 ßI 0 G RA PII I CA L II 1ST 0 R Y
did 'th
duty jointly with one Bateman. He was also appointed
chaplain to the Marchioness of Northampton, and continued in her
service till 1626; when, through the interest of John White, he
was made rector of Allhallows church, and preached gratuitously
to the prisoners in the jail within his parish. The place being
llluch frequented, he caused a chapel to be built within the prison
walls. He was ejected from his parish for nonconformity. It
was his custom to pray in his study seven times a day, and in his
}1rayers to give God thanks for certain deliverances of him from
danger in the course of his life past. He retired to Dorchester,
where he died, 1680, Æt. 80. At this great age he is said never to
have used spectacles.
THOMAS HILDER, of Sand\vich, in Kent, Æt.
53, 1651. His name is not inscribed. Unde'r the print,
which was engraved hy Vaug,'han, are eight verses.
" The effigies here on which you look," &c.
His dress denotes h Ï1n a puritan divine.
He was author of an uncommon book, entitled" Conjugal Coun-
sel, or seasonable Advice both to unmarried and married Persons,"
to which is prefixed his print, 8vo. It was written chiefly for the
use of Samuel, IVrehetabel, and Anne Hilder, his children, to whom
he has addressed himself in a long dedication.
HUGH PETERS, in the pulpit; a full cong'l'eg'a-
lion: he is 1'"epresented turning an hour-glass; near llim
are these words.' "I kJlOZV YOll are good fellows, stay and
take the other g'lass." Before his Life, by J;VilliaJJl,
Young, lJI. D. (a Welsh physicilln.) 121710. 1663.
HUGH PET ERS, in a pulpit,
"c. copied f'J'"ol]l the above,
and p1"tji..red to his" Jests."
HUGH PETEItS; u,itlt II 'lvÙzd-17Ûll on his head,
'c.
fV. Riclzardson.
I-IUGJI PETERS; in the print tvitlt John 1'11lrlow.
OF ENGLAN D.
343
HUGH PÈTERS; in the print of the Regicides.
HUGH PETERS, Æt. 57. P. Coles.
HUGH PETERS; whole length; standing on the COJJl-
1JlOn-Prayer,. councils drawing bap;s of llzoney witlt a
(,'0 rd. (
Faithorne.)
HUGH PETERS; in Caulfield's "Hig'h Court qf Jus-
tice. "
HUGH PETERS; with a wind-rnillon Ilis head.. Tile
devil is 'lvhisperin{!; in his ear, 8vo. To this print lvas
afterward qffi:red the name of Father Peters.*
Hugh Peters, who was the son of a merchal1tt at Fowey, in Corn-
wall, was some time a member of Jesus College, in Cambridge,
· Before Sir John Birkenbead's U Assembly-Man," which contains a general and
very satirical character of a fanatic divine belonging to the assembly at Westminster,
is a frontispiece, by }'aithorne, which is supposed to have been intended for Hugh
Peters, or some active zealot of that period. The figure is a whole length, in a
cloak, treading on the fathers, councils, common-prayer, &c.
Sir John, speaking of an Assembly-l\Ian, says,t ,I' His whole prayer is such an
irrational bleating, that (without a metaphor) 'tis the calves of his lips. He uses
fine new words, as savingab]e, muchly, Christ-J esusness ; and yet he has the face
to preach against prnyer in an unknown tongue.9
II Sometimes he's foundered; and then there is such hideous coughing; but that's
very seldom; for he can glibly run over nonsense, as an empty cart trundles down
a hill.
II His usual auditory is most part fe!ßale; and as many sisters flock to him as at
Paris on St. l\hrgaret's day, when aU come to church that are, or hope to be, with
child that year."
t See II H. Petel's's Legacy to his daughter," p. 98.
t P. 1 L l, 15.
9 Dr. South, in vol. v. p. 493, of his II Sermons," where he mentions the simpJi.
city of St. Paul's language, says, II This was the way of the apostles discoursing of
things sacred. Nothing here of the fringes # the north-stm.; nothing of nature's
becoming unnatural; nothing of the down of angel's wings, or the beautiful lochs of
cÌte1'ubims; no staa'ched similitudes, introduced with a thus have I seen a cloud 1"olling
in its airy mansion; and the like. No, these were sublimities above the rise of the
apostolic spirit; for the apostles, poor mort",ls! were content to take lower steps.
and to tell the world in plain terms, that he Uìl
o believed should be sm."ed, aud that he
who beliel'ecl 'lOt should úe damned."
344
BIOGR1\PIIICAL HISTORY
whence he is said to have been expelled for his irregular beha-
viour.. He afterward betook himself to the stage,t where he ac-
quired that gesticulation and buffoonery which he practised in the
pulpit.! He was admitted into holy orders by Dr. Mountaine,
bishop of London; and was, for a considerable time, lecturer of St.
Sepulchre's in that city: but being prosecuted for criminal conver-
sation with another man's wife,
he fled to Rotterdam, where he
was pastor of the English church, together with the learned Dr.
William Ames. lIe afterward exercised his ministry in New-Eng-
land, where he continued about seven years. He was a great
pretender to the saintly character, a vehement declaimer against
Charles I. and one of the foremost to encourage and justify the re-
beIlion.1I The historical and critical account of his life, published
a few years since, is chiefly taken from " A dying Father's last
Legacy, &c. or H. Peters's Advice to his Daughter." See the reign
of CHARLES II.
JOHANNES PORDAGE.
Faithornef. 4to. Pre-
· See his Life by Dr. Young, p. 6.
t Life, p. 7.
f The English language was much corrupted by the preachers at this period.
The eloquence of the pulpit differed widely from every other species, and abounded
with such figures of speech as rhetoric has found no name for... The language of
prayer was no less corrupted than that of preaching; the second person in the Tri-
nity was frequently addressed in the familiar, the fond, and the fulsome style;
much of which seems to have been borrowed from U The Academy of Compli.
ments," a foolish book published about this time.
9 Life, p. 20.
U 'Vhen Charles was brought to London for his trial, Hugh Peters, as Sir Philip
\Varwick says, U was truly and really his gaoler."tt Dr. \Vhite Kennet informs us,
that he bore a colonel's commission in the civil war; that he was vehement for the
death of tIle king; that it was strongly suspected that he was one of his masked
executioners; and that one Hulet was the other.-" Register," &c. p. 277. 284.
As I have never seen the book to which this head belongs, I am in doubt as
.. This is exemplified in a pñnted account of a sermon of Hugh Peters's on
Psalm evii. ver. 7. U He led them forth by the right way, that they might go to the
city of hahitation." He told his audience that God was forty years leading Israel
through the wilderness to Canaan, which was not forty days' march; but that God's
right way was a great way about. He then made a circumflex on his cushion, and
said, that the Israelites were led "crinkledum cum erankledum." See the story at
large in tbe u Parliamentary History," vol. xxii. p. 72.
ft l\Iemoirs, p, 340.
OF ENGLAND. 345
fi.1/ed to Izis " Theologiæ 3fystria," 1683; 4to. Copied
hy W. Richardson.
John Pordage, who is placed by Baxter at the head of the
Behmenists, was some time preacher of St. Laurence's church, in
Reading, and afterward rector of Bradfield, in Berkshire. He was
a man of much natural enthusiasm; and having over-heated his
imagination by reading the works of Jacob Behmen, he, like that
visionary, fancied himself inspired. He pretended to know divine
truth by a clearer light than that of the Scripture, which he con-
sidered as little better than a dead letter. He was accused by Chris-
topher Fowler, a clergyman of Reading, before the- comlnissioners
of Berks for ejecting n1Ïnisters, of preaching anti-scriptural doc-
trine, of blasphemy, and familiarity with evil spirits. Much of the
history of this strange enthusiast may be seen in Fowler's" Dæmo-
nium Meridianum." He acknowledges himself, in his answer to
that book, that he had sensible communion with angels; and that
he knew good spirits from bad by his sight, and even by his smell.
He also acknowledges, that his house was, for a month, infested
with evil spirits; and that he had a visible conflict with a fiery
dragon, which filled a large room; CI that an impression was made
in the brick-wan of his chimney, of a coach drawn with tigers and
lions, which could not be got out, till it was hewed out with pick-
axes; and another on his glass-window, which yet remaineth."
But these spirits, as he believed, were raised by one Everard, whom
he looked upon as a conjurer. This man, who appeared to be a
proselyte of Pordage's, was for several weeks a sojourner in his
family. The character of Pordage may be sUllllned up in very few
words; he was far gone in one of the most incurable kinds of
madness, tlzefrenzy of enthusiasm. See more of him in his "Vindi-
cation of himself against several Aspersions," &c. Lond. 1655.
See also 'V ood's "Athenæ," II. 578; and Baxter's " Life," fol.
part i. p. 77.
to the person whom it represents. I have lately
ecn the same print, as I appre 4
bend, inscribed, " Effigies Johannis Pordage, Philosophï, :l\Icdici, Theologi, Au-
thoris hujus Figuræ Hieroglyphicæ." He is styled "chymist," in â manuscript
inscription under the head, in the Pepysian library. Quære, if a son òf the clergy
man, who had several children, of whom Samuel was a poet.
VOL. III. 2 y
346 B lOG RAP II I C A L II 1ST 0 R Y
SAMUEL KEl\1E; IS. T. Bac. Æt. 33, lû38. G.
Glover sc.
'malt quarto:1. scarce.
Samuel Keme, after being some time at Magda1en College,
where he took holy orders, proceeded bachelor of divinity, and was
made rector of the church at Albury, in Oxfordshire. lIe was
chaplain to, and captain of, a troop of horse in the regiment of
Basil, earl of Denbigh, in which he prayed and preached to en-
courage the soldiers to fight. A. Wood says, he was a man of
a very servile spirit, a flatterer, a time-server, an Epicure, a
lecher, &c. anù always pretended to saintship; and when at col-
lege, was said to be the most notorious 1iar that ever wore long ears.
He died at A1bury 1670. He published several sermons, &c. See
\V ood's " Athenæ."
A SCOTCH DIVINE.
ROBERT LEIGH'fON, S. S. TI
. Professor pri.
marius, et academiæ Edinburgenæ præfectus,
Et. 46,
1654. R. White sc. s1Jlalt 4to.
Comec.
15 Dec.
1661.
ROBERT LEIGHTON, Æt. 40, 1654; prefi.t'ed to !Lis
"Works," 1 7 58. R. Strang'e.
This exceIIent person is represented by Bishop Burnet as one of
the most perfect characters of his own, or any other age. He was
learned, eloquent, and devout; but his piety was the most unaffected
in the world. His charity was comprehensive with respect to
speculative opinions; but he could. never overlook flagrant vices
and corruptions in the professors of any religion. He was, for his
singular merit, preferred to the bishopric of Dumblain, and after-
ward to the archbishopric of Glasgow. He had many enemies
among the rigid Episcopalians, as he was strongly inc1ined to n1ake
some concessions to the Presbyterians, in order to an accommoda-
tion." Though he was upwards of seventy years of age, he appeared
in great health and spirits, and in the full possession of all his
.. }jurnet's" Histor
T of his own Time," i. 275, et seq.
OF ENGLA ND.
347
faculties, tile day before he died; but was even then apprehcn8ive
of his approaching dissolution. He seemed to think the circum-
stances that usually attend death wor3e than death itself; and
wished to die at an inn to avoid the sorrowful looks and trouble-
some assiduities of his friends: The event was according to his
wish, for he died at the Ben Inn, in \Varwick-Iane, in 1684. IIis
select works were published in 8\'0. 1746. See more of hiin in
Burnet's "History of his own Times," and in Dr. Doddridge's
"Life." The last reentioned author published his expository works,
and other valuable remains.
JOH1\NNES D'ESPAGNE, Sancti Evangelii
l\1inister; Doctrina singulari, Studio indefesso,
J\lorum suavitate, ad versornm Tolerantia, inclytus.
Before his" Essay,"
'c. SVD.
John D'Espagne was minister of a French congregation, which
assembled at Durham-house, in the Strand; and, after that was
IJulled down, at the chapel in SOlllerset-house, which was procured
for that assembly by order of the Hou3e of Lords, * by many of
whom he was much followed and admired. He wrote on the sacra-
filent, and several other subjects in French. The following books,
which are the IllOst considerable of his works, have been translated
into English: "The Use of the Lord's Prayer, maintained against
the Objections of the Innovators of these times," Englished by
C.1VI. London, 1646. "An Essay on the \V onders of God in the
Harmony of the Times, Generations, and most illustrious Events
therein enc1osed; from the original of Ages to the Close of the
New Testmnent," 1662, 8vo. This was published after his de-
cease, by his executor.
PRIESTS OF 1'I-IE CHURCI-I OI
ROME.
RIClll\.RDUS CARPENTERUS.
sJJzall 4to. FroJJl his " lIDO SerJJlOJlS."
Faitlzorne sc.
The /)'ccond is
· The Frend! church in the Savoy was erected in the reign of Char1es II. It
was under the jurisdiction uf the Bi
hop or London, and the English Liturgy was
uscd.
348 BIOGRAPHICAL llISTORY
entitled, "Astrology proved harnzless, useful, pious;"
on Gen. Ì. 14. "And let theln be for sig'Jls." It is
dedicated to kIt'. Ashmole. The head is at the end of
the dedication. These sel'"17l0nS were printed at London,
in 4to. 1657.* See the reign of Charles I. and II.
PETRUS WRIGHT, Sacerdos e Soc. Jesu, ob
Fidem passus, Londini, 1651. C. Galle sc.
PETRUS WRIGHT. J. Thane.
Peter \Vright was a Jesuit and a missionary in England. He
was some time chaplain to the Marquis of Winchester, and after-
ward to Sir Henry Gage, governor of Oxford in the time of the
civil war.t He assisted that great man in his last moments, being
with him when he received his fatal wound in the skirmish at
Culham-bridge. 'Vright, happening afterward to be seized, was
tried and condemned to die on account of his sacerdotal character.
He suffered at 'ryburn, the 29th of May, 1651. The principal evi-
dence against him was Thomas Gage, brother to Sir Henry, who,
from a Franciscan friar, was "turned priest-catcher, and captain
of the band of pursuivants." He had almost an unlimited power
to search the houses of CathQlics in the reign of Char]es I.t
The foIlowing person was of Scottish extraction"
ALEXANDER MORUS, summus Vir, &c. Cris-
pin de Pas figu. half lenp"th,. h. sh.
ALEXANDER Monus. v: Scllllppen
ALEXANDER MORus. J. CorreJls,. 4to.
,
· It is probable that he professed himself a Protestant when his Sermons werð
printed.
t This is the Jesuit hinted at in Clarendon, vol. ii. 8vo. p. 55
.
t Dod. iii. 114.
OF ENGLA.ND.
- 3
19
ALEXAN DER MORUS. Van SOlner; 1ne,ZZ.
ALEXANDER MORUS. 1P: Vaillant; L. Visschet.
ALEXANDER MORE; inscribed "Merriento lJIori"'
no na1Jze of engraver,. sheet.
Alexander More, who was the son of a Scotsman, at Castres, in
Languedoc, was one of the completest scholars, and most eloquent
and graceful preachers of his age. He was well skilled in the
Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic languages, and was an excel-
lent divine, poet, and historian. He distinguished himself at a very
early period, when he, on the foot of his merit, was elected Greek
professor at Geneva, where he succeeded Spanheim in the divinity-
chair. He was honoured with another divinity-chair in the cele-
brated school at Middleburgh; and, by the invitation of the magis-
tratea of Amsterdam, succeeded the famous Gerard V ossius in the
professorship of history, in which he appeared to advantage,
though he was successor to so great a man. He afterward be-
came minister of the Protestant church at Paris. He was intimate
with Salmasius, and took his part against lVlilton, who treated him
as a lecher and a libertine; not, indeed, without so me founda-
tion, as his character was not untainted with regard to women. It
appears, that his morals raised him some enemies: his merits per-
haps more; and his temper, which was ambitious, fickle, bold, and
presumptuous, most of all.
The reader may see an account of his works, which are chiefly
tl1eological, in Bayle, who particularly mentions his quarrel with
Milton.* He died at Paris, in the house of the Dutchess of Rohan,
in September, 1670. The print, which is well executed, is much
like him.
· Artie. l\IORUS, note (1\1). It appears, in note (K), that he was in England in
1661 and 1662.
It will be worth the reader's white to see what is !!laid of him by Jolm Albert Fa-
bricius, in the preface to his Ie Observations in varia Laca N. T." and by Dr.
N ewton, in his cc Life of l\iilton," p. 27, &c.
:Miltoll sUIJposed that 1\Iorus was the author o( a treatise against him; and there-
fore abused l\lorus by mistake.-LoRD IIAILU.
3GO DIOGltAPIIIC.AL IIISTOlt Y
Lr\ Y -1">REACIIERS.
OLIYER Cn.Ol\l\VELL exercised what he called" the sword
of the spirit," upon every occasion, where he thought the military
sword would be ineffectual. He well knew that the people were
ever more disposed to be led Ly preachers than captains, and, to
extend his influence over them, he united both characters. 'There
is a sermon, saiù to have been preached by him, on Rom. :xiii. 1.
"The last Lord's Day, in April, 1649, at Sir P. T .'8 house, in
Lincoln's-Inn-fields. *' It was published in 1680. As it abounds
with low ribaldry, and egregious nonsense, it carries with it no
intenlal evidence of its being genuine.-Harrison, Vane, and Peter
PeU, were also lay-preachers in the time of the Interregnum: the
first of these persons was head of a rebaptized congregation in
London.t
CLAS S 'T.
COMlVIOl'lERS IN GREAT EMPLOYlVIENTS.
EDV ARDUS NICHOLAS, &c. A. Jiertoc/is f.
h. she
This print, which was from a private plate, is uncommon. The
- picture whence it was engraved was painted by Adrian Hanneman,
in 1653, when Sir Edward was sixty years of age. I-Ianl1eman, at
that tim
, resided at Brussels.!
Sir Edward Nicholas was horn the 4th of April, in the year
1593, anù entered of the Middle Temple in 1611. In 1622, he
· Probably Sir Peter Temple. From the date ûf this piece, it is probable that it
was written in ridicule of Cromwell. This, it should sc('m, is the scrmon to which
Voltaire alludes, when he sa)'s that Cromwell wa'i a clergyman of the church of
England, and chap]ain to ni
hop \Villiams; he gelt
hose falsehoods, rcady made, out
of the Ilmgazinc of Gregorio Leti.-LoRD IJAIU:S.
t II Mystery of the good old Cause," p.
H.
t 1\18. Letter of nIr. ''''111. Nicholas.
OF EXGl.
\
D.
351
marrifù Jane, daughter of Henry Jay, of Holston, in Norfolk.
Between the years 1611 and 1642, when he was rnade seC'retary
of state, he was one of the six clerks in Chancery, and successivf>ly
secretary to Lord Zouch, and the Duke of Buckingham, in the
office of high-admiral. It is remarkable that the latter was speaking
to him when he was stabbed by Felton. I-Je was afterward clerk
of the council, and continued in that employment tiU the seals were
given him by the king. He attended his majesty to Oxford, and
resiùed with him there till he went to the Scots army. On the
surrender of Oxford to Fairfax, he retired to the Prince of 'Vales,
in Jersey. From that time to the restoration, he lived, for the most
part, with Sir Edward Hyde, afterward earl of Clarendon/ at Caen,
in Normandy. The above account is taken from an authentic
Jetter, sent with the print already described, to the late professor
Ward, of Gresham College, by l\ll'. 'Villiam Nicholas, w110 died a
few years since at Horsley, in Surrey,t He was descended fronl
· 'Vhen Sir Edward Hyde, his most intimate friend, was apprehensive th.lt iIi,
life would be of a very short duration; as the parliament was thought to meditate
a sudden attempt upon Jersey, the place of his retirement. in 1647; he, in a mt"-
morial, designed to be opened at his death, rlcsired that l1is papers should be com-
mitted to the custody of Secretary Kicholas: that he should, " if it pleased God
to redeem his majesty from the llOrrid oppressions under which he then groaned.
rccehrc his maj(>sty's absolute direction what should be done with these papers."
He then desired that they might H be carefully ð.amined and perused by the lord
keeper, Sir Thomas Gardiner, 1\lr. Geoffery Palmer, Dr. Sheldon, Dr. Earles, and
Dr. l\Iorley, or as many of them as 1\lr. Secretary Nichola
should be able to draw
to him." In case of the death of the secretary and himself, lIe signified that the
papers should be delivered to Lord Capel and Lord Hopton, whose advice
md as-
sistance was to have been always used; and he desired them to pursue his former
wishes."*
If the reader be curious to contemplate the picture of a great and good man in
exile, reflecting, with death in prospect, on a life uniformly spent in the service
of his God, his king, his country, amI his friends, he wiH read with a melancholy
pleasure, perhaps with tears, the contents of the packet of papers, \vhich were wriU{'n
in tbis interesting and awful situation; and were, upon his decease, to have been
dispatc,hed to the secretary, his worthy friend.
t William Nicholas, esq. grandson to the secretary, was brought up a Turkey
merchant. He was one of the restorers of the Antiquarian Society, in 1717. Ha\"Ìng
survived the rest of his family, the estates in Londun, 'Viltshire, Surrey, &c. de-
scended to him.1I
t Chancellor Clarendon's CI Paper
," vol. ii. p. 351.
See ibid. p. 532. 11 Dr. Ducarel.
352 BI 0 G RAPIIICAL HIST OR Y
the secretary, and the last of his family. See more of Sir Edwara
- Nicholas in the reign of Charles II.
JOHN THURLO'V. Cooper p. Houbralien sc.
In the collection of the Lord J{l'lne
' Cavendish. This
head is, 'llJitlz good reason, supposed to have been done fOl"
some ollicr persoll.
JOHN THURLOE, &c. Vertlie sc.1741; englY1Vedfor
llis " State Paper
."
JOHN THUllLOE; fronz a g;old nlec/al, in tlie }Jossession
oj" D}". .JIead; a head-piece.
THURLOE and HUGH PETERS, 1'ecelV1Jlp; a petltlon
of four deputies fro}}t tIle states if Holland. fJYllerlvin sc.
4to.
JOHN THURLOW; zn Si1non's ".JIedals," p. 21.
Vertue sc.
JOlIN THURLOE, secretary of state to the Pro-
tector Oliver and Richard Cronlwell. J. Bu!finch del.
R. Cooper sc. 1810. Fronz the original, ill the collectioll
of Earl Spencer.
Mr. Cambridge has a good picture of him, of the authenticity of
which he has no doubt.
John Thurloe, secretary of state to 01iver Cromwell and his son
Richard, was as amiable a man in his private, as he was great in
in his public, character. His knowledge and his judgment, his
industry and dispatch, were equally extraordinary; and he was as
dexterous in discovering secrets, as he was faithful in keeping them.
His "State Pap"ers," in 7 vols. folio, are an excellent history of
Europe during this period, and are at once a proof of his abilities as
OF ENGLAND.
'IIÞ
353
a statesman, and his excellence as a writer. I-Ie was advanced to
the office of secretary of state) the 10th of Feb. 1653-4. Ob, 21
Feb. 1667-8, Æt.51.
HENRY LAWRENCE, president of the council;
fr0J11 a dr{l'lving in tÞe King's " Clarendon." R. CoopeJ'"
sc. 4to.
Henry Lawrence, a gentleman of courtly breeding, on the break-
ing out of the troubles, withdrew himself to RoHand, but afterward
Caine back to England, and became a Inember of the Long Parlia-
ment; and, for a time, concurred in aU the republican measures that
distinguished their sitting, until the trial and beheading of the
king; when he fell off, and absented himself entirely from the
councils of the ruling party, for which Cromwell (then lieutenant-
general), with great zeal declared, " that a neutral spirit was more
to be abhorred than a cavalier spirit; and that such lllen as he,-
were not fit to be used in such a day as that, when God was cut-
ting down kingship, root and branch." But Lawrence shortly after
came into play again in the Little Parliament, and contributed much
to the dissolving of them, and setting up the Protector, and resting
the government in a single person, affirming, "that other foundation
could no man lay." For this useful service, Cromwell took him
into his particular favour and confidence; constituting him presi-
dent of the council, ånd nominating him one of the forty-three per-
sons that were to sit in the other house, under the appellation of
a House of Lords.
He is reported to have been of a very arbitrary disposition, and
to have signed many illegal warrants, for carrying to prison, and
banishing innocent persons, without any other cause than bare sus-
picion of their being h05tile to the existing government.
EDMUND LUDLOW, knight of the shire for
the county of Wilts, in tile pal'1liall1ent 'lv/zich beg'an
Nov. 3, 1640, one of the cOlillcil of state, lieut. {5'cn. of
the horse, and comrnandel'"-in-ch icf of the forccs ill Ire-
land. Drawn and etched, 1760, by J. B. Cipl"iani, a
VOL. III.
2z
354 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Florentine, frol1z a proof Î1npressioll of a seal, in tile
possession of Tholllas Hollis, of Lincoln"s Inn, F. R.
and A.
y. S. h. she
EDl\IUND LUDLO'V, esq. Ravenet sc. 4to.
EDl\IUND LUDLO"T; 8vo. V. Gucht; in Clarendon"s
" Hið,tory."
EDl\IUND LUDLOW, autograph and seal; in Caulfield"s
" Hi{5'h Court of Justice."
ED:MUND LUDLO'V. (R. White.) Preji
l'ed to his
" .1.11"eJJloirs," 1698; 8vo.
Edmund Ludlow was, at twenty-three years of age, made a
colonel of a regÏ1nent, and soon after promoted to the rank of lieu-
tenant-general. He, in that quality, commanded in Ireland, and
had a considerable hand in subduing that country, where he ac-
quitted himself with great courage and conduct. He entered with
zeal into all the measures of the republican party, and tells us him-
self, that "he had the honour of being one of the late king's
judges.". About the time of the restoration, he retired into
Switzerland, and was there thirty-two years, among a people who
loved his principles) and respected his person. He composed his
"Memoirs" in this land of liberty. Ob, 1693, Æt. 73.
SIR ARTHUR I-IESLERIGGE ;frollzan original
picture at Nosely Hall, the seat of Lady Heslerigge.
R. Grave sc. 8vo.
Sir Arthur Heslerigge, bart. eldest son and heir of Sir Thomas
Heslerigge, of Nosely, in Leicestershire, knt. created by King
James I. a baronet, was so disgusted with the arbitrary government
of King Charles I. that he intended to quit his native country and
emigrate to New-England, in America. He was a melnber of
parliament for the county of Leicester in tbe 15th and 16th years
· "l\Iemoil's," ii. p. 871, 8vo.
OF ENGLAND.
355"
of the reign of Charles I. and distinguished himself by his acrimony
against the king; and was the person who preferred the bill of
attainder against the Earl of Strafford, whose death he sought more
than any other member of the house.
In the civil war he was one of the foremost to decide the cause,
between the king and his parliament, with the sword, throwing
away the scabbard without a wish to ever take it again; early
falling into the scheme to ruin the king, and with him to set aside
monarchy. Charles, conscious of this, exhibited articles of high..
treason against him; and afterward excepted him out of his gene-
ral pardon. He was colonel of a regiment of cuirassiers, called the
lobsters, from their being so completely armed: they did infinite
hurt to the royalists, by breaking the horse; however, they were
routed at Roundway-down, and Sir Arthur very much wounded.
Ho1lis lays the accident to his cowardice and unskilfulness.
He took the protestation, and the covenant; was one of the com-
missioners for martial law, in 1644; and in 1647, one of the com-
Inittee of safety at Derby-house. He was named a commissioner
of the high court of justice, erected to try the king, in which he sat,
but did not sign the warrant for the king's death. He was one of
the council of state, in 1649; and 1650, governor of Newcastle,
where he magnificently entertained the then Lord-general Crom-
wen. Was chosen a member of one of Oliver's parlian1ents, in 1654,
and 1656; being returned for the town of Leicester in the former,
and for the same place, and Newcastle-upon - Tyne, in the latter;
but was excluded, because he would not subscribe not to molest
the government. The Protector in vain endeavoured to gain him:
he made him one of the members of his other house; but coming
privately to town, that he might not be asked questions, he, instead
of resorting to this house, went to the commons, openly exclaiming
against this innovation and infringement of the government.
He was also a member of Richard's parliament, for the town of
Leicester; but was never conten t till he had deprived hirri of all
power; and discovering Lambert's ambition, under pretence of
approving the Derby petition, and wishing to have it read, he
ordered the doors of the house to be shut, and Lambert to be ac- .
cused of high-treason. At this time, Sir Arthur seems scarce him-
self; his friend Ludlow declaring that he was lost, in his own im-
portance, it so far threw hinl off his guard, that he feU an easy
prey to the cunning and insincerity of Monk, who flattered him
:356 BIOGltAPHICAL HISTORY
every way, and made him one of tbe five commissioners of tbe par-
liament forces with himself (which he wished at. first to decline);
conducted him into the parliament as one of the secluded members,
and at length he became so well satisfied with the general's good
intentions to the parliament, that when he pulled down the city
gates, he exclaimed, "Now George, we have thee for our own, body
and soul!" and then running to the parliament said, "All is our
own, he will be honest." Monk having deceived him as long as
was necessary, first ordered his regiment to be removed from Lon-
don, and then took off the mask
and, as he told Slingsby Bethel
(who came to him upon business, and found him lost in a pro-
found revery), that he had that m!Jrning been with Monk, who had
refused to give any satisfaction about the Commonwealth, and had
even treated him with rudeness and contempt; adding, " We are
undone! we are undone I" His courage now for the first time left
him; and his subsequent behaviour, by no means was equal to his
former conduct; nor with that declaration that he had published,
protesting his intention to live and die with the Commonwealth.
In 1660, he was sent to the Tower, by order of the king, for
endeavouring to g
in some of the old officers to attempt a diversÌon
in favour of his dear lost Commonwealth. He was excepted out
of the act of indemnity, and it was with difficulty his life was
spared, it being owing entirely to the honourable conduct of l\lonk,
then duke of .A.1bemarle, who assured the House of Peers, that
he had promised Sir Arthur, that if he would remain quiet, as he
h,ad two regiments, he should be pardoned at the king's return.
He died in the Tower, of a fever, occasioned by grief, in 1660, or
1661.
THOMAS KILLEGREW, who had been page of honour to
Charles
. was, in 1651, appointed resident at Venice by Charles II.
His pricipal business was to borrow money of the English mer-
chants in that city, for the king's support. His behaviour, during
his residence, did no honour to his n1aster or himself. The Venc-
tians were so much scandalized at his irregularities, that they com-
pelled him to leave the republic; and a complaint was preferrcd
against him to the king, át Paris, by their ambassador. See the
reign of CUA ItLES II. Class VIII. and IX.
SAlVIUEL MORLANDUS, serenlSSÙlll dOJJzlni pro-
OF ENGLAND.
357
tectoris ad f"egeln Galliæ, ducelnque Sabaudiæ, de rebus
ValensÙl17Z IJlterllllJlciu8; et delude e.rtra ordilleln COJJl-
nlÏssarius. P. Lilly (LeZy) p. P. Lornbart sc. lz. slz.
SIR SA1\IUEL lVIORLAND; a slJzall oval; (W. Hollar)
anonY'JllOus" scarce.
SIR SAl\IUEL MORLAND, in a u'ig; prtfìLTed to the
"DesCl.iption of his t'tDO Aritlznzetical InstrUJ7lcnts,"
1673, I 21no.
Samuel Morland, of Sulhamsted Banister, in Berkshire, was
some time one of the under secretaries to Thurloe.* He was enl-
ployed by the Protector in several embassies, and was, in 1657, his
resident at Geneva. His" History of the Evangelical Clnnches
of Piedmont" was published in folio, 1658, with his head prefixed. t
He was sent to Savoy, to forward the charitable collection made in
England for the Vaudois, and found the conveyance very difficult,
as their enemies were hovering round to intercept it. The method
of expediting money by bins was then much less known than it is
at present. In the beginning of the year 1660, he waited on the
king at Breda, and nlade several important discoveries; and was,
in consideration of his services, the same year created a baronet.
In 1695, was published his" Urim of Conscience," a small octavo,
before which, as I am informed, there is a neat print of him, in a
large wig, and point cravat, tied with a black riband; and some
account of himself. I know not when he died, but am certain that
he lived to an advanced age, and was, in the latter part of his life
· The Protector coming late at night to Thurloe's office, and beçhming to gh-e
rlirection about somcthin 5 of great importance and secrecy, he took notice that
1\lr. l\IorJand, one of the clerks, was in the room, which he had not observed before;
and fearing he might have overheard their discourse, though he pretended to be
asleep upon his desk, he drew a poniard, which he always carried under his co
t,
and was going to dj'}patC'h :l\Iorland upon the spot, if Thurloe had not with great
entreaties prevailed with him to desist, assuring him that l\IorJand had set up two
nights together, and was now certainly fast asleep."
t In vol. iii. of Bishop Gibson's Papers, in the Lamheth Library, is au u ALreviate
of the Life <:,f Sir Samuell\Iuriand, ùart." "HiuCIl by himself. There arc also many
Letters and P;\pcrs by hilll in the samc volume.
358 llIOGRAPIIICAL HISTOR Y
affiicted with blindness. He was master of the mechanics to
Charles II. He invented the drum-headed capstan for weighing
heavy anchors, the speaking.trull1pet, an engine for quenching fires,
an arithmetical instrument, &c. Mention is made of several of his
works in the Bodleian Catalogue.
ALGERNON SIDNEY. J. B. CijJriani d. J. Ba-
sire
c. 1763; h. she Under the head is the following
inscription.' "At the time when Mr. Algernon Syd-
ney was ambassador at the court of Denmark,
Monsieur Terlon, the :French ambassador, had the
confidence to tear out of the book of mottoes, in the
king"s library, this verse, which Mr. Sydney, accord-
ing to-the liberty allowed to all noble strangers, had
written in it,
---' Manus hæc inimica tyrannis,
Ense petit placid am sub libertate quictem.'
" Though Monsieur Terlon understood not a
word of Latin, he was told by others the meaning of
that sentence, which he considered as a libel upon
the French government, and upon such as was then
setting up in Denn1ark by French assistance or ex-
ample." Lord Molesworth's preface to his "Ac-
count of Denmark."
Algernon Sydney, a younger son of Robert, earl of Leicester,
was colonel of a regiment in the civil war, and one of the ambas-
sadors sent to Sweden and Denmark by Richard Cromwell. He
was a man of a philosophic turn of mind, had seen much of the
abuse of kingly power, and was apprehensive of Dluch more.
Hence he became as zealous a republican, from speculation and
principle, as others were from animosity and faction. See more
of him in the reign of CHARLES II. Class IX.
ALEXANDER ERSKEIN, S. Regiæ l\Iajestatis
OF ENGLA.ND.
359
Sueciæ a Consiliis secretioribus aulicis et bellicis,
&c. ad Tractatus Pacis universalis Plenipotentiarius.
Anselmus van Hull p. Corn. Galle sc. 1649, h. sh. His
portrait is in Suyderhoef's fine print of the treaty of
lJ1Únster. *
Illustris et Generosus Dominus ALEXANDER ERS-
KEIN, S. R. M. &c. three quarters, ill a 'rich Orlla17lC/lled
border; arnzs,. eig'ht Latin lines. John Durr sClllp.
very rare.
ALEXANDER ERSKEIN. Tiebout sc. 1796; 8vo.
This gentleman was probably of the Kelly branch of the family
of Marr; Sir Alexander Erskine, of that house, having been
ennobled by James VI. Many of his descendants have been named
Alexander; but there is no account of the person in question in
Douglas's" Peerage."
PHILIP, earl of PEMBROKE, when the House of Lords was
abo1ished, condescended to sit among the commons, as knight of
the shire for Berks. See the reign of CHARLES 1. Class. II.
\VILLIAM PRYNNE, the voluminous writer, was, to use the
epithet of Lord Clarendon, no less 'Columinous as a speaker. Cle-
toent Walker mentions, with due commendation, a speech of his
addressed to the House of Commons, a little before the death of
Charles I. in which he proves his concessions to the parliament to
be sufficient ground for a peace.t He has, in this speech) recapi-
tulated the arguments on both sides with great freedom and pro-
priety. He continued to speak roundly of abuses, when others
thought it prudent to be silent; and though he had lost his ears
for his patriotism, he was determined to be a patriot still, though
at the hazard of his head. See the preceding reign, Class IX.
· One of a set of prints of the ambassadors who were present at tIle treaty or
J\Iunster.
t (( Hist. of Independency," part. ii. p. 15. This speech is reprinted in the
cc Parliamentary History."
,
360
llIO G RA.PIIICA L IllS TOR Y
PRAISE GOD BAREBONE; *a head in (I square;
8vo.
PRAISE GOD BAREBONE; an etching. G. P. H.
PRAISE GOD
Preacher's New."
BAREBONE; prifLred
R. Grave sc.
to
" New
July 4,
16;)3.
Em'eLone, who was by occupation a leather-seller, was one of
the most active, if not the most able, members of the parliament as-
sembled by Cromwell, which took its denomination from his nalne.
'Vhen lVlonk came to London, with a view of restoring the king"
and was intent upon the readmission of the sec1uded mell1bers,
this man appeared at the head of a numerous rabble of fanatics,
which was alarming even to that intrepid general. A petition was
presented by their leader to the parliament, for the exclusion of the
king and royal family. Monk, who knew the popularity of Bare-
bone, was obliged to n1ake a general muster of his army, and wrote
a letter to the parliament, in which he expostulated with them for
giving too. much countenance to that furious zealot and his ad-
herents.t
· I have been informed that there were three brothers of this family, each of
whom had a
entence of his name; viz. Praise God Barebone; Christ came into
the world to save BareLone, and If Christ had not died thou hadst been damned
TIarcùone. Some are said to have omitted the former part of the sentence, and to
have called him only" Danm'd Barebone." l\lr. Hume has given us a list of
names of this kind. In l\Iontfaucon's u Diarium Italicum,"f is a sepulchral inscrip-
tion of the year 396, upon Quodvultdcus, with the following note: II Hoc ævo non
pauci erant qui piis sententiolis nomina propria concinnarent: v. g. Quodvultdeus,
Deogratias, Habetdeum, Adeodatus."
t See Roger Coke's" Detection," &c. ii. p. 89, 90. That author tells us, that
'\Villiam Prynne, (( tied to a great basket-hilt sword,"
was the first of the secluded
members that entered the House of Commons.
t Edit. 4to. p. 270.
9 Gladius
\iigatus Cic.-Spuken of a littlc man who wore a large sword.
OF ENGLAXIJ.
3GI
C L i\ S S '7 I.
IEN OF THE ItOBE.
BULSTRODUS 'VHITl.OCK, Eques l\.uratlls,
JVindsorii procoJlstabularills, !/{[ccarii c01J17uiss. dudu}}l
'Jllu/ 5 'ni sig'illi CllstoS,
'c. }'ait!zornc sc.
There is a copy qf this by Hlllsúerg;h, h. sll.
BULSTRODE'VIIITLOCK. ll. GaY1cood sc. 4to.
BULSTRODE 'V HITLOCK. Richardson
' 4to.
This print may be placed in the reign of CharJes II. in which
it was eng'cared. There is a portrait of him, which was painted in
Sweden, and is very like Faithorne's print. It is in the possession
of the Rev. Dr. Cooper, late of Phil is-court, at Henley-upon_
Thames.* This gentleman's father married the heiress of the
'Vhitlock family.
Bulstrode'Vhit1ock, a man of integrity, espoused the cause to
which he adhered from principle; and though warmed, was never
overheated by party. His knowledge in the laws was very ex-
tensive; his judgment, his experience, his dexterity and ad(hess in
the management of afi
lirs, were no less extraordinary. He was a
leading tuember of the House cf COlnmons, a principal commis-
sioner in the treaties of Oxfonl and Uxbridge, and one of the am-
bassadors seut by Richard Cromwell to luediate a peace betwixt
Sweden and Denmark. His candour was conspicuous in thp
warmest debates; and though he still adhered to the siùe that was
· Tn the timc of the eÏvil war, 1\11'. \Vhitlock was lIppointed governor of the
town of Hcnley, and of the fort of Philis-court, his own seat, ill which was a gar-
ri...on of JOO foot, and a troop of horse. He was known to IJc a ni811 of great per-
sonal courage, thongh he was ncvcr called upon to f''''t'rci
e it in tI militarJ capacitJr.
VOL. I II.
3A
302 ß lOG It A P II I C 1\ I... II 1ST 0 11 Y
uppermost, it appears to have been more owing to his moderation
than the flexibility of his principles. See the Class of Authors, in
the reign of Charles II.
HENRY ROLLE, lord chief-justice of the upper
bench. Hertoclzs f. h. sh.
Henry Rolle was one of the six judges who accepted of a com-
mission from the Commonwealth, soon after the death of Charles 1.11;-
He was intimately acquainted with the most elninent lawyers of his
time; and was in the knowledge of his profession scarce inferior to
the greatest. His reading and his practice were equally extensive;
and he seems to have been formed by nature for patient study,
deep penetration, and clearness and solidity of judglnent. He soon
discovered the hinge upon which every cause turned, and when he
was convinced himself, had the art of easily convincing others.
His integrity, even under the usurpation of Cromwell, was acknow-
ledged by the generality of the royalists themselves. He was, of
all the judges, the most averse from trying any of the king's party
for treason: he indeed thought their defence, in which they insisted
upon the illegality of the government, was too well founded. He
died the 30th of July, 1656, and was succeeded in his office by the
celebrated Glynn. He was author of the Reports and Abridgment
which bear his name. t See" Athen Oxon."
CHIEF-JUSTICE GLYNNE. J. Cahhcallsc. 4to.
III Pennant's" JVales."
Sir John Glynne was born at Glyn-llivon, in the year 1602; his
father was Sir 'Villiam Glynne, knight; his mother was a Griffith,
of Caernarvon. His education was after the best moùe; the school
was that of the college at 'Vestminster: his academic learning was
instilled into him at IIart-hall, Oxford; and his knowledge of the
· See "r alker's " Hist. of Independency." part ii. p. 119.
t 1\Ir. Hargrå\Te, at p. 9 of 1JÏs edit. of Coke upon Littleton, speaks of RolIO:s
ahridgment, as II a work most excellent in its kind, and in point of method, succinct-
ness, legal precision, and many other respects, fit to be proposed as an example for
other abridg:nents of law."
o Ji' EN G I.J AND.
363
law at J
incolll'8 Inn, where he became a bencher. His abilities
were immediately discovered by the popular party, by whose in-
fluence he was n1ade steward of \Vestminster, recorder of London,
and twice elected Inelnber for the former, in the two parliaments of
1640. I-Ie was, next to Pym, the most active manageI: again.st the
Earl of Strafford. The unfortunate peer remarkell, that Glynne
and Maynard treated him like advocates; Palt-ner and 'Vhitlock
like gentlemen; and yet omitted nothing material that could be
urged against him. The author of Hudibras seems to catch at this
part of the character of these great lawyers:
Did not tbe learned Glynne and l\Jaynard,
To make good subjEcts traitors, strain hard
In the case of Strafford, and in that of the impeachment of the
twelve bishops, they acted on principle. This appears evident fro 111
the prosecution they afterward underwent, for the noble stand they
111ade against the ruin of the constitution, planned, and afterward
effected, by the anny. On September 8th, 1646, they were expelJed
the house, committed to the Tower, and had a charge of high-
treason brought against them. Glynne soon determined to submit
to the rising powers, and was restored to his place in the house;
appointed one of the ten commissioners for carrying on the treaty
with the king in the Isle of 'Vight; and voted by the house to be
a serjeant at law, in the new call it thought fit to make. He, as
weB as the artful 'Vhitlock, evaùed aU concern in the trial of the
king; but afterward temporized funy with the powers in being.
Cronnvell soon made him one of his council; and, in 1654, he was
constituted chamberlain of Chester: in the following year was (on
the refusal of the Chief-justice Rolle) sent into the \Vest, with a
commission to try Colonel Penruddock, and the other insurgents.
Rolle lost his place for his scruples; and in his fOOln the serjeant
was rewarded wit.h the office of lord chief-justice of the upper bench.
He was grateful to his patron; for, being appointed one of the C0lU-
Inittee to receive the Protector's scruples about being 111ade kin
,
he urged the acceptance with the utmost zeal. It is amusing to
compare the change of sentiment from the year 1648, whcn the
kingly office was voted to be unnecessary, burdensome, and dan-
t;erous, with the opinion of 1657, when the learneù seljeant td1s
Cromwell, that it is e
sclltial to the seLtlemellt of the nation.
Notwithstal1dill
thc usurper did not dare to assume the name, he
364 BIOC;U,APHIC...\.L HISTOI{ Y
n1Ímicked the powers, anù honoured his advocate with calling him
np by writ into his House of Peers; that motley assembly of the
year 1657. The prudent lawyer maintained his ground till the year
of the restoration, when, by a 111asterpiece of cunning, he published,
in octavo, the arguments he had used to prevail with his former
master to mount the throne, under the title of MON ARCHY asserted
to be the best, the most ancient, an<llegal form of government. How
flattering must this have been to the rightful prince, to find the
ancient mode acknowledged as most eligible (even after the long
abuse of it in his family) by one of the ablest supporters of the
protectorate!
'Vhether this recomnlended him to the new governlnent, or whe-
ther he made his peace before, is not certain. He was received by
Charles with distinguished marks of favour, who not only knighted
him, but bestowed upon him the honour of prime serjeant, and even
created his eldest son a baronet. In the Convention Parlia
ent,
he was elected for the county of Caernarvon; and was appointed
one of the committee for examining the acts passed during the late
1.1surpation, which were inconsistent with the present government;
and how the many fines, recoveries, &c. made in the late courts of
law, might be confirmed and rendered good. He had likewise a
concern in the act of general pardon, and in all others in which
the assistance of an able lawyer was requisite.
lIe retired from the house in the following parliament, and lived
till the year 1666, when he died in London, and was buried in his
own vault, beneath the altar of St.lVIargaret's church, 'Vestminster.
JOlIN l\tJA YN AI{D. J. 5 t tú1V se. 4to.
J01Hl lVlaynard, a very able lawyer, was made a serjeant at Jaw,
Feb. 9, 1653-4, previous to the trial of Charles I. lIe had the teme-
l'ity to oppose the all-conquering army, for which, in 1647, they sent
him, with Glynne, to the Tower; and when the parliament voted no
Ulore addresses to be presented to the king, he told them that by
it they dissolved themselves. The same conduct led him to plead
the cause of 1\11'. George Coney, a merchant of London, who had
the boldness to oppose paying a tax, imposed by the Protector
Oliver, without the consent of parliament. On this his highness so
far forgot justice, that l\lay 8, 1655, he sent him, Serjeant Twysden,
OF EN GLA.N }J.
365
auù Counsellor Wadham 'Vyndham, to the Tower; from whence
they were not released before they had made their submissions.
He was again called by Charles II. to the degree of serjeant,
June 1, 1660; who, November 9 following, made him his own
seljeant. He was a sound lawyer, and a good man, and one of
the most impartial dispenser of justice of any of his contemporaries.
He was knighted by King Charles II.
1\1 A TTHE\V HALE was eminent, at this period, for the several
qualifications that compose the character of an able lawyer, and a
good rnan. He was made a judge in 1653-4; and was, without
exception, the most impartial dispenser of justice of any of his con-
temporaries. See the reign of CHARLES II.
SERJEANT BR1\.DSHA'V; a head, partly scraped,
.. '{(nd partly stipped; larg'e 4to. - 'fhere is an account of
him in the preceding reign, Class XII.
JOHN RUSH\VORTH, esq. barrister of Lincoln's Inn, was far
more eminent as an historian than a lawyer. See a description of
bis portrait among the Historians, in the reign of CHA RLES II.
Class IX.
'VILLIAl\l PRYNNE, Æt. 49, 1653;
follr English 't}erses. See
the reign OfCUARLES I. See also Class V.
DOCTOR LEVENS; a ð'lllall !lead, in the frontis-
piece to Winstanley' ð' " Loyal JJfartY1'"ology," 8vo.
DOCTOR LEVENS; enlarg'ed frOJll the above prillt;
8vo.
Doctor Levens, a gentleman well descended of an ancient family
in Oxfordshire, was brought up to the profession of the law; but
at the first conunencement of the civil war J exchanged his gown for
a sword, and valiantly served the king, till the surrender of Oxford,
and was one of the persons included to remain exempt from penal-
tics at the capitulation of that city. After the dcath of the king,
366 B I 0 (
H. A P II I C.\ L II 1ST 0 It Y
he engaged in the service of his son and successor Charles II. hav-
ing a commission from him for the l'aising forces, and blank com.
missions for divers officers; but whilst he was in pursuance of the
design he was discovered and brought to trial, before a high court
of justice, by whom he was found guilty, and suffered death oppo-
site the Royal Exchange, in CornhilJ, July 18, ] 650. Hopes were
beld out to him that his life would be spared, if he would reveal
the parties' names that were engaged with him in his undertaking;
but this he peremptorily rejected, saying, he was no way ashau1ed
of his cause, but would justify it with his last breath.
TIIOMAS FIDELL, of Furnival's Inn, gent. one
of the attorneys of the court of conlffion bench, aged
fifty-six years. T. Cross se.
Thomas FideU was author of a book, entitled, " A perfect Guide
for a studious young Lawyer; being Precedents for Conveyancing."
The first edition, before which is his portrait, was published in 4to.
1654.
A LORD CHANCELl
OR OF IRELAND.
M.A.JOR-G.ENERAL DISBREW,* on lzorscbacli,.
51cnt,. 4to.
JOHN DES BOROUGH; front a 17zcdal by A. Sinlon,
1657. J. Thane e.t'c.
Jon N D ESEOROUG II ;
vilh the J]lCck ](night {{ud La})ze
beFt,. 'lCOOd-Cllt.
JOHN DESnOllOUGII, on horseback; an etching'.
(Clauss/n.) ßZ llichardson.
JOHN DISDllE'V;
'JJlall
D"olc lcng;th, ill aJ"J1l0llr.
John Dcsl>ürou;;h (or Dl
nRowE) was bred to the law, hut. was
never like tu risc to any eminence HI, that profession. lIe was
·
ic.: Orig.
OF EX{; LA_ND.
3G7
clumsy and ungain in his person, clownish in bis manners, and
boisterous in his behaviour. He was brother-in-law to Cronnvell;
but was so violent a republican, that he cOllld never be reconciled
to the name or office of a king, in the nearest of his relations, or
even in the best of mankind. He was one of the council of state
to the Protector, general at sea, n1ajor-general of the counties of
Gloucester, 'Vilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. But
though he enjoyed these great offices under him, he abhorred his
power, and was ever intriguing with the republicans. He was pro-
moted to the chancellorship of Ireland by his nephew Richard; but
was one of the chief instruments in pulling hin1 down, and trans-
ferring his power to the army. Desborough himself was Lut a tool
in the hand of Lambert.
TN D 01<' "Of.. III.
Printed by J. F. DOVE, St. John'i Square.
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